5,794 research outputs found
The Definition of Fatherhood: In the Words of Never-Married African American Custodial Mothers and the Noncustodial Fathers of Their Children
This qualitative study explores the meaning of fatherhood from the perspective of never-married parents. Specifically, the study describes: how African American custodial mothers perceive the roles and responsibilities of their children\u27s fathers; the extent to which these mothers\u27 perceptions and definitions of noncustodial fatherhood are consistent with those of noncustodial fathers and the dominant cultural ideal ; and what mothers do to enhance men\u27s paternal participation. A convenience sample of 25 never-married,f ormer couples was drawn from the predominantlyA frican American population of a mid-sized Midwestern city. Data was collected via in-depth interviews with each individual respondent. The findings suggest that African American custodial mothers\u27 expressed definition of ideal fatherhood tends to reflect traditional Western standards, which emphasize the paternal economic role. However, in practice, mothers, like fathers, emphasize the social and emotional aspects of paternal responsibilities. Overall, it appears that while these mothers really want financial support, they are willing to forego economic support in lieu of the social and emotional support fathers provide
Cold gas in group-dominant elliptical galaxies
We present IRAM 30m telescope observations of the CO(1-0) and (2-1) lines in
a sample of 11 group-dominant elliptical galaxies selected from the CLoGS
nearby groups sample. Our observations confirm the presence of molecular gas in
4 of the 11 galaxies at >4 sigma significance, and combining these with data
from the literature we find a detection rate of 43+-14%, comparable to the
detection rate for nearby radio galaxies, suggesting that group-dominant
ellipticals may be more likely to contain molecular gas than their non-central
counterparts. Those group-dominant galaxies which are detected typically
contain ~2x10^8 Msol of molecular gas, and although most have low star
formation rates (<1 Msol/yr) they have short depletion times, indicating that
the gas must be replenished on timescales ~100 Myr. Almost all of the galaxies
contain active nuclei, and we note while the data suggest that CO may be more
common in the most radio-loud galaxies, the mass of molecular gas required to
power the active nuclei through accretion is small compared to the masses
observed. We consider possible origin mechanisms for the gas, through cooling
of stellar ejecta within the galaxies, group-scale cooling flows, and gas-rich
mergers, and find probable examples of each type within our sample, confirming
that a variety of processes act to drive the build up of molecular gas in
group-dominant ellipticals.Comment: 9 pages, 5 postscript figures, 4 tables, accepted by A&A. Revised
throughout in response to referee's comments, including updates to Table 1
and Figure 4, and addition of Figure
Critical and off-critical studies of the Baxter-Wu model with general toroidal boundary conditions
The operator content of the Baxter-Wu model with general toroidal boundary
conditions is calculated analytically and numerically. These calculations were
done by relating the partition function of the model with the generating
function of a site-colouring problem in a hexagonal lattice. Extending the
original Bethe-ansatz solution of the related colouring problem we are able to
calculate the eigenspectra of both models by solving the associated
Bethe-ansatz equations. We have also calculated, by exploring the conformal
invariance at the critical point, the mass ratios of the underlying massive
theory governing the Baxter-Wu model in the vicinity of its critical point.Comment: 32 pages latex, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge
Path Integral Monte Carlo Approach to the U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory in (2+1) Dimensions
Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for U(1) lattice
gauge theory in (2+1) dimensions on anisotropic lattices. We extractthe static
quark potential, the string tension and the low-lying "glueball" spectrum.The
Euclidean string tension and mass gap decrease exponentially at weakcoupling in
excellent agreement with the predictions of Polyakov and G{\" o}pfert and Mack,
but their magnitudes are five times bigger than predicted. Extrapolations are
made to the extreme anisotropic or Hamiltonian limit, and comparisons are made
with previous estimates obtained in the Hamiltonian formulation.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure
A closer look at symmetry breaking in the collinear phase of the Heisenberg Model
The large limit of the square-lattice Heisenberg
antiferromagnet is a classic example of order by disorder where quantum
fluctuations select a collinear ground state. Here, we use series expansion
methods and a meanfield spin-wave theory to study the excitation spectra in
this phase and look for a finite temperature Ising-like transition,
corresponding to a broken symmetry of the square-lattice, as first proposed by
Chandra et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 88 (1990)). We find that the spectra
reveal the symmetries of the ordered phase. However, we do not find any
