Experimental and theoretical characterization of the Zn - Zn bond in [Zn2(η5-C5Me5)2]

The existence and characterization of a bond between the Zn atoms in the recently synthesized complex [Zn2(5-C5Me5)2], as well as between Zn and ligand C atoms is firmly based on neutron diffraction and low-temperature X-ray synchrotron diffraction experiments. The multipolar analysis of the experimental electron density and its topological analysis by means of the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) approach reveals details of the Zn - Zn bond, such as its open-shell intermediate character (the results are consistent with a typical metal-metal single bond), as well as many other topological properties of the compound. Experimental results are also compared with theoretical ab initio calculations of the DFT (density functional theory) and MP2 (Mller-Plesset perturbation theory) electron densities, giving a coherent view of the bonding in the complex. For instance, charges calculated from the AIM approach applied to the atomic basin of each Zn atom are, on average, +0.72 e from both the experimental and the theoretical electron density, showing a moderate charge transfer from the metal, confirmed by the calculated topological indexes.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia MAT2006-0199

The Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic survey: implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy

Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. Conclusions. The final catalogue will be released through the ESO archive in the first half of 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come

The Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic survey: motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia’s astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202000 spectra of 115000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products

Eliminación de formaldehído mediante CWO

Se sintetizaron catalizadores en polvo y en membrana de óxidos mixtos de Co-Cu-Ce soportados en Al₂O₃ comercial en polvo y en una membrana inorgánica de γ-Al₂O₃ como soporte. Los catalizadores fueron caracterizados por Difracción de Rayos X, Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido y Estudio de Análisis Químico Elemental. Para evaluar la eficiencia de los materiales catalíticos impregnados con los óxidos mixtos se realizaron estudios de actividad catalítica para la Oxidación Húmeda Catalítica (CWO) de una solución de formaldehído con concentración de 500 ppm en un reactor de tanque agitado, con flujo continuo de la fase oxidante.In this paper, powder catalysts and mixed oxide membrane Co-Cu-Ce supported on Al₂O₃ commercial powder and an inorganic membrane were synthesized γ-Al₂O₃ as support. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Chemical Elemental Analysis Study. Catalytic activity studies for Catalytic Wet Oxidation (CWO) of formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 500 ppm in slurry stirred tank reactor type, with continuous flow of the oxidizing phase

Cuestionario de representaciones de la menopausia: adaptación y propuesta de versión en español

Introduction. The aging of women is a natural event called menopause, which requires its study for the various manifestations and how they influence during her life. Objective. To carry out the design and cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the menopause representations questionnaire through validity and reliability tests. Methods. Research on the adaptation and validation design of the questionnaire, with the participation of women between 42 and 65 years of age, attended in first level health care facilities. A random sample of 230 women was used and the English version of the Menopause Representations Questionnaire was considered for the adaptation, back translation was performed, content validity through the expert judgment technique, convergent validity through Spearman’s correlation coefficient, internal consistency analysis through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis through Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample adequacy. Results. The mean age was 52.87 ± 6.29, the translation maintained the meaning of the original words, and there were no modifications in the evaluation of comprehension. Content validity by expert judgment showed a value of 0.79 according to Kappa coefficient. All the dimensions showed significant correlation for convergent validity, the reliability in the four dimensions ranged between 0.68 and 0.79 and a total reliability of 0.80. It was not necessary to eliminate questions and the confirmatory analysis was accepted. Conclusion. It is the first version translated into Spanish, has acceptable validity and reliability, can be used in clinical interventions and epidemiological studies, and is useful for describing experiences from a bio-psychosocial and cultural perspective.Introducción. El envejecimiento de la mujer es un evento natural denominado menopausia que requiere su estudio por las diversas manifestaciones y como estas influyen durante su vida. Objetivo. Realizar el diseño y adaptación cultural del cuestionario de representaciones de la menopausia versión en español mediante pruebas de validez y confiabilidad. Métodos. Investigación de adaptación y diseño de validación de cuestionario, participaron mujeres entre 42 a 65 años, atendidas en establecimientos del primer nivel de atención. Se utilizó una muestra aleatoria conformada por 230 mujeres y se consideró la versión en inglés de Menopause Representations Questionnaire para la adaptación. Se realizó la traducción inversa, validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos, validez convergente a través del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, análisis de consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante la adecuación de muestra de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. Resultados. La edad promedio fue 52,87 ± 6,29 años. La traducción mantuvo el significado de palabras originales, en la valoración de la compresión no se presentaron modificaciones. La validez de contenido presentó un valor de 0,79 según coeficiente de Kappa. Todas las dimensiones mostraron correlación significativa para la validez convergente, la confiabilidad en las cuatro dimensiones osciló entre 0,68 y 0,79 y una confiabilidad total de 0,80. No fue necesario eliminar preguntas y se aceptó el análisis confirmatorio. Conclusión. Es la primera versión traducida al español, tiene una validez y confiabilidad aceptable, puede ser utilizado en intervenciones clínicas y estudios epidemiológicos y útil para describir experiencias desde la perspectiva bio-psicosocial y cultural

Eosinophilic peritonitis in a patient under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis successfully treated with steroids

