Compassed about with so great a cloud: the witnesses of Scottish episcopal acta before ca 1250

This article is the result of examining the witnesses to some 600 episcopal acta. Despite the unequal incidence of survival from one diocese to another and the difficulty of identifying those men who had no surname, it is possible to draw some conclusions from this type of evidence. Some-thing can be said about the bishops' clerks and chaplains, other members of their households and their relatives. There is evidence of considerable continuity of personnel from one episcopate to the next. Promotion, including movement to another diocese, can be traced, as can the arrival, growth in numbers and careers of magistri. Surnames allow a consider-ation of the origins of witnesses. Some light is thrown on the growth of cathedral chapters, the introduction of bishops' officials, the role of the Céli Dé, and on clerical dynasties, illegitimacy and pluralism. The Scottish Church is seen to be integrated into the wider Western Church

TAX REFORM AND BEEF COW REPLACEMENT STRATEGY

This paper models optimal beef cow replacement strategy in a stochastic environment under U.S. income tax rules effective before and after the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Under each tax regime, the producer's buy versus raise decision and optimal culling age choice are analyzed. Per-cow profit levels are also calculated. Results of the numerical analysis indicate that tax law changes, particularly the loss of the capital gains exclusion and restrictions on preproduction expensing, will have significant effects on both optimal decisions and profitability of beef cow operations. When provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are fully effective in 1988, the optimum age for culling beef cow will increase, as will the after-tax costs of beef cow operations.Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries, Public Economics,

Effects of magnetic fields on radiatively overstable shock waves

We discuss high-resolution simulations of one-dimensional, plane-parallel shock waves with mean speeds between 150 and 240 km/s propagating into gas with Alfven velocities up to 40 km/s and outline the conditions under which these radiative shocks experience an oscillatory instability in the cooling length, shock velocity, and position of the shock front. We investigate two forms of postshock cooling: a truncated single power law and a more realistic piecewise power law. The degree of nonlinearity of the instability depends strongly on the cooling power law and the Alfven Mach number: for power-law indices \alpha < 0 typical magnetic field strengths may be insufficient either to stabilize the fundamental oscillatory mode or to prevent the oscillations from reaching nonlinear amplitudes.Comment: 11 text pages, LaTeX/AASTeX (aaspp4); 5 figures; accepted by Ap

Slotting Allowances and Retail Product Variety under Oligopoly

Slotting fees are fixed charges paid by food manufacturers to retailers for access to the retail market. The role of the practice and its effects on market efficiency are highly controversial. To date, the literature has focused on the effect of the practice on retail prices; however, slotting allowances also have the potential to alter the range of products available to consumers. Our analysis reveals that the strategic use of slotting allowances by oligopoly firms leads to a superior allocation of product variety among retailers. Indeed, absent price effects, we show that slotting allowances lead to the socially optimal provision of product variety.Slotting fees, vertical contracts, monopolization., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization, Marketing, L13, L14, L42, D43,

Stranger than fiction : the case histories of Sigmund Freud

Bibliography: leaves 201-209.The general aim of this study is to arrive at a critical assessment of the cultural-historical significance of Freud' s major case histories, through a close examination of three of the most famous: the cases of "Dora", "Schreber" and the "WolfMan". My investigation of the case histories themselves is prefaced, in Chapter One, by a selective review of some major strands in the recent critical tradition

Radiative instabilities in simulations of spherically symmetric supernova blast waves

High-resolution simulations of the cooling regions of spherically symmetric supernova remnants demonstrate a strong radiative instability. This instability, whose presence is dependent on the shock velocity, causes large-amplitude fluctuations in the shock velocity. The fluctuations begin almost immediately after the radiative phase begins (upon shell formation) if the shock velocity lies in the unstable range; they last until the shock slows to speeds less than approximately 130 km/s. We find that shock-velocity fluctuations from the reverberations of waves within the remnant are small compared to those due to the instability. Further, we find (in plane-parallel simulations) that advected inhomogeneities from the external medium do not interfere with the qualitative nature of the instability-driven fluctuations. Large-amplitude inhomogeneities may alter the phases of shock-velocity fluctuations, but do not substantially reduce their amplitudes.Comment: 18 pages text, LaTeX/AASTeX (aaspp4); 10 figures; accepted by Ap

Extra care : viable for couples living with dementia?

