The Photosynthetic Function of Manganese and Chloride

Author Institution: Charles F. Kettering Foundation, Yellow Springs, Ohi

Photoswitchable Particles for On‐Demand Degradation and Triggered Release

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100171/1/smll_201201921_sm_suppl.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100171/2/3051_ftp.pd

Overconfident Investors, Predictable Returns, and Excessive Trading

The last several decades have witnessed a shift away from a fully rational paradigm of financial markets toward one in which investor behavior is influenced by psychological biases. Two principal factors have contributed to this evolution: a body of evidence showing how psychological bias affects the behavior of economic actors; and an accumulation of evidence that is hard to reconcile with fully rational models of security market trading volumes and returns. In particular, asset markets exhibit trading volumes that are high, with individuals and asset managers trading aggressively, even when such trading results in high risk and low net returns. Moreover, asset prices display patterns of predictability that are difficult to reconcile with rational-expectations–based theories of price formation. In this paper, we discuss the role of overconfidence as an explanation for these patterns

Macromol. Rapid Commun. 8/2012

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91153/1/11110_ftp.pd

Super Stretchable Electroactive Elastomer Formation Driven by Aniline Trimer Self-Assembly

Biomedical electroactive elastomers with a modulus similar to that of soft tissues are highly desirable for muscle, nerve, and other soft tissue replacement or regeneration but have rarely been reported. In this work, superiorly stretchable electroactive polyurethane-urea elastomers were designed based on poly­(lactide), poly­(ethylene glycol), and aniline trimer (AT). A strain at break higher than 1600% and a modulus close to soft tissues was achieved from these copolymers. The mechanisms of super stretchability of the copolymer were systematically investigated. Crystallinity, chemical cross-linking, ionic cross-linking, and hard domain formation were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sphere-like hard domains self-assembled from AT segments were found to provide the crucial physical interactions needed for the novel super elastic material formation. These super stretchable copolymers were blended with conductive fillers such as polyaniline nanofibers and nanosized carbon black to achieve a high electric conductivity of 0.1 S/cm while maintaining an excellent stretchability and a modulus similar to that of soft tissues (lower than 10 MPa)

3D Jet Writing: Functional Microtissues Based on Tessellated Scaffold Architectures

The advent of adaptive manufacturing techniques supports the vision of cell-instructive materials that mimic biological tissues. 3D jet writing, a modified electrospinning process reported herein, yields 3D structures with unprecedented precision and resolution offering customizable pore geometries and scalability to over tens of centimeters. These scaffolds support the 3D expansion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Implantation of these constructs leads to the healing of critical bone defects in vivo without exogenous growth factors. When applied as a metastatic target site in mice, circulating cancer cells home in to the osteogenic environment simulated on 3D jet writing scaffolds, despite implantation in an anatomically abnormal site. Through 3D jet writing, the formation of tessellated microtissues is demonstrated, which serve as a versatile 3D cell culture platform in a range of biomedical applications including regenerative medicine, cancer biology, and stem cell biotechnology

3D Jet Writing: Functional Microtissues Based on Tessellated Scaffold Architectures

The advent of adaptive manufacturing techniques supports the vision of cell-instructive materials that mimic biological tissues. 3D jet writing, a modified electrospinning process reported herein, yields 3D structures with unprecedented precision and resolution offering customizable pore geometries and scalability to over tens of centimeters. These scaffolds support the 3D expansion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Implantation of these constructs leads to the healing of critical bone defects in vivo without exogenous growth factors. When applied as a metastatic target site in mice, circulating cancer cells home in to the osteogenic environment simulated on 3D jet writing scaffolds, despite implantation in an anatomically abnormal site. Through 3D jet writing, the formation of tessellated microtissues is demonstrated, which serve as a versatile 3D cell culture platform in a range of biomedical applications including regenerative medicine, cancer biology, and stem cell biotechnology