28 research outputs found

    Efecto de los parámetros de suelos salinos en cuatro sitios de Hungría sobre la colonización de endomicorrizas de halófitas dominantes

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    Soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of dominant halophytes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima and Puccinellia limosa) at four locations with saline soils in Hungary. The correlations- between arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal colonisation parameters (% colonisation, % arbuscules) and soil physical, chemical and biological parameters were determined Endomycorrhiza colonisation was found to be negatively correlated with the electric conductivity of the soil paste, the salt-specific ion concentrations and the cation exchange capacity, showing the sensitivity of AM fungi at increasing salt concentrations, independently of the types of salt-specific anions. A positive correlation was detected between the mycorrhiza colonisation and the abundance of oligotroph bacteria known to be the less variable and more stable (k-strategist) group. This fact and the negative correlation found with the humus content underlines the importance of nutrient availability and the limitations of the symbiotic interactions in stressed saline or sodic soils.Se recolectaron muestras de suelo y raíces de la rizosfera de algunas halófitas dominantes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima y Puccinellia limosa) en cuatro zonas de Hungría con problemas de salinidad. Se estudiaron las correlaciones/regresiones lineares entre los siguientes parámetros, determinados en los muestreos: colonización de la raíz por micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) (% micorrizas, % arbúsculos); recuentos de microorganismos cultivables (micromicetes y microorganismos del suelo heterótrofos y oligotrófos); y como parámetros físico-químicos se determinaron las concentraciones de iones salinos específicos, pH, contenido en agua y humus (H%) de los suelos. La colonización endomicorrícica presentó una correlación negativa con la conductividad eléctrica del suelo, las concentraciones de iones salinos específicos y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico, mostrando la sensibilidad de los HMA a una salinidad creciente, independientemente de los tipos de aniones salinos específicos. Se detectó una correlación positiva entre la colonización de la raíz por micorrizas y la abundancia en la rizosfera de bacterias oligotróficas, un grupo de bacterias estable y poco variable (estrategas k). Este hecho junto con una correlación negativa con el contenido de humus (H%) demuestra la importancia que puede tener la disponibilidad de nutrientes y las limitaciones de las interacciones simbióticas en suelos salinos o sódicos con problemas

    Short communication. Effect of saline soil parameters on endomycorrhizal colonisation of dominant halophytes in four Hungarian sites

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    Soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of dominant halophytes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima and Puccinellia limosa) at four locations with saline soils in Hungary. The correlations- between arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal colonisation parameters (% colonisation, % arbuscules) and soil physical, chemical and biological parameters were determined Endomycorrhiza colonisation was found to be negatively correlated with the electric conductivity of the soil paste, the salt-specific ion concentrations and the cation exchange capacity, showing the sensitivity of AM fungi at increasing salt concentrations, independently of the types of salt-specific anions. A positive correlation was detected between the mycorrhiza colonisation and the abundance of oligotroph bacteria known to be the less variable and more stable (k-strategist) group. This fact and the negative correlation found with the humus content underlines the importance of nutrient availability and the limitations of the symbiotic interactions in stressed saline or sodic soilsSe recolectaron muestras de suelo y raíces de la rizosfera de algunas halófitas dominantes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima y Puccinellia limosa) en cuatro zonas de Hungría con problemas de salinidad. Se estudiaron las correlaciones/regresiones lineares entre los siguientes parámetros, determinados en los muestreos: colonización de la raíz por micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) (% micorrizas, % arbúsculos); recuentos de microorganismos cultivables (micromicetes y microorganismos del suelo heterótrofos y oligotrófos); y como parámetros físico-químicos se determinaron las concentraciones de iones salinos específicos, pH, contenido en agua y humus (H%) de los suelos. La colonización endomicorrícica presentó una correlación negativa con la conductividad eléctrica del suelo, las concentraciones de iones salinos específicos y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico, mostrando la sensibilidad de los HMA a una salinidad creciente, independientemente de los tipos de aniones salinos específicos. Se detectó una correlación positiva entre la colonización de la raíz por micorrizas y la abundancia en la rizosfera de bacterias oligotróficas, un grupo de bacterias estable y poco variable (estrategas k). Este hecho junto con una correlación negativa con el contenido de humus (H%) demuestra la importancia que puede tener la disponibilidad de nutrientes y las limitaciones de las interacciones simbióticas en suelos salinos o sódicos con problemas. Palabras clave adicionales: abundancia bacteriana, correlaciones, estrés salino, halófitas, parámetros del suel

    144-148 (298-09)_SC. Effect

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    The physical, chemical and biological properties of saline soils are mainly determined by their water-soluble salts. Saline and sodic soils type and morphology change according to the quality and quantity of their salt-specific ions Abstract Soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of dominant halophytes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima and Puccinellia limosa) at four locations with saline soils in Hungary. The correlations-between arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal colonisation parameters (% colonisation, % arbuscules) and soil physical, chemical and biological parameters were determined Endomycorrhiza colonisation was found to be negatively correlated with the electric conductivity of the soil paste, the salt-specific ion concentrations and the cation exchange capacity, showing the sensitivity of AM fungi at increasing salt concentrations, independently of the types of salt-specific anions. A positive correlation was detected between the mycorrhiza colonisation and the abundance of oligotroph bacteria known to be the less variable and more stable (k-strategist) group. This fact and the negative correlation found with the humus content underlines the importance of nutrient availability and the limitations of the symbiotic interactions in stressed saline or sodic soils

