A Comparative Study of Positive and Negative Factorials

This paper present a comparative study of the various types of positive factorial functions, among which include the conventional factorial, double factorial, quadruple factorial, superfactorial and hyperfactorial. .............

OPERATING SYSTEM SECURITY AND PENETRATION TESTING

Penetration testing is an integral part of any organization or individual that employs the use of Information Technology services. This ensures that their computing infrastructures are checked for vulnerabilities in a routine manner. This paper explains the processes and phases involved in ethical hacking. In addition, major penetration testing types available are also discussed. A Local Area Network (LAN) was designed in a virtual environment running Linux and Windows Operating Systems. We carried out a white box penetration test on the systems. Kali Linux; an open source Debian-based Linux distribution designed for penetration testing and digital forensics was used for the experiment. Several built-in tools in Kali Linux were used, while going through the main phases of penetration testing. Starting from the reconnaissance phase of the process, information about computers was gathered, the network was scanned for vulnerabilities in the scanning phase, and identified vulnerabilities were exploited in the third phase of the penetration test, which is gaining access. Backdoors to exploited system(s) were created to maintain access and event logs were deleted to prevent detection in the final phase of the proces

Synthesis of Novel Valine-based Dipeptide Carboxamide Bearing Benzene Sulfonamide Moiety as Antimalarial Agent

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(2): 176-197 Authors: James A. Ezugwu, *Ucheckukwu. C. Okoro, Mercy A. Ezeokonkwo, and China R. Bhimapaka Received 15 April 2020/Accepted 14 May 2020   Syntheses of eleven novel Valine-based dipeptide carboxamide derivatives bearing benzensulphonamide are reported. These were achieved by facile amidation reaction of p- substituted benzenesulphonamoyl alkanamides with 2-amino-4-methyl-N-substituted phenyl butanamide using classical peptide coupling reagents. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were established by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI- HRMS, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vivo antimalarial against P. berghei. Haematological analysis was also evaluated on the synthesized compounds. At 50mg/kg body weight, the compounds 8e, 8g, 8i, 8k, 8d and 8h inhibited the multiplication of the parasite by 46-71% on day seven of post-treatment exposure comparable to the 67% reduction with artemisinin

Stability Analysis of Model Regenerative Chatter of Milling Process Using First Order Least Square Full Discretization Method

Regenerative chatter is an instability phenomenon in machining operation that must be avoided if high accuracy and greater surface finish is to be achieved. It comes with its own consequences such as poor surface finish, low accuracy, excessive noise, tool wear and low material removal rate (MRR). In this paper, an analytical method base on first order least square approximation full-discretization method is use for the stability analysis on the plane of axial depth and radial depths of cut. A detail computational algorithm has been developed for the purpose of delineating stability lobe diagram into stable and unstable regions using mathematical models. These algorithms enabled the performance of sensitivity analysis. From the results axial depth of cut enhances the unstable region and suppresses the stable region. This means that inverse relationship exists between the axial and limiting radial depths of cut thus highlighting the need to determine the maximum value of their product for achieving maximized MRR thereby reducing the chatter in the milling process. It is also seen that the peak radial depths of cut occasioned by the lobbing effects occur at fixed spindle speeds irrespective of the axial depth of cut. Similarly, the rise in spindle speed enhances the stable region and suppresses the unstable region. This means that for us to have chatter-free milling process, parameters like axial and radial depths of cut should be carefully selected together at high machining speed. With these behaviour, one can locate the productive spindle speed at which the lobbing effects occur and depths of cut combination for the operator

How well Nigerian radiographers adhere to pediatrics-specific protocols during computed tomography procedures

INTRODUCTION: Enormously high-dose procedures such as computed tomography requires pediatrics-specific protocols due to high tissue radio-sensitivity and higher lifetime attributable cancer risks. It’s not known if radiographers in Nigeria consider this fact at all times.This work aimed to survey head computed tomography dose in Nigeria for evidence of pediatric- specific practice. METHODS: The census of CT scanners was undertaken prospectively across the country from June 2019 to September 2021, while the dose survey was undertaken retrospectively in 14 facilities distributed evenly across the geopolitical zones between February to September 2021. Data on computed tomography installations were supplied by radiographers spread across the country. A dose survey involving 490 and 700 pediatrics and adult patients emanated from fourteen of those facilities. Doses were extracted from on-screen volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose- length product (DLP) in non-contrast investigations. RESULTS: There were 209 CT scanners installed in Nigeria as of September 2021, with a triennial growth rate of 12.4% (n = 26). Monthly patient throughput for all CT requests was ≤ 41,412 with pediatric cases accounting for 10.4 % (n = 4,311). Mean head dose for pediatrics and adults with CTDIvol (41/58 mGy) and DLP (922/1198 mGy-cm) appeared different prima facie. However, a paired - sample t-test gave statistically significant difference in the CTDIvol (p = 0.001), but not with DLP (p = 0.055). CONCLUSION: The installation of CT scanners is on the increase in Nigeria. Pediatric and adult CT dose had minimal differences. Given the higher lifetime attributable cancer risks for pediatrics, this should be worrisome. This calls for pediatric- specific protocol design and enforcement by relevant regulatory agencies, as well as meticulous optimization of protection from radiation by radiation practitioners

EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT PORTAL FOR TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY LAFIA

