Impact of dietary fatty acids on muscle composition, liver lipids, milt composition and sperm performance in European eel

[EN] In order for European eel aquaculture to be sustainable, the life cycle should be completed in captivity. Development of broodstock diets may improve the species' reproductive success in captivity, through the production of high-quality gametes. Here, our aim was to evaluate the influence of dietary regime on muscle composition, and liver lipids prior to induced maturation, and the resulting sperm composition and performance. To accomplish this fish were reared on three "enhanced" diets and one commercial diet, each with different levels of fatty acids, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Neutral lipids from the muscle and liver incorporated the majority of the fatty acid profile, while phospholipids incorporated only certain fatty acids. Diet had an effect on the majority of sperm fatty acids, on the total volume of extractable milt, and on the percentage of motile sperm. Here, our results suggest that the total volume of extractable milt is a DHA-dependent process, as we found the diets with the highest DHA levels induced the most milt while the diet with the lowest DHA level induced the least amount of milt The diet with the highest level of ARA induced medium milt volumes but had the highest sperm motility. EPA also seems important for sperm quality parameters since diets with higher EPA percentages had a higher volume of milt and higher sperm motility. In conclusion, dietary fatty acids had an influence on fatty acids in the tissues of male eel and this impacted sperm performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.This study relates to the project: Reproduction of European Eel: Towards a Self-sustained Aquaculture (PRO-EEL) funded by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme under the Theme 2 "Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology" (Grant Agreement no. 245257). JFA and LP had a grant to stay in Denmark from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (PAID-00-11). Special thanks to P. Lauesen (Billund Aquaculture Service), and C. Graver (Danish Aquaculture Organisation) for help during experimentation, and Lars Holst, BioMar A/S, who took part in sourcing and feed production. IAEB, RB, LP, JFA and JT received travel grants from COST Office (Food and Agriculture COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE).Butts, IAE.; Baeza Ariño, R.; Stottrup, JG.; Kruger-Johnsen, M.; Jacobsen, C.; Pérez Igualada, LM.; Asturiano Nemesio, JF.... (2015). Impact of dietary fatty acids on muscle composition, liver lipids, milt composition and sperm performance in European eel. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 183:87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.015S879618

Diabetes Is the Main Factor Accounting for Hypomagnesemia in Obese Subjects

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are associated with magnesium deficiency. We aimed to determine whether the presence of type 2 diabetes and the degree of metabolic control are related to low serum magnesium levels in obese individuals. METHODS: A) Case-control study: 200 obese subjects [50 with T2DM (cases) and 150 without diabetes (controls)] prospectively recruited. B) Interventional study: the effect of bariatric surgery on serum magnesium levels was examined in a subset of 120 obese subjects (40 with type 2 diabetes and 80 without diabetes). RESULTS: Type 2 diabetic patients showed lower serum magnesium levels [0.75±0.07 vs. 0.81±0.06 mmol/L; mean difference -0.06 (95% CI -0.09 to -0.04); p<0.001] than non-diabetic patients. Forty-eight percent of diabetic subjects, but only 15% of non-diabetic subjects showed a serum magnesium concentration lower than 0.75 mmol/L. Significant negative correlations between magnesium and fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and BMI were detected. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c independently predicted serum magnesium. After bariatric surgery serum magnesium increased only in those patients in whom diabetes was resolved, but remain unchanged in those who not, without difference in loss weight between groups. Changes in serum magnesium negatively correlated with changes in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Absolute changes in HbA1c independently predicted magnesium changes in the multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that the presence of diabetes and the degree of metabolic control are essential in accounting for the lower levels of magnesium that exist in obese subjects

Reinterpretation of the Nodal Force Method within discrete geometric approaches

We propose a geometric reinterpretation of the Nodal Force Method in the framework of a pair of discrete formulations for magnetostatics on complementary meshes

An Energy-Based Variational Model of Ferromagnetic Hysteresis for Finite Element Computations

This paper proposes a macroscopic model for ferromagnetic hysteresis that is well-suited for finite element implementation. The model is readily vectorial and relies on a consistent thermodynamic formulation. In particular, the stored magnetic energy and the dissipated energy are known at all times, and not solely after the completion of closed hysteresis loops as is usually the case. The obtained incremental formulation is variationally consistent, i.e., all internal variables follow from the minimization of a thermodynamic potential

An open software environment for testing electromagnetic analysis methods

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