Provenance of Austroalpine basement metasediments: tightening up Early Palaeozoic connections between peri-Gondwanan domains of central Europe and Northern Africa

New U–Pb and Lu–Hf detrital zircon data together with whole-rock geochemical and Sm–Nd data were obtained for paragneisses of the Austroalpine basement south of the Tauern Window. Geochemically immature metasediments of the Northern–Defereggen–Petzeck (Ötztal–Bundschuh nappe system) and Defereggen (Drauzug–Gurktal nappe system) groups contain zircon age populations which indicate derivation mainly from Pan-African orogens. Younger, generally mature metasediments of the Gailtal Metamorphic Basement (Drauzug–Gurktal nappe system), Thurntaler Phyllite Group (Drauzug–Gurktal nappe system) and Val Visdende Formation (South Alpine Basement) were possibly derived from more distant sources. Their significantly larger abundances of pre-Pan-African zircons record a more advanced stage of downwearing of the Pan-African belts and erosion of older basement when the Austroalpine terrane was part of the Early Palaeozoic Northern Gondwana passive margin. Most zircon age spectra are dominated by Ediacaran sources, with lesser Cryogenian, Tonian and Stenian contributions and subordinate Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean ages. These age patterns are similar to those recorded by Cambro–Ordovician sedimentary sequences in northeastern Africa between Libya and Jordan, and in some pre-Variscan basement inliers of Europe (e.g. Dinarides–Hellenides, Alboran microplate). Therefore, the most likely sources seem to be in the northeastern Saharan Metacraton and the Northern Arabian–Nubian Shield (Sinai), further supported by whole-rock Sm–Nd and zircon Lu–Hf data.Fil: Siegesmund, Siegfried. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Oriolo, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Heinrichs, T.. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Stipp Basei, Miguel Angelo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nolte, N.. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Hüttenrauch, F.. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Schulz, B.. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg; Argentin

H² im Gasnetz und die Interaktion mit Gasmotoren

Erneuerbare Gase wie Biomethan, synthetisches Methan oder Wasserstoff können durch die Substitution fossiler Brennoder Grundstoffe in allen Sektoren erhebliche Treibhausgas-Reduktionen bewirken. Während Bio- und synthetisches Methan problemlos in die bestehende Gasinfrastruktur eingespeist werden können, ist die Beimischung von Wasserstoff begrenzt oder erfordert eine Anpassung sowohl der Gasinfrastruktur als auch der Endverbraucher. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das von der Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e. V. (FVV) und dem DVGW geförderte Gemeinschaftsprojekt „H² in the gas network and interaction with gas engines“ (DVGW-Fördernummer: G 201914) insgesamt fünf verschiedene Transformationsszenarien hin zu einer defossilisierten Gasversorgung im Jahr 2050 analysiert, um den kosteneffizientesten Transformationspfad zu identifizieren. Dazu wurden die Gasbereitstellungskosten sowie die technischen Maßnahmen und Anpassungskosten für die Gasinfrastruktur und die Endverbraucher unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlich steigender Wasserstoffkonzentrationen im Erdgasnetz untersucht und bewertet. Der Fokus der anwendungsspezifischen Betrachtungen richtete sich dabei insbesondere auf CNG-Fahrzeuge und stationäre Gasmotoren

The development of Cutina lipogels and gel microemulsion for topical administration of fluconazole

The influence of the vehicle on the release and permeation of fluconazole, a topical antifungal drug dissolved in Jojoba oil was evaluated. Series of Cutina lipogels (Cutina CPA [cetyl palmitate], CBS [mixture of glyceryl stearate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, and cocoglycerides], MD [glyceryl stearate], and GMS [glyceryl monostearate]) in different concentrations as well as gel microemulsion were prepared. In-vitro drug release in Sorensens citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and permeation through the excised skin of hairless mice, using a modified Franz diffusion cell, were performed. The rheological behavior and the apparent viscosity values for different gel bases were measured before and after storage under freezing conditions at −4 °C and were taken as measures for stability of network structure.Candida albicans was used as a model fungus to evaluate the antifungal activity of the best formula achieved. The results of in vitro drug release and its percutaneous absorption showed that the highest values from gel microemulsion were assured. The rheological behavior of the prepared systems showed pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) flow indicating structural breakdown of the existing intermolecular interactions between polymeric chains. Moreover, the stability study revealed no significant difference between viscosity before and after storage for different formulae except for CPA Cutina lipogel (using analysis of variance [ANOVA] test at level of significance .05). The antifungal activity of fluconazole showed the widest zone of inhibition with gel microemulsion. The gel microemulsion is an excellent vehicle for fluconazole topical drug delivery