Short- and long-run estimates of the local effects of retirement on health

We explore the existence of short- and long-term effects of retirement on health. Short-term effects are estimated with a regression discontinuity design which is robust to weak instruments and where the underlying assumptions of continuity of potential outcomes are uncontroversial. To identify the long-term effects we propose a parametric model which, under strong assumptions, can separate normal deterioration of health from the causal effects of retirement. We apply our framework to the British Household Panel Survey and find that retirement has little effect on health. However, our estimates suggest that retirement opens the gate to a sedentary life with an impoverished social component and this is a channel through which retirement could indirectly affect health in the long run

Pension eligibility rules and the local causal effect of retirement on cognitive functioning

From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2018-01-17, rev-recd 2020-10-28, accepted 2020-11-13, pub-electronic 2021-03-23, pub-print 2021-07Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedAbstract: We propose an identification framework to evaluate the exclusion restriction in a fuzzy regression discontinuity setting, by adopting results from the literature on partial identification with invalid instrumental variables. With this framework, we provide new estimates of the effect of retirement on cognitive functioning and the first empirical analysis of the validity of an age‐based instrumental variable for retirement. Point estimates suggest an insignificant negative effect of retirement on cognitive functioning. Partial identification regions qualify this finding by suggesting that if retirement is, in fact, detrimental for cognitive functioning, then large drops are unlikely. Second, data alone cannot identify the sign of the treatment effect. In fact, our results support improvements in cognitive functioning following retirement. The bounds analysis suggest that, when studying the impact of retirement, the validity of eligibility as an instrumental variable depends on the time period considered for the analysis and that violations of the exclusion restriction are likely already in very small intervals of 8 months around the cut‐off in regression discontinuity designs

OS ECOSSISTEMAS DUNARES E A LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL BRASILEIRA

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/geouerj.2013.5546   Brazil covers various ecosystems, including the dune, a complex endowed with naturalfeatures interdependent and interconnected among them, mobile and fixed dunes,deflation plains and beaches. However, the current Brazilian environmental legislationat the federal level does not seem to understand and / or consider such relevant features,in view of the Federal Law Nº 12.651-2012 (Forestry Code) which presents the fixeddunes as a feature separate from the others, characterizing them as PermanentPreservation Areas and other features of the dune ecosystem, no. The paper presentsscientific concepts and legal reasoning that the dunes are treated as an ecosystem andthat this is protected under federal law under this fundamental premise, under the samerisks that the alleged sectorized legal protection is compromised by forms of historicaland current use and occupation of the ecosystem in the country

A PROTEÇÃO DO ECOSSISTEMA MANGUEZAL PELA LEGISLAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Apesar das características intrínsecas aos ecossistemas verificadas no manguezal, a legislação ambiental vigente nos estados do Nordeste do Brasil desconsidera tal assertiva, ao assegurar a proteção apenas de parte das formações que compõem o ecossistema manguezal, a vegetação de mangue. Deste modo, mesmo essa pretensa proteção é questionável e está sob risco, ao passo que formações pertencentes ao mesmo ecossistema, com as quais mantém relações de interdependência estão sujeitas à degradação associadas aos atuais e históricos padrões de uso e ocupação dessas formações no Nordeste Brasileiro, ao não terem sua proteção legal assegurada

Parálisis braquial obstétrica en el contexto de la rehabilitación física temprana

En la actualidad el sistema de salud cubano promueve el estudio prenatal y el seguimiento del embarazo; a pesar de esto la parálisis braquial obstétrica continúa siendo una consecuencia desafortunada tras un parto difícil y constituye uno de los traumatismos obstétricos más frecuentes. Su tratamiento ha sido tradicionalmente conservador, basado en el seguimiento multidisciplinario y consultas a los distintos especialistas para tratar las secuelas. Luego de realizar una amplia revisión bibliográfica, en este artículo se exponen la etiología, anatomía, fisiopatología, tipos de lesiones, pronóstico y evolución, secuelas, instrumentos de evaluación, tratamientos existentes y ejercicios para la parálisis braquial obstétrica

Tendência Temporal no Implante Percutâneo de Bioprótese Aórtica: Análise de 10 Anos do Registro TAVIDOR

Resumo Fundamento O implante percutâneo de bioprótese valvar aórtica (TAVI) consolidou-se como opção terapêutica da estenose aórtica de grau importante. Dados sobre as características evolutivas dos procedimentos e dos resultados obtidos com a técnica ao longo da última década, em escala nacional, são desconhecidos. Objetivos Analisar a tendência temporal referente ao perfil demográfico, características dos procedimentos e desfechos hospitalares de pacientes submetidos a TAVI na Rede D’Or São Luiz. Métodos Registro observacional envolvendo 29 instituições nacionais. Comparou-se características dos procedimentos realizados de 2012 a 2017 (Grupo 1) e de 2018 a 2023 (Grupo 2). Foram considerados significantes os resultados com valor de p 8%. Foi mais frequente o emprego de anestesia geral, monitorização ecocardiográfica transesofágica e via de acesso por dissecção. Maior taxa de sucesso do procedimento (95,4% versus 89,5%; p = 0,018) foi aferida em implantes efetivados a partir de 2018, assim como menor mortalidade (3,9% versus 11,6%; p = 0,004) e necessidade de marcapasso definitivo (8,5% versus 17,9%; p = 0,008). Conclusões A análise temporal de 10 anos do Registro TAVIDOR demonstra uma queda na complexidade clínica dos pacientes. Além disso, o avanço para técnicas de implante minimalistas, somadas à evolução tecnológica dos dispositivos, podem ter contribuído para desfechos favoráveis dentre aqueles cujo implante ocorreu no último quinquênio

Estimation and inference in regression discontinuity designs with asymmetric kernels

We study the behaviour of the Wald estimator of causal effects in regression discontinuity design when local linear regression (LLR) methods are combined with an asymmetric gamma kernel. We show that the resulting statistic is no more complex to implement than existing methods, remains consistent at the usual non-parametric rate, and maintains an asymptotic normal distribution but, crucially, has bias and variance that do not depend on kernel-related constants. As a result, the new estimator is more efficient and yields more reliable inference. A limited Monte Carlo experiment is used to illustrate the efficiency gains. As a by product of the main discussion, we extend previous published work by establishing the asymptotic normality of the LLR estimator with a gamma kernel. Finally, the new method is used in a substantive application

Count Data Stochastic Frontier Models, With An Application To The Patents-R&Amp;D Relationship

This article introduces a new count data stochastic frontier model that researchers can use in order to study efficiency in production when the output variable is a count (so that its conditional distribution is discrete). We discuss parametric and nonparametric estimation of the model, and a Monte Carlo study is presented in order to evaluate the merits and applicability of the new model in small samples. Finally, we use the methods discussed in this article to estimate a production function for the number of patents awarded to a firm given expenditure on R&D. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC