Intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon.

A pesquisa foi realizada durante quatro anos, num vinhedo de Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), em Bento Gonçalves-RS. O objetivo foi determinar o efeito das intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho em variáveis relacionadas aos componentes de produção da videira e à composição do mosto de uva. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de poda seca - curta e longa - e quatro de desbaste de cacho (%) - 0; 25; 50 e 75 -; com cinco repetições. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos em parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostram que a poda seca e o desbaste de cacho tiveram efeito altamente significativo na produtividade do vinhedo que, na média dos quatro anos, variou de 10.971 kg/ha ? poda curta, 75% de desbaste ? a 32.819 kg/ha ? poda longa, 0% de desbaste. Houve, também, efeito significativo na produtividade por gema, peso de ramos podados por gema e por hectare, área foliar/peso fresco do fruto e produtividade/peso de ramos podados. Entretanto, o efeito nas variáveis relacionadas a açúcar e acidez do mosto da uva foi pouco expressivo. O componente 1 da análise de componentes principais discriminou o tratamento poda curta a 75% de desbaste de cacho dos tratamentos poda longa-0% de desbaste e poda longa-25% de desbaste

Mental health in the slums of Dhaka - a geoepidemiological study

Gruebner O, Khan MH, Lautenbach S, et al. Mental health in the slums of Dhaka - a geoepidemiological study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1): 177.Background: Urban health is of global concern because the majority of the world's population lives in urban areas. Although mental health problems (e.g. depression) in developing countries are highly prevalent, such issues are not yet adequately addressed in the rapidly urbanising megacities of these countries, where a growing number of residents live in slums. Little is known about the spectrum of mental well-being in urban slums and only poor knowledge exists on health promotive socio-physical environments in these areas. Using a geo-epidemiological approach, the present study identified factors that contribute to the mental well-being in the slums of Dhaka, which currently accommodates an estimated population of more than 14 million, including 3.4 million slum dwellers. Methods: The baseline data of a cohort study conducted in early 2009 in nine slums of Dhaka were used. Data were collected from 1,938 adults (>= 15 years). All respondents were geographically marked based on their households using global positioning systems (GPS). Very high-resolution land cover information was processed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain additional exposure information. We used a factor analysis to reduce the socio-physical explanatory variables to a fewer set of uncorrelated linear combinations of variables. We then regressed these factors on the WHO-5 Well-being Index that was used as a proxy for self-rated mental wellbeing. Results: Mental well-being was significantly associated with various factors such as selected features of the natural environment, flood risk, sanitation, housing quality, sufficiency and durability. We further identified associations with population density, job satisfaction, and income generation while controlling for individual factors such as age, gender, and diseases. Conclusions: Factors determining mental well-being were related to the socio-physical environment and individual level characteristics. Given that mental well-being is associated with physiological well-being, our study may provide crucial information for developing better health care and disease prevention programmes in slums of Dhaka and other comparable settings

Combined system for off-line optimization and adaptive cutting force control

The choice of manufacturing processes is based on cost, time and precision. A remaining drawback of modern CNC systems is that the machining parameters, such as feed-rate, cutting speed and depth of cut, are still programmed off-line. The machining parameters are usually selected before machining accordin to programmer's experience and machining handbooks. To prevent damage and to avoid machining failure the operating conditions are usually set extremely conservative. As a result, many CNC systems are inefficient and run under the operating conditions that are far from optimal . Even if the machining parameters are optimised off-line by an optimisation algorithm they cannot be adjusted during the machining process. In this paper, a neural adaptiv controller is developed and some simulations and experiments with the neural control strategy are carried out. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed system to effectively regulate peak forces for cutting conditions commonly encountered in end milling operations

Machining parameter optimization using ant colony system

A multi-objective optimization method - based on the combination of ANFIS and ACO evolutionary algorithms - is proposed to obtain a sub-optimal set of parameters for turning processe

Knowledge Management Based Process Planning System

Process planning knowledge (PPK) is one of the most important knowledge in production manufacturing enterprise. The traditional method of organizing data into knowledge relies on manual analysis and interpretation. This paper analyzes the source and composing of process planning knowledge and state of arts on process planning discovery in production manufacturing enterprise. On the basis of the application of computer aided process planning (CAPP) system in mechanical manufacturing enterprise, the concept of process planning information model (PPIM) is proposed based on process planning databases. This paper provides a CAPP database developed in own research, clarifying how PPK and PPIM in CAPP database are related both to each other and to related fields, the technology database of process planning knowledge discovery is modeled based on object-oriented model-driven technology, and the process planning knowledge discovery script is designed