Investigation of the changes in the amino acids content of shrimps and the suitability of such a change as a method for the routine assessment of their quality

The present work was undertaken to find a suitable objective quality control method for use in the crustacean markets and in similar situations. Two main types of objective methods used for fish are Available—these are the chemical methods measuring either the trimethylamine-nitrogen (TMA-N) or the hypoxanthine (Hy) concentrations. However, the "K value" is a more simple method for evaluating the nucleotide degradation than the measurement of (Hy) alone, hence the "K value" was preferred in this work. The "Ornithine Equivalent", the separated ornithine and proline, pH, TMA-N and "K value" of pink (Pandalus montagui) and brown (Crangon crangon) shrimps were investigated. These different measurements were assessed as possible methods for the routine quality control of shrimps

Efektivitas Pembinaan dan Pelatihan Gelandangan dan Pengemis oleh Dinas Sosial dan Pemakaman Kota Pekanbaru

The Effectivity of Homeless and Beggars Founding and Training Implemented by the Social and Cemetery Departement of Pekanbaru City. . And the purpose of this research are to know the effectivity of the founding and training of homeless and beggars by the Departement of Social and Cemetery of Pekanbaru and factors concerning the halt of progress of the founding and training. This research using the method of qualitative descriptive and data collection technique by the way of observation, interview, and library research obtained by research informant that has been predetermined based on snowball sampling technique. Based on research result that has been done based on the concept and theory researcher found out that the homeless and beggars founding and training provided by Pekanbarus Department of Social and Cemetery is not yet effective. This can be seen by the many homeless and beggars still lurking in PekanbaruKeywords: Effectivity, Founding And Training, Source Approach, Process Approach, Targeted Approac

Cryptocapsinepoxide-type Carotenoids from Red Mamey, Pouteria sapota

Three new carotenoids, cryptocapsin-5,6-epoxide, 3ʹ-deoxycapsanthin-5,6-epoxide, and cryptocapsin-5,8-epoxides, have been isolated from the ripe fruits of red mamey (Pouteria sapota). Cryptocapsin-5,6-epoxide was prepared by partial synthesis via epoxidation of cryptocapsin and the (5R,6S)- and (5S,6R)-stereoisomers were identified by HPLC-ECD analysis. Spectroscopic data of the natural (anti) and semisynthetic (syn) derivatives obtained by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of cryptocapsin-5,8-epoxide stereoisomers were compared for structural elucidation. Chiral HPLC separation of natural and semisynthetic samples of cryptocapsin-5,8-epoxides was performed and HPLC-ECD analysis allowed configurational assignment of the separated stereoisomers

French responses to the Prague Spring: connections, (mis)perception and appropriation

Looking at the vast literature on the events of 1968 in various European countries, it is striking that the histories of '1968' of the Western and Eastern halves of the continent are largely still written separately.1 Nevertheless, despite the very different political and socio-economic contexts, the protest movements on both sides of the Iron Curtain shared a number of characteristics. The 1968 events in Czechoslovakia and Western Europe were, reduced to the basics, investigations into the possibility of marrying social justice with liberty, and thus reflected a tension within European Marxism. This essay provides an analysis specifically of the responses by the French left—the Communist Party, the student movements and the gauchistes—to the Prague Spring, characterised by misunderstandings and strategic appropriation. The Prague Spring was seen by both the reformist and the radical left in France as a moderate movement. This limited interpretation of the Prague Spring as a liberal democratic project continues to inform our memory of it

Global Demethylation of Rat Chondrosarcoma Cells after Treatment with 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Results in Increased Tumorigenicity

Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation are observed in several types of human cancer. While localized DNA methylation of CpG islands has been associated with gene silencing, the effect that genome-wide loss of methylation has on tumorigenesis is not completely known. To examine its effect on tumorigenesis, we induced DNA demethylation in a rat model of human chondrosarcoma using 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Rat specific pyrosequencing assays were utilized to assess the methylation levels in both LINEs and satellite DNA sequences following 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. Loss of DNA methylation was accompanied by an increase in invasiveness of the rat chondrosarcoma cells, in vitro, as well as by an increase in tumor growth in vivo. Subsequent microarray analysis provided insight into the gene expression changes that result from 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine induced DNA demethylation. In particular, two genes that may function in tumorigenesis, sox-2 and midkine, were expressed at low levels in control cells but upon 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment these genes became overexpressed. Promoter region DNA analysis revealed that these genes were methylated in control cells but became demethylated following 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. Following withdrawal of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, the rat chondrosarcoma cells reestablished global DNA methylation levels that were comparable to that of control cells. Concurrently, invasiveness of the rat chondrosarcoma cells, in vitro, decreased to a level indistinguishable to that of control cells. Taken together these experiments demonstrate that global DNA hypomethylation induced by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine may promote specific aspects of tumorigenesis in rat chondrosarcoma cells

Biologically Relevant Models of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome: The Requirement for Behavioral Ocular Motor System Models

ABSTRACT Infantile nystagmus syndrome (I NS) is a combination of several types of nystagmus, each representing dysfunction in one subsystem of the oc ular motor system (OMS) and having characteristic waveforms. Eye-movement recordings are the only certain way to identifY IN and differentiate it from other types. The waveform classification scheme in use for 30 years is both accurate, inclusive, and suggests the underlying subsystem instabilities. In dif ferent individuals, they may appear at birth (hard wired) or in early infancy (developmental). The primary subsystem instability in IN is hypothesized to lie in the normally underdamped smooth pursuit system; vestibular dysfunction (imbalance) may also be present. Less often, the nucleus of the optic tract may be involved. Ocular motility studies over the past 40 years have demonstrated that saccades and gaze holding are normal in the INS and saccades contained within IN waveforms are always corrective; i.e., they cannot be the initiating movement responsible for IN. Because there are an infinite number of solu tions to simulating specific waveforms, models that merely generate waveforms that resemble IN in isolation are of little use, either clinically or to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of IN. A biologically relevant model of the INS should be part of, and operate within, a complete OMS model, capable of reproducing the normal ocular motor behavior of these in dividuals while still oscillating; i.e., the model, like the patient, must not have oscillopsia and be able to respond correctly to various target inputs