    Soil-plant factors, others than the type of salt-specific anions are affecting the mycorrhiza colonisation of some halophytes

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    The relationship between some soil physical-chemical characteristics, with more focus on the types of salt-specific anions and the colonisation parameters of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were examined on the most dominant halophytes, grown at four saline soils in Hungary. At site Z (Zám) mainly the chloride, at site Ny (Nyírõlapos) mainly the sulphate ions dominated in the soil samples, while at site A (Apajpuszta) and site Zsz (Zabszék) the carbonate anions were the most frequent. A large colonisation variability of the AM fungi were found in the four saline sites and the studied halophytes. Among the affecting soil-plant factors a strong host dependency was recorded with almost no mycorrhiza colonisation on Puccinellia limosa and the highest values at the Plantago maritima and Aster tripolium . As a function of the salt-levels a relative location of the halophytes could be found at each sites. The AMF colonisation intensity (M%) and functioning, measured as arbusculum richness (A%) was reduced with the overall increasing salinity, more particularly with the total cation-content of the soils. The deleterious effect of some other abiotic factors, i.e., the very poor or rich nutrient availability and the humus accumulation tended to be also negatively correlated by the mycorrhizal parameters

    Long-term effect of heavy metal loads on the mycorrhizal colonization and metal uptake of barley

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    A pot experiment was designed to study the colonization of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) host plant. Soils of the pots were collected from a long-term field microelement loading experiment on calcareous chernozem soil twelve years after 13 heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn) were applied once in four doses (0, 30, 90 and 270 mg element·kg-1 d.w.). The biomass production and element accumulation of the host plant, the various colonization values of the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) – such as colonization intensity (M %), arbusculum richness (A %) in the root system and the sporulation intensity (g-1 dry soil) in the rhizosphere – were measured. When considering the twelve-year adaptation process of the AM fungal populations at the various metal loads, a relatively balanced inside mycorrhiza colonization was found, suggesting the potentials for the selection of tolerant fungi in metal contaminated soils. The balanced infection intensity (M %) of the AM fungi and their common strategies with the host plant have resulted a nonsignificant shoot and root biomass production of barley in general. Mycorrhiza sporulation in the root system proved to be much variable and indicated the toxicity of metals and metal rates. Cd, Pb and Sr elements significantly reduced spore numbers, while a value of 34 spores·g-1 soil was counted in the case of Ni in comparison to the control’s 22 spores·g-1 soil value. Stress-defending strategies of the fungal–plant symbiosis, such as the increased arbusculum richness (A %) could be established for the Hg and Pb rates. In the case of Cd an increased root biomass production became a tool for stress alleviation and reduced the metal allocation towards the shoots. Mycorrhiza fungi are part of the common plant–microbe interactions and appropriate defending mechanisms in metal contaminated soils

    Enzimaktivitások és a fluoreszkáló pszeudomonasz csíraszámok változása a fehér lóhere (Trifolium repens L.) rizoszférájában sókezelés (NaCl) hatására

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    Üvegházi körülmények között savanyú barna erdőtalajban nevelt fehér here (Trifolium repens L.) növények rizoszférájának sókezelés hatására bekövetkező változását ellenőriztük. Megvizsgáltuk a különböző sókoncentrációknak (0, 0,2, 0,4, 0,6 és 0,8 tömeg %) a baktériumnépesség összetételére és a különböző talajenzimek aktivitására gyakorolt hatását.  Megállapítottuk, hogy a talaj sótartalma közvetlenül befolyásolta a rizoszférában található fluoreszkáló pszeudomonaszok csíraszámát. A legsűrűbb populáció a 0,2% NaCl-ot tartalmazó talajban volt mérhető, ahol a fluoreszkáló pszeudomonaszok között a Pseudomonas putida és a P. fluorescens fordultak elő a legnagyobb számban. A pszeudomonaszok ily módon jól tolerálják a talaj magas NaCl-tartalmát, és gyökérkolonizáló tevékenységet képesek kifejteni a magas NaCl-tartalmú talajban is. A sókoncentráció növelésével kezdetben (a 0,2-0,4%-os tartományban) jelentősen növekedett a dehidrogenáz, kataláz, és ureáz enzimek aktivitása. A proteáz enzimek aktivitásmaximuma a 0,1-0,2% NaCl-koncentráció tartományba esett. A 0,4%-nál magasabb koncentrációkban a kontrollhoz hasonló mértékűre csökkent mind a négy enzim aktivitása, és a baktériumok száma is. A foszfatáz- és a b-glükozidáz-tevékenység viszont a NaCl-dózis növelése következtében a koncentrációval arányosan, jelentősen csökkent a kontrollhoz viszonyítva.  Feltételezésünk szerint az enzimaktivitások változását is a sókezelés hatására bekövetkező mikrobióta összetételének megváltozása okozta
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