Spectrophotometric Indirect Determination of Captopril through Redox Reaction with n-bromosuccinimide and RB dye in Pharmaceutical Products

A simple, accurate, and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of captopril in bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on the bromination of captopril with excess solution of n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in HCl acid medium. The excess NBS is pursued by the assessment of the residual NBS based on its ability to bleach the rhodamine B dye and measuring the absorbance at 555 nm. The amount of NBS reacted coincides to the drug content. The different experimental parameters influencing the development and stability of the color are precisely studied and optimized. Beer’s law is valid within a concentration range of 0.3–1.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.991. The limit of detection 0.169 μg/mL is attained and relative standard deviation values for five replicated measurements of 0.3, 0.7, and 1.0 μg/mL captopril were between 0.53% and 2.03%. No interference is detected from prevalent additives found in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is profitably put on to the determination of captopril in the tablet formulations with mean recoveries 98.91–101.27% and the results were statistically confronted with those of a reference method by applying Student’s t-and F-test

On the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) using FPGA

In this paper,  non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is designed and implemented for the fifth generation (5G) of multi-user wireless communication.  Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is considered for the implementation of this technique for two users. NOMA is applied in downlink phase of the base-station (BS) by applying power allocation mechanism for far and near users, in which one signal contains the superposition of two scaled signals depending on the distance of each user from the BS.  We assume an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for each user in the presence of the interference due to the non-orthogonality between the two users’ signals. Therefore, successive-interference cancellation (SIC) is exploited to remove the undesired signal of the other user. The outage probability and the bit-error rate performance are presented over different signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Furthermore, Monte-Carlo simulations via Matlab are utilized to verify the results obtained by FPGA, which show exact-close match

Radium and Uranium Concentrations of Powder Juice in the Iraq Markets Using CR-39 Detector

استخدمت مسحوق العصائر بصورة واسعة بسبب رخص ثمنها مقارنة بالعصائر الطازجة. هذه العصائر ربما تحتوي على بعض المواد المشعة. كان الهدف من الدراسة قياس تراكيز الراديوم واليورانيوم في بعض الانواع المختارة من الاسواق لمسحوق العصائر الاكثر استخداما. قيست تراكيز العناصر المشعة باستخدام تقنية كاشف CR-39  الموضوع في اناء مغلق. تركيز فعالية الرادون في هذه الدراسة كانت ضمن المدى 57.146 -151.129  Bq/m3 وبقيمة متوسطة  107.62 Bq/m3. وهي ضمن الحدود المقبولة 100 Bq/m3 لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (WHO), واقل من  200 Bq/m3 التي هي مستوى لوائح الوقاية الوطنية الاوربية. الجرعة السنوية الفعالة للرادون تغيرت بين 1.441-3.813 mSv/y وهي ضمن المدى 0.2-10 mSv/y المحدد من قبل (UNSCEAR). تركيز الراديوم وجد بانه يتغير بين القيم  0.188-0.498  Bq/kg وبقيمة متوسطة  0.354 Bq/kg. والجرعة السنوية الفعالة للراديوم كانت ضمن المدى  1.050-2.779 μSv/y. تركيز اليورانيوم تغيرت بين 0.150-0.398 ppm وبقيمة متوسطة 0.283 ppm. والجرعة السنوية الفعالة لليورانيوم كانت ضمن المدى 1.669-4.414  μSv/y. هذا البحث يساهم في تعريف وقياس الفعالية المحددة للعناصر المشعة الموجودة في مسحوق العصائر المتناولة بكثرة في العراق وبينت الدراسة ان هذه الانواع من العصائر امنة للاستهلاك.Powder juices are widely used by the people in the study area because its low price compared to fresh juices. These powder juices may contain some radioactive materials. The study aimed to measure radioactivity concentrations of Radium and Uranium in the most used kinds of powder juice samples, selected from Iraq markets.  CR-39 detector with sealed can technique, used to measure the radioactive elements concentrations. The radionuclides observed in the present work are, the estimated radon activity concentration range is between 57.146-151.129 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 107.62 Bq/m3. The radon concentration mean value is within of 100 Bq/m3 the limits of (WHO) World Health Organization reference level, below of (NRPB) UK National Radiation Protection Board, and below of 200 Bq/m3 the European Commission Recommendation Level. The annual effective dose of radon varied between 1.441-3.813 mSv/y, are within the (UNSCEAR) range 0.2-10 mSv/y. Radium contents were found to vary between 0.188-0.498 Bq/kg and a mean value of 0.354 Bq/kg. The radium effective annual dose ranged between 1.050-2.779 μSv/y. The concentrations of uranium are in the range between 0.150-0.398 ppm with men value of 0.283 ppm. The effective annual dose of uranium varied between 1.669-4.414 μSv/y. This work helped in identifying and measuring the specified activity of radionuclide present in powdered fruit juices consuming in Iraq and showed that these kinds of powder juice are safe for consumption

