12 research outputs found

    Essai de domestication de lentinus squarrosulus mont. a partir d’une souche du Gabon

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    Dans le cadre d’un vaste programme de valorisation des ressources biologiques initiĂ© par les autoritĂ©s gabonaises en vue de garantir la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des populations locales, une souche sauvage de Lentinus squarrosulus rĂ©coltĂ©e au nord du Gabon, a Ă©tĂ© mise en culture en utilisant essentiellement des matĂ©riaux locaux. Au cours de ce processus, cinq principales Ă©tapes ont Ă©tĂ© mise en Ɠuvre; il s’agit notamment de la production du blanc de semis et du substrat de culture, du lardage du substrat, de l’incubation et de la  fructification du champignon. La production du blanc regroupe les Ă©tapes qui ont obligatoirement Ă©tĂ© exĂ©cutĂ©es dans un laboratoire parfaitement Ă©quipĂ© en vue de garantir des conditions d’asepsie rigoureuses, tandis que la production du substrat de culture, l’inoculation et l’incubation ont parfaitement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  l’échelle villageoise en utilisant du matĂ©riel de fabrication traditionnelle; notamment une unitĂ© de pasteurisation constituĂ©e d’un fĂ»t en aluminium de 250 litres muni d’étagĂšres et d’une chambre contenant de l’eau, ainsi qu’une armoire traditionnelle d’inoculation. Par ce processus, quatre-vingt sacs de 1kg ont Ă©tĂ© inoculĂ©s dont quatorze ont montrĂ© un trĂšs bon envahissement mycĂ©lien et une fructification satisfaisante; ce qui donne un rendement en terme de sac d’environ 17 %. Cependant, cinquante-six sacs n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© bien envahis par le mycĂ©lium et n’ont donc pas donnĂ© de champignon, de plus dix sacs ont Ă©tĂ© contaminĂ©s. Mots clĂ©s : domestication, souche sauvage, Lentinus squarrosulus, matĂ©riaux locaux, Gabon English title: Domestication test of lentinus squarrosulus mont. from a Gabon strain As part of a vast program to develop biological resources initiated by the Gabonese authorities with a view to guaranteeing food security for local populations, a wild strain of Lentinus squarrosulus harvested in northern Gabon was cultivated using mainly local materials. During this process, five main steps were implemented; these include the production of seedling white and growing medium, larding of the substrate, incubation and fruiting of the fungus. The production of the blank includes the steps which must have been carried out in a perfectly equipped laboratory in order to guarantee rigorous aseptic conditions, while the production of the culture substrate, inoculation and incubation have been perfectly carried out at village scale using traditional manufacturing  equipment; including a pasteurization unit consisting of a 250-liter aluminum drum with shelves and a chamber containing water, as well as a traditional inoculation cabinet. By this method, eighty bags (1kg) were inoculated, fourteen of which showed very good mycelial invasion and satisfactory fruiting; which gives a yield of around 17%. However, fifty-six bags were not well invaded by the mycelium and therefore did not give a fungus, and ten bags were contaminated. Keywords: domestication, wild strain, Lentinus squarrosulus, local materials, Gabo

    Batch experiments on the removal of U(VI) ions in aqueous solutions by adsorption onto a natural clay surface

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    The efficiency of the clay from Bikougou deposit (Gabon) as adsorbent for removing U(VI) ions dissolved artificially in aqueous solutions has been studied. Batch experiments have been performed for that by varying pH, U(VI) ions solution concentration, ionic solution strength, clay dosage, interaction duration and temperature. The U(VI) ions uptake per unit mass of clay, increases with the increase in pH (2-7), U(VI) ions solution concentrations and temperature. It decreases with the increase in ionic solution strength and clay dosage. The adsorption isotherm is best described by Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich isotherm model. The kinetics of the adsorption of U(VI) ions on clay surface follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the interaction realized spontaneously is exothermic. The mean values of thermodynamic constants ?H°, ?S° and ?G° obtained at 308k are respectively-62.54kJ/mol, -0.18kJ/K.mol and -8.68 kJ/mol. Keywords: Adsorption capacity, adsorbent, U(VI) ions solution, isotherm model, distribution constan

    <I>Gerronema hungo</I>, a comb. nov. for a poorly known central African edible mushroom

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    La combinaison nouvelle Gerronema hungo (Henn.) Degreef &amp; Eyi (Tricholomataceae) est proposĂ©e pour une espĂšce comestible rĂ©coltĂ©e en forĂȘt dense humide d\u27Afrique centrale et apprĂ©ciĂ©e des populations locales.The new combination Gerronema hungo (Henn.) Degreef &amp; Eyi (Tricholomataceae) is proposed for an edible species collected in the central African rainforest and appreciated by the local populations.</p

