Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: S. FENSTERMAKER ; C. WEST (eds.), Doing Gender, Doing Difference : inequality, power and institutional chang

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: Kathy C. CHARMAZ, Constructing Grounded Theory : a Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysi

Factors Affecting School Teachers’ Perceptions of the Instructional Benefits of Digital Technology

AbstractThe potential benefits of digital technology for teaching and learning in schools have been extensively characterized in the academic literature. However, little is known about the factors that affect teachers’ perceptions of these benefits. This state of affairs is problematic since we know that teachers’ perceptions have an impact on their teaching practices. The ultimate aim of this study was to develop and test a model of the factors affecting primary and secondary school teachers’ perceptions about the instructional benefits of digital technology in their teaching practices. Instructional benefits are defined here as the contribution of digital technology in several aspects of curriculum development such as the formulation of learning goals, the development of curriculum content and learning activities, the allocation of educational resources, and the adoption of new methods of assessment. This study used survey data gathered from 702 teachers from a 356 primary and secondary schools in Spain. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of the benefits of using digital technology for curriculum development and individual and school-level conditions. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between overall variables and teachers’ perceptions. Several significant relations were identified. Preliminary findings suggest that factors such as teaching area, digital literacy, educational ICT training, and Internet access are important predictors of teachers’ perceptions of the instructional benefits of digital technology. The outcomes of the study will help schools and teachers to enhance the use of digital technology in their teaching and learning practices

A mobile code bundle extension for application-defined routing in delay and disruption tolerant networking

Grup de recerca SENDA (Security of Network and Distributed Applications)In this paper, we introduce software code to improve Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) performance. DTN is extremely useful when source and destination nodes are intermittently connected. DTN implementations use application-specific routing algorithms to overcome those limitations. However, current implementations do not support the concurrent execution of several routing algorithms. In this paper, we contribute to this issue providing a solution that consists on extending the messages being communicated by incorporating software code for forwarding, lifetime control and prioritisation purposes. Our proposal stems from the idea of moving the routing algorithms from the host to the message. This solution is compatible with Bundle Protocol (BP) and facilitates the deployment of applications with new routing needs. A real case study based on an emergency scenario is presented to provide details of a real implementation. Several simulations are presented to prove the feasibility and usability of the system and to analyse its performance in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches

Factors affecting school teachers' perceptions of the instructional benefits of digital technology

The potential benefits of digital technology for teaching and learning in schools have been extensively characterized in the academic literature. However, little is known about the factors that affect teachers' perceptions of these benefits. This state of affairs is problematic since we know that teachers' perceptions have an impact on their teaching practices. The ultimate aim ofthis study was to develop and test a model of the factors affecting primary and secondary school teachers' perceptions about the instructional benefits of digital technology in their teaching practices. Instructional benefits are defined here as the contribution of digital technology in several aspects of curriculum development such as the formulation of learning goals, the development of curriculum content and learning activities, the allocation of educational resources, and the adoption of new methods of assessment. This study used survey data gathered from 702 teachers from a 356 primary and secondary schools in Spain. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between teacher' perceptions of the benefits of using digital technology for curriculum development and individual and school-level conditions. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between overall variables and teachers' perceptions. Several significant relations were identified. Preliminary findings suggest that factors such as teaching area, digital literacy, educational ICT training, and Internet access are important predictors of teachers' perceptions of the instructional benefits of digital technology. The outcomes of the study will help schools and teachers to enhance the use of digital technology in their teaching and learning practices

Reconsiderando la gestión de riesgos en entornos sociotécnicos

La revolución de las comunicaciones ha afectado profundamente a la estructura social de las sociedades contemporáneas avanzadas. Enzarzadas éstas en contextos de naturaleza marcadamente sociotécnica, es decir, de intrincadas interrelaciones sociales e inciertos avances tecnológicos, la gestión de riesgos deviene una práctica altamente compleja. En efecto, los entornos sociotécnicos resultantes de las tecnologías emergentes sitúan a la gestión del riesgo potencial como prioridad de los individuos, en particular, en los beneficios asumidos mediante la ciencia y la tecnología. Fruto de las dinámicas cambiantes que originan las tecnologías en la sociedad, así como de las respuestas sociales hacia aquéllas, se erigen nuevos frentes que demandan ser atendidos mediante el uso de instrumentos y la aplicación de ciertos procedimientos que se adapten a esta realidad que se impone, a lo sumo, multidimensional. Si los riesgos asociados a ciertas tecnologías se caracterizan, hoy, por la incertidumbre científica que les rodea, y ciertas prácticas reguladoras no satisfacen la confianza de los individuos, quizás debamos reflexionar y replantearnos una nueva forma de dar paso a la participación como camino hacia la creación de un consenso social.The communications revolution has profoundly affected the social structure of contemporary, advanced societies. Entangled in contexts of a markedly socio-technical nature, that is, intricate social interrelations and uncertain technological advances, the management of risk becomes a highly complex practice. In effect, socio-technical spheres, resulting from emerging technologies, situate the management of potential risk as a priority of individuals, in particular the benefits of science and technology. Fruit of the changing dynamics that originate from technologies in society, as well as from the social responses to these changes, new fronts are established, that demand the use of instruments and the application of certain procedures, adapted to this multidimensional reality. Risks associated with certain technologies are characterised today, by scientific incertainty (with which they are surrounded) and certain regulatory practices do not satisfy the trust of individuals. We should therefore, at the same time rethink and rework a new form of management which includes participation, as a path to enable the creation of social consensus

