Low appendicular muscle mass is correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>After menopause, rapid bone mass loss occurs in response to hypoestrogenism. Several studies suggest that muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively associated in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be assumed that postmenopausal low appendicular muscle mass (aMM) can increase BMD loss in a short period of time.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to assess relationship of aMM with femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prospective, controlled clinical Trial including 64 women aged 45-70 years, who had not had their last menstruation for at least one year. Subjects were divided into two groups: low aMM (n = 32), and normal aMM (n-32). Femoral neck BMD and muscle mass were measured by DXA at baseline and after twelve months. Pairwise and independent t tests were used for data analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Baseline weight, BMI and muscle mass (total and appendicular) significantly differ between groups (p < 0.05). After twelve months, femoral neck BMD was significantly lower in the group with low aMM, whereas no significant difference was observed in the group with normal aMM (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In postmenopausal women, low appendicular muscle mass is associated negatively with femoral neck BMD in a short period of time.</p

Acute effect of heavy resistance exercise on vertical jump performance in young basketball players / Efeito agudo do exercício de força de alta intensidade no desempenho do salto vertical em jogadores de basquete jovens

The aims of the study were to investigate whether heavy resistance exercise (HRE) induces increase in vertical jump (JP), and to compare the effects of different HRE volumes and recovery periods on vertical JP. Nine volunteers (six men and three women), young basketball players in the juvenile category (16±1 year-old age, height of 1,72±0,09 m, body mass of 69,2±15,1 kg, fat percentile of 15,6±4,2%), performed one set of five countermovement vertical jumps (CMJ) and after four minutes of interval they executed one or three set of 5RM back half-squat exercise. Four and 10 minutes after the end of the squat exercise, the individuals performed a second set of five CMJ. No significant statistical differences (f=1.26, p=0.301) were observed among conditions (one or three set of 5RM back half-squat exercise) in CMJ performance four minutes after the end of the squat exercise. The condition 3x5RM significantly reduced the height of CMJ 10 minutes after the HRE (f=3.54, p=0.040). Based on the results, we can conclude that low (1X5RM) or high (3X5RM) volume of HRE does not improve CMJ performance after four or 10 minutes of recovery. Besides, high volume of HRE (3X5RM) induced decrease of CMJ performance in recreationally trained young basketball players. O propósito do estudo foi comparar diferentes volumes de exercício de força de alta intensidade (EFAI) e períodos de recuperação no desempenho do salto vertical de atletas de basquete jovens. Nove voluntários saudáveis (seis homens e três mulheres), jogadores de basquete da categoria juvenil (16±1 anos, altura de 1,72±0,09 m, massa corporal de 69,2±15,1 kg, percentual de gordura de 15,6±4,2%), realizaram cinco saltos contramovimento (SCM) e após quatro minutos (4min) de recuperação realizaram uma ou três séries de cinco repetições máximas (1X5RM ou 3X5RM) no meio agachamento. Quatro ou dez minutos após o fim do exercício agachamento os indivíduos realizaram novamente cinco SCM consecutivos. Não foi observada diferença (f=1.26, p=0.301) entre as condições (1x5RM e 3X5RM) no desempenho do SCM após 4min do fim do exercício agachamento. A condição 3x5RM reduziu a altura do SCM 10min após exercício de agachamento (f=3.54, p=0.040). Baseado nos resultados, nós concluímos que o EFAI de baixo (1X5RM) ou alto (3X5RM) volume não melhora o desempenho do salto vertical contramovimento, realizado após 4min ou 10min de pausa em atletas de basquete jovens.

