9 research outputs found

    MICROEMULSÕES: COMPONENTES, CARACTERÍSTICAS, POTENCIALIDADES EM QUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS E OUTRAS APLICAÇÕES

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    Microemulsions (MEs) are thermodynamically stable systems consisting of nanosized droplets dispersed in a solvent continuous medium (known as pseudo-phase), which is immiscible with the dispersed phase. These systems consist of water, a hydrophobic solvent called "oil," an amphiphile and often, a co-surfactant that is normally a medium chain alcohol. A large number of publications describe the importance of MEs in many branches of chemistry, and there is an intensive search for new applications. In addition, MEs have been applied in many areas, including oil extraction, removal of environmental pollutants from soils and effluents, dissolution of additives in lubricants and cutting oils, cleaning processes, dyeing and textile finishing, as nanoreactors to obtain nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic and photographic materials, and latex. However, only some studies indicate the potential applications of MEs in food and even fewer evaluate their chemical behavior. Potential applications of MEs in food comprise dissolution of lipophilic additives, stabilization of nutrients and biologically active compounds, using as an antimicrobial agent and to maximize the efficiency of food preservatives. This work consists of a literature review focusing on composition and physical and chemical characteristics of microemulsions. Despite the small number of studies on the subject reported in the literature, we demonstrate some potential applications of MEs in food chemistry

    Direct Determination of Oleic Acid in Soybean Oil by Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection Capillary Electrophoresis in an Oil-Miscible KOH/1-Propanol/Methanol Medium

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    The aim of this work was to develop a quick direct analytical technique for the determination of oleic acid content in soybean oil by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The oil-miscible background electrolyte was a mixture of methanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) containing 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 KOH and 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol. Samples of 50 g L-1 soybean oil were prepared directly in the background electrolyte added with 1.33 × 10-3 g L-1 of salicylic acid as internal standard. Quantitative tests were performed by adding to the samples pure oleic acid in the range from 0.53 to 2.13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Under negative polarity anionic solutes moved faster than the electro-osmotic flow so that oleic acid was detected in 16 minutes. The limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 24 and 81 μmol L-1. Such results demonstrate that, unlike required by other methods, low levels of oleic acid can be quantitatively determined in soybean oil without prior extraction.Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um método analítico direto e rápido para a determinação de ácido oleico em óleo de soja por eletroforese capilar com detecção condutométrica sem contato. O eletrólito de corrida empregado foi uma mistura metanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) contendo 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 de KOH e 10% (v/v) em etileno glicol. As amostras foram preparadas pela solubilização de 50 g L-1 de óleo de soja e 1,33 × 10-3 de ácido salicílico (padrão interno) no eletrólito de corrida. Os ensaios quantitativos foram realizados adicionando ácido oleico puro às amostras, na faixa entre 0,53 e 2,13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Sob polaridade negativa, os solutos aniônicos deslocaram-se mais rapidamente do que o fluxo eletro-osmótico e o ácido oleico foi detectado em 16 minutos. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram, respectivamente, de 24 e 81 μmol L-1. Tais resultados demonstram que baixos teores deste ácido graxo podem ser quantitativamente determinados no óleo de soja sem a necessidade de extração prévia, como requerem outros métodos

    Direct determination of oleic acid in soybean oil by capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection capillary electrophoresis in an oil-miscible KOH/1-propanol/methanol medium

    No full text
    The aim of this work was to develop a quick direct analytical technique for the determination of oleic acid content in soybean oil by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The oil-miscible background electrolyte was a mixture of methanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) containing 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 KOH and 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol. Samples of 50 g L-1 soybean oil were prepared directly in the background electrolyte added with 1.33 × 10-3 g L-1 of salicylic acid as internal standard. Quantitative tests were performed by adding to the samples pure oleic acid in the range from 0.53 to 2.13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Under negative polarity anionic solutes moved faster than the electro-osmotic flow so that oleic acid was detected in 16 minutes. The limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 24 and 81 μmol L-1. Such results demonstrate that, unlike required by other methods, low levels of oleic acid can be quantitatively determined in soybean oil without prior extraction.Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um método analítico direto e rápido para a determinação de ácido oleico em óleo de soja por eletroforese capilar com detecção condutométrica sem contato. O eletrólito de corrida empregado foi uma mistura metanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) contendo 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 de KOH e 10% (v/v) em etileno glicol. As amostras foram preparadas pela solubilização de 50 g L-1 de óleo de soja e 1,33 × 10-3 de ácido salicílico (padrão interno) no eletrólito de corrida. Os ensaios quantitativos foram realizados adicionando ácido oleico puro às amostras, na faixa entre 0,53 e 2,13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Sob polaridade negativa, os solutos aniônicos deslocaram-se mais rapidamente do que o fluxo eletro-osmótico e o ácido oleico foi detectado em 16 minutos. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram, respectivamente, de 24 e 81 μmol L-1. Tais resultados demonstram que baixos teores deste ácido graxo podem ser quantitativamente determinados no óleo de soja sem a necessidade de extração prévia, como requerem outros métodos

    Direct determination of oleic acid in soybean oil by capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection capillary electrophoresis in an oil-miscible KOH/1-propanol/methanol medium

    No full text
    The aim of this work was to develop a quick direct analytical technique for the determination of oleic acid content in soybean oil by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The oil-miscible background electrolyte was a mixture of methanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) containing 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 KOH and 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol. Samples of 50 g L-1 soybean oil were prepared directly in the background electrolyte added with 1.33 × 10-3 g L-1 of salicylic acid as internal standard. Quantitative tests were performed by adding to the samples pure oleic acid in the range from 0.53 to 2.13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Under negative polarity anionic solutes moved faster than the electro-osmotic flow so that oleic acid was detected in 16 minutes. The limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 24 and 81 μmol L-1. Such results demonstrate that, unlike required by other methods, low levels of oleic acid can be quantitatively determined in soybean oil without prior extraction.Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um método analítico direto e rápido para a determinação de ácido oleico em óleo de soja por eletroforese capilar com detecção condutométrica sem contato. O eletrólito de corrida empregado foi uma mistura metanol/1-propanol (1:6 v/v) contendo 4 × 10-2 mol L-1 de KOH e 10% (v/v) em etileno glicol. As amostras foram preparadas pela solubilização de 50 g L-1 de óleo de soja e 1,33 × 10-3 de ácido salicílico (padrão interno) no eletrólito de corrida. Os ensaios quantitativos foram realizados adicionando ácido oleico puro às amostras, na faixa entre 0,53 e 2,13 × 10-3 mol L-1. Sob polaridade negativa, os solutos aniônicos deslocaram-se mais rapidamente do que o fluxo eletro-osmótico e o ácido oleico foi detectado em 16 minutos. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram, respectivamente, de 24 e 81 μmol L-1. Tais resultados demonstram que baixos teores deste ácido graxo podem ser quantitativamente determinados no óleo de soja sem a necessidade de extração prévia, como requerem outros métodos

    Erstes Kapitel. Allgemeine Lehren

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    A. Sprachwissenschaft und Kulturgeschichte im Allgemeinen.

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