Purpose: The perspectives of people with dementia and their care partners regarding ‘extra care’ housing are currently unknown. This paper will report findings of a consultation study exploring the perceived barriers and facilitators of a relocation to extra care housing, from the perspective of people living with dementia, and their care partners. Design/methodology/approach: Fieldwork consisted of paired or 1-1 interviews and small focus groups with potential users of an alternative model of extra care support for people living with dementia in the South of England. The consultation took place between June and August 2013. The interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed thematically. Findings: Benefits of extra care were identified as the opportunity for couples to remain living together for longer, creating a supportive, dementia-friendly community, and a reduction in the strain experienced by the care partners. Barriers centred on a sense of loss, stress and uncertainty. Living and caring at home was perceived as preferable to shared care. Research limitations/implications: The findings presented here have limited generalizability for two reasons. First the shared care approach consulted on was very specific. Second our participants form a purposive sample and as such are not representative of a wider population. Despite best intentions the voice of people with dementia are under reported in this consultation. Only one person with early on-set dementia was interviewed and the remaining two people with dementia were interviewed alongside their care partner. Practical implications: The findings cast doubt on the viability of extra care facilities, designed for couples living with dementia, if extra care continues to be conceptualised and marketed as a preventative lifestyle choice. The findings indicate the value of consulting with people with dementia, and their care partners, when designing new forms of housing with care specifically for people living with dementia. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the body of literature, exploring the feasibility of new and innovative alternative care and housing options, for people with dementia. This paper is one of the first to explore extra care as a housing and social care option for couples with dementia

Adiabatic Magnetization of Superconductors as a High-Performance Cooling Mechanism

The adiabatic magnetization of a superconductor is a cooling principle proposed in the 30s, which has never been exploited up to now. Here we present a detailed dynamic description of the effect, computing the achievable final temperatures as well as the process timescales for different superconductors in various regimes. We show that, although in the experimental conditions explored so far the method is in fact inefficient, a suitable choice of initial temperatures and metals can lead to unexpectedly large cooling effect, even in the presence of dissipative phenomena. Our results suggest that this principle can be re-envisaged today as a performing refrigeration method to access the microK regime in nanodevices.Comment: 4 pages, 3 color figure

Managing carious lesions:why do we need consensus on terminology and clinical recommendations on carious tissue removal?

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Evidence of continued injecting drug use after attaining sustained treatment-induced clearance of the hepatitis C virus: implications for reinfection

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at the greatest risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, yet are often denied immediate treatment due to fears of on-going risk behaviour. Our principal objective was to examine evidence of continued injecting drug use among PWID following successful treatment for HCV and attainment of a sustained viral response (SVR). Methods: PWID who attained SVR between 1992 and June 2012 were selected from the National Scottish Hepatitis C Clinical Database. Hospitalisation and mortality records were sourced for these patients using record linkage techniques. Our primary outcome variable was any hospitalisation or death, which was indicative of injecting drugs post-SVR. Results: The cohort comprised 1170 PWID (mean age at SVR 39.6y; 76% male). The Kaplan Meier estimate of incurring the primary outcome after three years of SVR was 10.59% (95% CI, 8.75–12.79) After adjusting for confounding, the risk of an injection related hospital episode or death post-SVR was significantly increased with advancing year of SVR: AHR:1.07 per year (95% CI, 1.01–1.14), having a pre-SVR acute alcohol intoxication-related hospital episode: AHR:1.83 (95% CI, 1.29–2.60), and having a pre-SVR opiate or injection-related hospital episode: AHR:2.59 (95% CI, 1.84–3.64). Conclusion: Despite attaining the optimal treatment outcome, these data indicate that an increasing significant minority of PWID continue to inject post-SVR at an intensity which leads to either hospitalisation or death and increased risk of reinfection