    Etude des champignons de la forĂȘt dense humide consommĂ©s par les populations du Nord du Gabon

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    Les populations du nord du Gabon consomment 39 taxons de champignons. Pour mieux connaĂźtre les taxons consommĂ©s et collecter des informations sur leur Ă©cologie, une Ă©tude fondĂ©e sur les connaissances mycologiques traditionnelles de ces populations et des observations de terrain a Ă©tĂ© entreprise dans les provinces de l’OgoouĂ©-Ivindo et du Woleu-Ntem situĂ©es dans le nord du pays. Au cours de cette Ă©tude basĂ©e sur une enquĂȘte ethnomycologique menĂ©e sur les axes routiers Makokou-MĂ©kambo et Oyem-Minvoul, ainsi que dans les villages pygmĂ©es des environs, deux cents personnes dont les PygmĂ©es Baka et Bakoya, et les Bantu Fang, Kota et KwĂ©lĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©es (100 personnes par province visitĂ©e).Cette Ă©tude a permis non seulement d'Ă©tablir la correspondance entre les noms scientifiques et les noms vernaculaires attribuĂ©s aux champignons dans les cinq langues locales Ă©tudiĂ©es, mais aussi de recueillir d'autres informations liĂ©es aux connaissances mycologiques traditionnelles des populations enquĂȘtĂ©es. Des descriptions macroscopiques et microscopiques dĂ©taillĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© faites pour tous les taxons inventoriĂ©s.L’étude a Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© qu’il existe des diffĂ©rences significatives tant en ce qui concerne le nombre de taxons que les quantitĂ©s de champignons consommĂ©s par les diffĂ©rents groupes ethniques: les PygmĂ©es vivant uniquement de la chasse et de la cueillette consomment 96% des taxons inventoriĂ©s et des quantitĂ©s Ă©levĂ©es de champignons (environ 3 kg / jour / famille). Les Bantu vivant Ă  l’écart de ces derniers consomment Ă©galement des quantitĂ©s de champignons assez Ă©levĂ©es (environ 2 kg / jour / famille) mais un nombre rĂ©duit de taxons (56% des taxons inventoriĂ©s pour les Fang; 69% pour les Kota; 39% pour les KwĂ©lĂ©). Par contre, les Bantu vivant Ă  proximitĂ© des PygmĂ©es connaissent et consomment un grand nombre de taxons (environ 90% des taxons inventoriĂ©s) mais mangent de plus faibles quantitĂ©s de champignons que leurs congĂ©nĂšres Ă©loignĂ©s des PygmĂ©es (environ 800 g / jour / famille).Plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement, l’étude a montrĂ© que les connaissances mycologiques traditionnelles de ces populations varient en fonction de l’activitĂ© pratiquĂ©e, de l’ñge, de l’ethnie et du sexe. Les meilleures connaissances mycologiques sont dĂ©tenues par les chasseurs et les pĂȘcheurs qui identifient environ 80% des taxons. Chez les PygmĂ©es, les connaissances mycologiques des hommes et des femmes sont trĂšs diversifiĂ©es et identiques, alors que chez les Bantu, les femmes connaissent mieux les champignons (plus de 50% des taxons identifiĂ©s) que les hommes (Ă  peine 30% des taxons identifiĂ©s). Cependant, quel que soit le groupe ethnique, les reprĂ©sentants de la population active connaissent mieux les champignons (85% des taxons identifiĂ©s) que les jeunes et les personnes du troisiĂšme Ăąge (environ 30% des taxons identifiĂ©s).Les champignons les plus apprĂ©ciĂ©s par ces populations appartiennent au genre Termitomyces dont les espĂšces les plus recherchĂ©es sont T. fuliginosus, T. robustus et T. microcarpus.Une Ă©tude comparative des champignons consommĂ©s au Gabon et dans d’autres pays d’Afrique tropicale a montrĂ© que les champignons consommĂ©s au Gabon le sont Ă©galement au BĂ©nin, au Burundi, au Cameroun, en RĂ©publique centrafricaine, en RD Congo, au Malawi, en Tanzanie
 et que, aprĂšs la RD Congo (21 taxons inventoriĂ©s), le Gabon prĂ©sente la plus grande diversitĂ© de taxons consommĂ©s dans le genre Cantharellus (14 taxons inventoriĂ©s). Par contre, sur une trentaine de taxons de Termitomyces signalĂ©s en Afrique tropicale, le Gabon est le pays qui prĂ©sente la plus faible diversitĂ© (7 taxons inventoriĂ©s). Une compilation des donnĂ©es bibliographiques a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le nombre de champignons symbiontes comestibles signalĂ©s en Afrique tropicale est de loin plus Ă©levĂ© en forĂȘt claire qu’en forĂȘt dense (12 taxons de chanterelles sur les 28 inventoriĂ©s en Afrique tropicale sont propres Ă  la forĂȘt claire contre 2 taxons Ă  la forĂȘt dense; 15 taxons de Termitomyces sur 30 sont propres Ă  la forĂȘt claire contre 5 taxons Ă  la forĂȘt dense). Mots-clĂ©s: champignons comestibles, PygmĂ©es, Bantu, ethnomycologie, GabonDoctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    Champignons consommés par les Pygmées du Gabon: analyse linguistique des myconymes baka et kóya