A study was carried out on the analysis, design and implementation of a Web-based examination management system in Federal University Lafia. A step by step data flow diagram was created as a guide for application developers towards building a more flexible student information system for the university. Using the design, enhanced and intelligent computer software for result computation, integrated with a dedicated database for storing processed results and other relevant records was developed to simplify the University grading system and overcome the short-comings of existing examination packages. An empirical evaluation and comparison of the system with other similar systems shows that it will equally expedite the processing of students' records, semester results and transcripts at various levels and offer a faster, secured management and access to students' results On-line. This system is more efficient and provides substantial benefits for both the University management and students as observed in its implementation

Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of dacryodes klaineana pierre (burseraceae)

ABSTRACT. Dacryodes klaineana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of painful menstruation; tachycardia and cough. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plant. The extract and fractions of D. klaineana were screened for their antioxidant effects using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total phenolic contents (TPC) assay methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was evaluated using the agar diffusion method against four different bacterialstrains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The crude methanol extract (MLE), hexane fraction (MLHF), ethyl acetate fraction (MLEF) and butanol fraction (MLBF) produced dose-dependent antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP assays. The antioxidant activity of MLEF was comparable to the standard drug, ascorbic acid. MLEF also gave the highest content of total phenol content with a percent gallic acid equivalent of 100.68 ± 1.17 mg GAE/g. The extract and fractions were active against the bacteria species, but inactive against the fungi species. The study demonstrated that the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of D. klaineana may offer a promising source of new antioxidants and antimicrobials in the ethnomedicinal management of diseases.                 KEY WORDS: Medicinal plant, FRAP, TPC, DPPH, Antioxidant, Dacryodes klaineana   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 85-94.                                                                   DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.8                                                       &nbsp

Preservation of Traditional Bone setting (TBS) skills among Nkpologu and Uvuru in Uzo-Uwani LGA of Enugu State Nigeria

Abstract Traditional bone setting has existed from time immemorial in most African communities and had formed part of African culture. The preservation of traditional bone setting (TBS) skills among Nkpologu and Uvuru communities in Uzo Uwani LGA of Enugu state formed the focus of the study. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the study using an in-depth interview as a means of data gathering. The population of the study comprises of the three famous bone setters in Nkpologu and Uvuru respectively and few clients available in their clinics at the time of the study. The researchers visited the practitioners one on one to elicit information on the origin of bone setting in Nkpologu and Uvuru people; the skills required in bone setting; The health implication of bone setting in the area; the challenges encountered in traditional bone setting; and the preservation strategies for traditional bone setting in Nkpologu and Uvuru. The study revealed that the practice of bone setting is usually from ancestral heritage while others tagged the knowledge to revelation through dreams or trance and apprenticeship. The practice had affected many lives positively in the places and beyond. The challenges facing the TBS in the areas of study includes derogation from the orthodox practitioners, and mal practice among some practitioner, the researchers recommend among other things that a regulatory body be set up by the government to oversee the affairs of these practitioners

HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a cross-sectional study of primary school teachers

Background: Teachers are in advantage position to propagate correct information with regard to HIV/AIDS thereby influencing attitude towards PLWHA. With correct information stigmatization leading to spread of the scourge might be prevented. Aims & Objectives: The study was conducted to determine knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers towards PLWHA. Methods & Materials: The cross-sectional survey was used to study a sample of 400 primary school teachers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The instrument used for data collection was researchers\u2019 designed questionnaire. Out of 400 copies of questionnaire administered; 394 representing 98.5% return rate, were used for analysis of data. Results: Results showed respondents had moderate (57.4%) knowledge concerning HIV/AIDS and positive attitude (3.09 \ub1 0.98) to PLWHA. Female teachers\u2019 dispositions to PLWHA were better than the males based on their attitude scores and the difference was not significant in general knowledge of HIV/AIDS and attitude to PLWHA. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the need for a universal health education programme, focusing on HIV/AIDS education, in education institutions that train teachers in Nigeria so as to possibly mitigate the discrepancy in knowledge regarding curability of AIDS and any undesirable attitude towards PLWHA that may arise among teachers

Preservation of Traditional Bone setting (TBS) skills among Nkpologu and Uvuru in Uzo-Uwani LGA of Enugu State Nigeria

Abstract Traditional bone setting has existed from time immemorial in most African communities and had formed part of African culture. The preservation of traditional bone setting (TBS) skills among Nkpologu and Uvuru communities in Uzo Uwani LGA of Enugu state formed the focus of the study. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the study using an in-depth interview as a means of data gathering. The population of the study comprises of the three famous bone setters in Nkpologu and Uvuru respectively and few clients available in their clinics at the time of the study. The researchers visited the practitioners one on one to elicit information on the origin of bone setting in Nkpologu and Uvuru people; the skills required in bone setting; The health implication of bone setting in the area; the challenges encountered in traditional bone setting; and the preservation strategies for traditional bone setting in Nkpologu and Uvuru. The study revealed that the practice of bone setting is usually from ancestral heritage while others tagged the knowledge to revelation through dreams or trance and apprenticeship. The practice had affected many lives positively in the places and beyond. The challenges facing the TBS in the areas of study includes derogation from the orthodox practitioners, and mal practice among some practitioner, the researchers recommend among other things that a regulatory body be set up by the government to oversee the affairs of these practitioners