Functional high-intensity interval training is not equivalent when compared to combined training for blood pressure improvements in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Low-volume functional high-intensity interval training (F-HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and physical function similarly to combined training (CT, gold standard protocol), however no previous studies have compared the F-HIIT equivalence with CT in reducing blood pressure in older people, particularly in postmenopausal women (PW). Therefore, the aim of this study (trial registration: NCT03200639) was designed to test whether F-HIIT of low volume is an equivalent strategy to CT for improving blood pressure (BP) in PW. Material and Method Forty-nine PW were divided into two groups: F-HIIT and CT. The F-HIIT protocol was composed of 10 sets of 60 seconds of high-intensity exercises interspersed with 60 seconds of low-intensity exercises for recovery. The CT protocol was composed of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity walking, followed by five total body resistance exercises. Both protocols were performed 3-times-a-week for 12 weeks. The BP from rest condition (before exercise) was measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention in both groups, using an automatic blood pressure monitor. The boundaries values for equivalence for systolic and diastolic BP was set at 5.14 and 2.92 mmHg, respectively. Results There was only a significant reduction (P < .05) in systolic BP in CT group from baseline (−3.2 (95% CI, −6.2 to −0.2) mmHg). The difference of systolic BP between F-HIIT and CT was 5.8 (95% CI, 1.3–10.4) mmHg, showing non-equivalence (inferiority) for F-HIIT. Conclusion Thus, these results suggest that low-volume F-HIIT protocol is not an equivalent strategy when compared to CT for BP improvements in PW

Additional file 1 of Cholesterol intake and serum total cholesterol levels are not associated with total testosterone levels in men: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013–2014

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Linear regression of quintiles of dietary cholesterol and serum total cholesterol levels with total testosterone levels in men aged 20-80 y from the NHANES, 2013-2014

Higher Protein Intake Does Not Improve Lean Mass Gain When Compared with RDA Recommendation in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a higher protein intake on lean body mass (LBM) gain in postmenopausal women practicing resistance exercise and compare it to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommendation. Twenty-three postmenopausal women (63.2 ± 7.8 years) were randomized into two groups. The group with higher protein intake (n = 11) (HP) received a dietary plan with ~1.2 g·kg−1·day−1 of protein, while the normal protein (NP) group (n = 12) was instructed to ingest ~0.8 g·kg−1·day−1 of protein (RDA recommendation). Both groups performed the same resistance training protocol, 3 times a week, with progression of the number of sets (from 1 to 6 sets) and 8–12 repetitions. The intervention occurred over 10 weeks. Body composition evaluation was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diet was evaluated by nine 24-h food recall summaries over the course of the study. During the intervention period, the HP group presented a higher protein (1.18 ± 0.3 vs. 0.87 ± 0.2 g·kg−1·day−1, p = 0.008) and leucine (6.0 ± 1.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.9 g/day, p &lt; 0.001) intake than the NP group, respectively. At the end of the intervention, there were increases in LBM both in HP (37.1 ± 6.2 to 38.4 ± 6.5 kg, p = 0.004) and in NP (37.6 ± 6.2 to 38.8 ± 6.4 kg, p &lt; 0.001), with no differences between the groups (p = 0.572). In conclusion, increased protein intake did not promote higher LBM gain when compared to RDA recommendation in postmenopausal women performing resistance exercise during 10 weeks. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125

Moderate Increase in Protein Intake Promotes a Small Additional Improvement in Functional Capacity, But Not in Muscle Strength and Lean Mass Quality, in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, n = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein&middot;kg&minus;1&middot;d&minus;1 (recommended dietary allowance&mdash;RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, n = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.2 g protein&middot;kg&minus;1&middot;d&minus;1). Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, three times/week. Muscle strength (handgrip strength and one repetition maximum test&mdash;1-RM), functional capacity and lean mass (LM) quality (muscle strength to lean mass ratio) were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by nine 24 h food recalls. After intervention, both groups increased similarly the leg extension 1-RM and handgrip strength. Regarding functional capacity tests, both groups increased the balance test score (SPPB) and 10 m walk test speed, with no differences between the groups. In addition, an increase in speed to perform the 6 min and 400 m walk tests was observed over the time, with an additional improvement in the HP group (time &times; group interaction; p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). About LM quality, leg extension 1-RM/leg LM improved over the time in both groups (p = 0.050), with no time &times; group interaction. All these significant changes had a low effect size. In conclusion, a moderate increase in protein intake promoted a small additional improvement in functional capacity, but it did not induce a greater increase in strength and LM quality after 10 weeks of resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125