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    Le prĂ©sent article porte sur le vocabulaire relatif Ă  quatre cents spĂ©cimens de champignons reprĂ©sentatifs de 29 taxons comestibles qui ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s parmi deux communautĂ©s pygmĂ©es du Gabon : les Baka et les BakĂłya. Ce vocabulaire myconymique spĂ©cifique en kĂłya (langue bantoue) et baka (langue oubanguienne) dĂ©signant les mĂȘmes espĂšces de champignons est analysĂ© sur les plans formel et sĂ©mantique. Cette analyse linguistique dĂ©voile les stratĂ©gies lexicales dont les deux populations forestiĂšres se sont servies pour dĂ©nommer les champignons qu’ils consomment ainsi que les motivations sĂ©mantiques et les mĂ©canismes cognitifs quiles sous‑tendent. Il est aussi dĂ©montrĂ© que le kĂłya et le baka ne partagent aucun myconyme, ce qui aurait pu ĂȘtre l’indice de la subsistance d’une langue pygmĂ©e d’origine, perdue au profit des langues bantoues et oubanguiennes empruntĂ©es.This article discusses the vocabulary relating to four hundred mushroom specimens representative of 29 edible taxons, collected from two Pygmy communities in Gabon, the Baka and the BakĂłya. This specific myconymic vocabulary in KĂłya (a Bantu language) and Baka (an Ubangi language) designating the same mushroom species is analysed from a formal and semantic point of view. The linguistic analysis reveals the lexical strategies used by the two forest-based populations to designate the mushrooms they consume, as well as the underlying semantic motivations and cognitive mechanisms. The study also shows that KĂłya and Baka share no myconyms, which otherwise could have indicated the existence of an original Pygmy language lost in favour of the Bantu and Ubangi languages to which they shifted

    Champignons consommés par les Pygmées du Gabon : analyse linguistique des myconymes baka et kóya

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    This article discusses the vocabulary relating to four hundred mushroom specimens representative of 29 edible taxa, collected from two pygmy communities in Gabon, the Baka and the BakĂłya. This specific myconymic vocabulary in KĂłya (a Bantu language) and Baka (an Ubangi language) designating the same mushroom species is analysed on the formal and semantic levels. The linguistic analysis reveals the lexical strategies used by the two forest-based populations to designate the mushrooms they consume, as well as the underlying semantic motivations and cognitive mechanisms. The study also shows that KĂłya and Baka share no myconym, which could have indicated the existence of an original pygmy language lost in favour of borrowed Bantu and Ubangi languages.Le prĂ©sent article porte sur le vocabulaire relatif Ă  quatre cents spĂ©cimens de champignons reprĂ©sentatifs de 29 taxons comestibles qui ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s parmi deux communautĂ©s pygmĂ©es du Gabon : les Baka et les BakĂłya. Ce vocabulaire myconymique spĂ©cifique en kĂłya (langue bantue) et baka (langue oubanguienne) dĂ©signant les mĂȘmes espĂšces de champignons est analysĂ© sur les plans formel et sĂ©mantique. Cette analyse linguistique dĂ©voile les stratĂ©gies lexicales dont les deux populations forestiĂšres se sont servies pour dĂ©nommer les champignons qu’ils consomment ainsi que les motivations sĂ©mantiques et les mĂ©canismes cognitifs qui les sous-tendent. Il est aussi dĂ©montrĂ© que le kĂłya et le baka ne partagent aucun myconyme, ce qui aurait pu ĂȘtre l’indice de la subsistance d’une langue pygmĂ©e d’origine, perdue au profit des langues bantue et oubanguienne empruntĂ©es.Koni Muluwa Joseph, Eyi Ndong Hugues Calixte, Degreef JĂ©rĂŽme, Bostoen Koen A. G. Champignons consommĂ©s par les PygmĂ©es du Gabon : analyse linguistique des myconymes baka et kĂłya. In: Africana Linguistica 19, 2013. pp. 109-135

    [Immunization coverage of children aged 0 to 5 years in Libreville (Gabon).]