evidence for a finite temperature phase transition. Based on an effective field
theory we argue that the Ising-like transition occurs only at zero temperature.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figure
Critical Behaviour of Mixed Heisenberg Chains
The critical behaviour of anisotropic Heisenberg models with two kinds of
antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled centers are studied numerically by using
finite-size calculations and conformal invariance. These models exhibit the
interesting property of ferrimagnetism instead of antiferromagnetism. Most of
our results are centered in the mixed Heisenberg chain where we have at even
(odd) sites a spin-S (S') SU(2) operator interacting with a XXZ like
interaction (anisotropy ). Our results indicate universal properties
for all these chains. The whole phase, , where the models change
from ferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic behaviour is
critical. Along this phase the critical fluctuations are ruled by a c=1
conformal field theory of Gaussian type. The conformal dimensions and critical
exponents, along this phase, are calculated by studying these models with
several boundary conditions.Comment: 21 pages, standard LaTex, to appear in J.Phys.A:Math.Ge
Eikonal Regge Model for Elastic Scattering Processes
The Frautschi-Margolis version of the Regge eikonal model is extended to include secondary Regge trajectories. Physical properties of the model are discussed. In particular, the "shrinkage" of dÏ/dt observed at present energies (rapid shrinkage for pp and K+p, little or no shrinkage for ϱp and K-p, antishrinkage for pp is related to the energy dependence of Ïtot pp and K+p nearly flat, ϱp and K-p falling slowly, pp falling rapidly)
Conformal invariance studies of the Baxter-Wu model and a related site-colouring problem
The partition function of the Baxter-Wu model is exactly related to the
generating function of a site-colouring problem on a hexagonal lattice. We
extend the original Bethe ansatz solution of these models in order to obtain
the eigenspectra of their transfer matrices in finite geometries and general
toroidal boundary conditions. The operator content of these models are studied
by solving numerically the Bethe-ansatz equations and by exploring conformal
invariance. Since the eigenspectra are calculated for large lattices, the
corrections to finite-size scaling are also calculated.Comment: 12 pages, latex, to appear in J. Phys. A: Gen. Mat
Hamiltonian Study of Improved Lattice Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions
A comprehensive analysis of the Symanzik improved anisotropic
three-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory in the Hamiltonian limit is made.
Monte Carlo techniques are used to obtain numerical results for the static
potential, ratio of the renormalized and bare anisotropies, the string tension,
lowest glueball masses and the mass ratio. Evidence that rotational symmetry is
established more accurately for the Symanzik improved anisotropic action is
presented. The discretization errors in the static potential and the
renormalization of the bare anisotropy are found to be only a few percent
compared to errors of about 20-25% for the unimproved gauge action. Evidence of
scaling in the string tension, antisymmetric mass gap and the mass ratio is
observed in the weak coupling region and the behaviour is tested against
analytic and numerical results obtained in various other Hamiltonian studies of
the theory. We find that more accurate determination of the scaling
coefficients of the string tension and the antisymmetric mass gap has been
achieved, and the agreement with various other Hamiltonian studies of the
theory is excellent. The improved action is found to give faster convergence to
the continuum limit. Very clear evidence is obtained that in the continuum
limit the glueball ratio approaches exactly 2, as expected in a
theory of free, massive bosons.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Late-onset myoclonic epilepsy in Downâs syndrome (LOMEDS)
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to report a patient with late-onset myoclonic epilepsy in Downâs syndrome (LOMEDS) as a differential diagnosis of adult-onset progressive myoclonic epilepsies. A 55-year-old male with Downâs syndrome (DS) is described who developed progressively frequent myoclonus and generalized myoclonicâtonic seizures (GMTSs) at the age of 52. EEG recordings demonstrated background slowing and generalized polyspike-wave discharges occasionally associated with myoclonic jerks, leading to the classification of primary generalized epileptic myoclonus. Descriptions of late-onset epilepsy in DS patients are rare. However, a review of the pertinent literature revealed at least two other cases of elderly DS patients developing progressive myoclonic epilepsy after the onset of dementia. We suggest that late-onset myoclonic epilepsy in Downâs syndrome as characterized here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset myoclonic epilepsies. LOMEDS apparently shares features with myoclonic epilepsy in Alzheimerâs disease (AD) and UnverrichtâLundborg disease (ULD) caused by a mutation on chromosome 21. Since life expectation of DS patients has markedly increased, LOMEDS may be more frequent than currently acknowledged
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