A 28 year-old woman with chronic kidney disease stage 5 and hemodialysis in 2007. She received a first kidney transplant from related live donor and suffered chronic graft rejection returning to hemodialysis in 2011. In 2015, the patient entered to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and ten days after the placement of the catheter, while she was in the training of the technique of peritoneal dialysis, she presented a murky dialysis fluid, without an abdominal pain or fever, with eosinophilia in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood. She received prednisone with resolution of the problem.Mujer de 28 años de edad con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5 y en hemodiálisis desde el 2007. Recibió un primer trasplante renal de donante vivo relacionado, del cual sufrió rechazo crónico del injerto, y retornó a hemodiálisis en el 2011. En el 2015, la paciente ingresó a diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria y diez días después de la colocación del catéter, mientras se encontraba en entrenamiento de la técnica de diálisis peritoneal, presentó líquido de diálisis turbio, sin dolor abdominal ni fiebre, y con eosinofilia en el líquido ascítico y en sangre periférica. Recibió prednisona y se resolvió el cuadro

MONITORING THE SEVERITY AND VARIABILITY OF BROWN RUST (Puccinia melanocephala) IN SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN THE CAUCA VALLEY, COLOMBIA

Abstract THE VARIETIES CC 85-92 and CC 84-75 are grown on more than 80% of the area planted with cane in the Colombian sugar industry; these varieties were initially resistant to brown rust disease. Brown rust has been present in Colombia since 1979. Genetic variability in Puccinia melanocephala is thought to have affected resistance in some varieties through the appearance of what are thought to be new races of the pathogen. This situation has been observed in some resistant varieties (e.g. CC [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], where recently the disease has occurred at low severity. Therefore, an evaluation was made of the severity and possible variability of brown rust in the varieties selected by CENICAÑA in the Cauca River Valley. Samples were taken from plants from 1-14 months of age in the varieties CC 84-75, CC 85-92, CC 93-3895, CC 92-2804 and MZC 74-275 on 91 estates (10 sugar mills). On each plantation 20 stalks were selected at random, and the third leaf from the top visible dewlap leaf was taken from each stalk. Both disease reaction and severity were evaluated. Morphological and microscopic analyses of the structures found in the rust pustules were undertaken in leaf samples taken from each variety. Simultaneously, pathogen samples were collected and molecular techniques used (focusing on initiators of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA)) to detect possible genetic variation of P. melanocephala. The results showed that the disease reaction type in the varieties evaluated was 5 or less, with severities ranging from 0-12% leaf area affected. Variety MZC 74-275 showed susceptibility, with a reaction of 6 and a severity of 20% on the estates where it was evaluated. No differences were found among the morphological structures in the samples evaluated, all of which corresponded to P. melanocephala. The results obtained from the amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the rDNA and from the PCR-RFLP did not show differences among the samples evaluated. These results could indicate that the variation of the pathogen is not reflected in its rDNA or that the molecular technique used was not sufficiently sensitive to detect small variations in the genome. Initial results about the presence or absence of gene Bru1 and susceptibility to brown rust are discussed

Infección por VIH asociado a linfoma y herpes zóster: Reporte de caso

La infección por VIH se caracteriza por tres fases: aguda, asintomática y avanzada; esta última caracterizada por inmunodeficiencia severa, lo que expone al paciente a contraer infecciones oportunistas o cáncer. Presentamos un paciente varón de 52 años que acude por dolor en la región retromandibular izquierda, con multiples ampollas de color rojizo, aspecto descamativo, a predominio de dermatomas cervicales C4 - C5 y lumbares L1 - L5, se le realiza examen anatomopatológico del ganglio cervical encontrando hallazgos sugestivos de neoplasia linfoide maligna. Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) surgen de los linfocitos B, linfocitos T y linfocitos NK. Estas neoplasias se desarrollan en los ganglios linfáticos, pero puede ocurrir en cualquier tejido. Los LNH afectan frecuentemente la cabeza y el cuello. La inmunosupresión generada por el VIH produce la reactivación del virus de varicela-zóster y es una condición de susceptibilidad para el desarrollo de linfomas.   Palabras clave: VIH (DeCS), Herpes Zóster (DeCS), Linfoma (DeCS)   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2021.v16i03.1

Sublittoral soft bottom communities and diversity of Mejillones Bay in northern Chile (Humboldt Current upwelling system)

The macrozoobenthos of Mejillones Bay (23°S; Humboldt Current) was quantitatively investigated over a 7-year period from austral summer 1995/1996 to winter 2002. About 78 van Veen grab samples taken at six stations (5, 10, 20 m depth) provided the basis for the analysis of the distribution of 60 species and 28 families of benthic invertebrates, as well as of their abundance and biomass. Mean abundance (2,119 individuals m-2) was in the same order compared to a previous investigation; mean biomass (966 g formalin wet mass m-2), however, exceeded prior estimations mainly due to the dominance of the bivalve Aulacomya ater. About 43% of the taxa inhabited the complete depth range. Mean taxonomic Shannon diversity (H', Log e) was 1.54 ± 0.58 with a maximum at 20 m (1.95 ± 0.33); evenness increased with depth. The fauna was numerically dominated by carnivorous gastropods, polychaetes and crustaceans (48%). About 15% of the species were suspensivorous, 13% sedimentivorous, 11% detritivorous, 7% omnivorous and 6% herbivorous. Cluster analyses showed a significant difference between the shallow and the deeper stations. Gammarid amphipods and the polychaete family Nephtyidae characterized the 5-mzone, the molluscs Aulacomya ater, Mitrella unifasciata and gammarids the intermediate zone, while the gastropod Nassarius gayi and the polychaete family Nereidae were most prominent at the deeper stations. The communities of the three depth zones did not appear to be limited by hypoxia during non-El Niño conditions. Therefore, no typical change in community structure occurred during El Niño 1997–1998, in contrast to what was observed for deeper faunal assemblages and hypoxic bays elsewhere in the coastal Humboldt Current system