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    International audienceThe strategies recently implemented in Gabon have been effective in improving immunization coverage. These include, in particular, the integration of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in primary health care centers, the integration of immunization outside of EPI, immunization by peripheral health centers according to pre-set advanced strategies, and awareness and catch-up campaigns. This descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 October 2007 through 30 January 2008, throughout public- and private-sector health care centers in the town of Libreville. In the public sector, where health care is free, the study took place at the largest health facility in the country, the Hospital Center of Libreville (HCL), at Estuary Mélen Hospital (on the outskirts of Libreville), at Nkembo Hospital, which houses the EPI offices, and the 5 Maternal and Child Health centers (MCH) where vaccine monitoring is done. Monitoring in the private sector covered only the three largest clinics, where vaccine monitoring is done, all of which agreed to participate. After obtaining informed consent from the parents or guardian accompanying the child, a semi-structured interview according to a standardised questionnaire was conducted to collect socioeconomic and demographic data, including age, sex, recruitment site, place of residence, number of siblings, parental origin, ethnicity of head of household, type of family (couple or single parent), mother's age, level of education, employment and socio-economic status, as determined by the head of household's monthly income (in three categories: 1) low income, at or below the minimum wage, set at 80 000 FCFA (120 euros); 2) average income, from more than 80 000 FCFA to 300 000 FCFA (458 euros); and 3) high income over 300 000 FCFA. After the interview, the child's vaccination booklet was carefully examined to identify the types of antigen, number of doses administered, age at vaccination, and the regularity of the monitoring. Parents were asked to explain the reasons for any delays in or absences of vaccinations. EPI vaccines administered to children aged 0 to 11 months include: BCG (Calmette-Guérin bacillus); DPT3 (3rd combination dose for Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis); Hib3 (3rdd dose of Haemophilus influenza b); OPV3 (3rd dose of oral polio vaccine); IPV3 (3rd dose of injectable polio vaccine, often in combination); HEB3 (3rd dose of Hepatitis B); yellow fever vaccine; and measles vaccine. The non-EPV vaccines for children aged 12 to 59 months included: HiB4; DPT4; HEB4; IPV4; MMR (combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella); meningococcal vaccine A and C; Typhim Vi (typhoid polysaccharide vaccine); and Pneumo 23 (pneumococcal vaccine.) Results: The study included 1001 children: 533 boys (53.2%) and 468 girls (46.8%), for a sex ratio of 1.1. The mean age of the sample was 12.0 ± 13.1 months, distributed as follows: 64.5% aged 0 to 11 months; 20.1% aged 12 to 24 months; and 15.4% aged 25 to 59 months. In all, 175 children (17.5%) came from the private sector, and 826 children (82.5%) from the public sector. Both parents lived with 696 children (69.5%), while the remaining 305 children (30.5%) lived with their mother. The mothers' mean age was 26 years (min/max: 15/49 years); 61.3% had completed secondary education, 19.1% superior level, 10.6% primary level and 9.0% had no education at all. Almost 37% of mothers had some sort of paid employment. Household income was distributed as follows: low income for 18.6%, average income for 47.2%, and high income for 34.3% of the families interviewed. The average number of children under the age of 15 in a household was 3 (±2). Among children aged 0 to 11 months, the EPI antigens had the highest vaccination coverage rates, and these rates were higher in the private sector (more than 80% to 99% for some). Overall, the BCG scar was seen in 98.5% of all children; in the private sector 90.2% had received the third dose of the DTC/VPO-IPV vaccine, and in the public sector, 74.5%. The measles vaccination rate in the private sector was 82.5% compared with 64.4% in the public sector. The rates of coverage for antigens not included in the EPI varied from 50.8% to 74.2% in the private sector and from 6.2% to 32.5% in the public sector. The vaccine with the least coverage was the pneumococcal: only 3.2% and were vaccinated against this in the private sector and 0.8% in the public sector. The principal reasons for non-immunization were lack of financial resources (n = 283, 28.3%), in particular, for booster up vaccines and those recommended by the EPI, lack of information (n = 259, 25.9%), forgetfulness (n = 217, 21.7%), neglect (n = 113, 11.3%), sick child (n = 80, 8%), vaccine not available (n = 19, 1.9%), wrong information (n = 15, 1.5%), travel (n = 14, 1.4%), mother sick (n = 12, 1.2%) and lack of time (n = 18, 1.8%). Finally, the direct cost of good vaccination coverage for boosters was 42,245 FCFA (74 euros) in the public sector and 54,800 FCFA (84 euros) in the private sector
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