Evaluating Diagnostic Validity of Various Sagittal Cephalometric Parameters (a Comparative Retrospective Study)

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of numerous skeletal analyses for determining the sagittal skeletal pattern. Methods: A total of 105 cephalometric x-rays were used. The Steiner’s ANB angle, anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), and angle of convexity by Down’s assessed the anteroposterior skeletal pattern. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the criteria, the samples were divided into three classes: I, II, and III. The analyses' validity and reliability were assessed using Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity. Results: There was a moderate agreement between the ANB angle and the final diagnosis (K= 0.593). The ANB angle demonstrated the highest sensitivity in class II and III groups (1.00). Conclusions: The ANB angle and down's angle of convexity was the most accurate markers for class I and III groups, respectively, while the Down's angle of convexity and APDI were the most accurate indicators for class III group

Evaluating the effect of voice activity detection in isolated Yoruba word recognition system

This paper discusses and evaluates the effect of voice Activity Detection (VAD) in an isolated Yoruba word recognition system (IYWRS). The word database used in this paper are collected from 22 speakers by repeating the numbers 1 to 9 three times each. A hybrid configuration of Mel-Frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) have been used to extract the features of the speech samples. Artificial Neural Network algorithms are then used to classify these features. An overall accuracy of about 60% has been achieved from the two proposed feature extraction methods

Stranding of whale shark off Madhavpur, Gujarat

A dead male whale shark (Rhincodon typus) was found off Madhavpur coast, near the fish landing centre on morning of 28th September, 2017. The investigations were covered at the joint team of ICAR-CMFRI and Wildlife Trust of India (WTI), Veraval, Gujarat. The carcass showed an injury below the first dorsal fin but cause of its death could not be ascertained. Some measurements of the stranded whale shark were recorded before it was burie

Physical, thermal and structural properties of 1ChCl: 2 Urea based ionic liquids

Fourth generation of ionic liquids, relatively cheaper and environmental friendly, is called deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Generally, at present time are extensively recognized as novel remarkable as well as green alternative solvents to the conventional ionic liquids owing to their low cost and tolerance to moisture. DESs first came to the public vision in 2001, since then, researches and applications of deep eutectic solvents can cover, almost, all of the fields of science. In this study the physical, thermal and structural properties of 1ChCl: 2Urea based ionic liquids is reported. Firstly, the physical properties, in terms of viscosity, conductivity and density as a function of temperature are investigated intensively. Later, the microscopic structure of 1ChCl: 2Urea is studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the thermal properties, in terms of melting temperature and thermal stability, are also reported in this investigation. Overall, the obtained data and inspections are in an excellent agreement with the previous studies

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with harmonic scalpel

Background: The Harmonic scalpel (HS) has been proven to be an effective, efficient, and safe instrument for dissection and hemostasis in both open and laparoscopic surgical procedures. The primary use of the HS in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been for the division of the cystic artery and liver bed dissection. Advancements in the Harmonic scalpel blade tip now provide for the reliable ultrasonic division and closure of the cystic duct. Objectives: This study was planned to compare the clips and cautery (CC) method of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus LC using HS as regard to the safety and efficacy for symptomatic gallstone disease. Patients and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ 1st Surgical Unit at the Medical City, done on (120) patients within the period between1st October 2010 and 1st October 2011 who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstone disease. These patients have been classified into two groups Group A included 60 patients who underwent the (CC) method, and Group B included 60 patients done by (HS) method. The intraoperative and postoperative parameters were collected including duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, gallbladder perforation rate, postoperative pain, and complications. Results: HS provides a shorter operative duration than CC (34.85±6.2 min vs. 49.75±9.49 min, respectively, p=0.0001), with a significant less incidence of gallbladder perforation (6.6% vs. 20%; p= 0.032). There was no statistical difference in the conversion rate between both groups. The amount of postoperative drainage is significantly less in HS (37.98±17.25 vs. 49.18±22.65 ml; p = 0.003). No postoperative bile leak was encountered in HS, but it occurred in 3.3% of patients in CC. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain severity in HS at 24 hours postoperative was (3.95±0.74 vs. 4.94±1.34, p=0.0001). Conclusion: HS provides a complete hemobiliary stasis and is a safe alternative to standard clipping of cystic duct and artery. It provides a shorter operative duration, less incidence of gallbladder perforation, less operative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and less rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy

Establishing a New Form of Primary Impedance Standard at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

This paper investigates the possibility of using layers of graphene to form primary impedance standards for millimeter-wave rectangular metallic waveguide. It is shown that standards with values of Y?, 2Y? and 3Y? can be produced by a monolayer, bilayer, or trilayer of graphene, respectively, where Y? is the characteristic admittance of the waveguide. These standards could then be used in the calibration of vector network analyzers