Using Sensors in Organizational Research-Clarifying Rationales and Validation Challenges for Mixed Methods

Sensor-based data are becoming increasingly widespread in social, behavioral, and organizational sciences. Far from providing a neutral window on 'reality,' sensor-based big-data are highly complex, constructed data sources. Nevertheless, a more systematic approach to the validation of sensors as a method of data collection is lacking, as their use and conceptualization have been spread out across different strands of social-, behavioral-, and computer science literature. Further debunking the myth of raw data, the present article argues that, in order to validate sensor-based data, researchers need to take into account the mutual interdependence between types of sensors available on the market, the conceptual (construct) choices made in the research process, and the contextual cues. Sensor-based data in research are usually combined with additional quantitative and qualitative data sources. However, the incompatibility between the highly granular nature of sensor data and the static, a-temporal character of traditional quantitative and qualitative data has not been sufficiently emphasized as a key limiting factor of sensor-based research. It is likely that the failure to consider the basic quality criteria of social science measurement indicators more explicitly may lead to the production of insignificant results, despite the availability of high volume and high-resolution data. The paper concludes with recommendations for designing and conducting mixed methods studies using sensors

Metodologia per a la generació de consens social en el desplegament d'infraestructures de telefonia mòbil

Aquest document de treball es centra específicament en el desenvolupament de la infraestructura de telefonia mòbil a Catalunya com a exemple de tecnologia amb profundes implicacions socials. Esdevé un intent inicial de definir les principals línies de recerca en aquest tema. El projecte que el sosté és emmarcat en el programa de recerca Negrisc, centrat a examinar la negociació del risc en les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació. Parteix d'una aproximació que reconeix la natura multidisciplinària del risc i que, per tant, exigeix una aproximació interdisciplinària al seu estudi i a la gestió subsegüent. Aquesta perspectiva emfatitza la necessitat d'integrar els punts de vista dels diferents stakeholders, incloent-hi el públic, en la gestió d'una tecnologia socialment controvertida. Aquest és un pas necessari per a permetre la generació d'algun tipus de consens en el cas del desenvolupament de la infraestructura de telefonia mòbil a Catalunya.Este documento de trabajo se encuentra específicamente centrado en el desarrollo de la infraestructura de telefonía móvil en Cataluña como ejemplo de tecnología con profundas implicaciones sociales. Es un intento inicial de definir las principales líneas de investigación en este tema. El proyecto que lo sostiene se encuentra enmarcado en el programa de investigación Negrisc, centrado en examinar la negociación del riesgo en las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación. Parte de una aproximación que reconoce la naturaleza multidisciplinaria del riesgo y que, por lo tanto, exige una aproximación interdisciplinaria a su estudio y a la subsiguiente gestión. Esta perspectiva enfatiza la necesidad de integrar los puntos de vista de los stakeholders, incluyendo al público, en la gestión de una tecnología socialmente controvertida. Éste es un paso necesario para permitir la generación de algún tipo de consenso en el caso del desarrollo de la infraestructura de telefonía móvil en Cataluña.This working paper is specifically concerned with the development of the mobile telephone infrastructure in Catalonia as an example of a technology with profound social implications. It is an initial attempt to define certain lines of research related to the topic. This project is operating within the broader Negrisc research programme, which examines the negotiation of risk in the field of information and communication technologies. It sets out from an approach which recognises the multidisciplinary nature of risk and which therefore demands an interdisciplinary approach to its study and subsequent management. This perspective stresses the necessity of integrating viewpoints of the different stakeholders, including the public, in the management of a socially controversial technology. This is seen as a necessary step to enable the generation of some sort of social consensus in the case of the rollout of the mobile phone infrastructure in Catalonia