On safe post-selection for Bell tests with ideal detectors: Causal diagram approach

Reasoning about Bell nonlocality from the correlations observed in post-selected data is always a matter of concern. This is because conditioning on the outcomes is a source of non-causal correlations, known as a selection bias, rising doubts whether the conclusion concerns the actual causal process or maybe it is just an effect of processing the data. Yet, even in the idealised case without detection inefficiencies, post-selection is an integral part of experimental designs, not least because it is a part of the entanglement generation process itself. In this paper we discuss a broad class of scenarios with post-selection on multiple spatially distributed outcomes. A simple criterion is worked out, called the all-but-one principle, showing when the conclusions about nonlocality from breaking Bell inequalities with post-selected data remain in force. Generality of this result, attained by adopting the high-level diagrammatic tools of causal inference, provides safe grounds for systematic reasoning based on the standard form of multipartite Bell inequalities in a wide array of entanglement generation schemes, without worrying about the dangers of selection bias. In particular, it can be applied to post-selection defined by single-particle events in each detection chanel when the number of particles in the system is conserved.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Cdc42 protein acts upstream of IQGAP1 and regulates cytokinesis in mouse oocytes and embryos

AbstractCdc42 and Rac1 Rho family GTPases, and their interacting protein IQGAP1 are the key regulators of cell polarity. We examined the role of Cdc42 and IQGAP1 in establishing the polarity of mouse oocyte and regulation of meiotic and mitotic divisions. We showed that Cdc42 was localized on the microtubules of meiotic and mitotic spindle and in the cortex of mouse oocytes and cleaving embryos. IQGAP1 was present in the cytoplasm and cortex of growing and fully-grown oocytes. During maturation it disappeared from the cortex and during meiotic and mitotic cytokinesis it concentrated in the contractile ring. Toxin B inhibition of the binding activity of Cdc42 changed the localization of IQGAP1, inhibited emission of the first polar body, and caused disappearance of the cortical actin without affecting the migration of meiotic spindle. This indicates, that in maturing oocytes accumulation of cortical actin is not indispensable for spindle migration. In zygotes treated with toxin B actin cytoskeleton was rearranged and the first and/or subsequent cytokinesis were inhibited. Our results indicate that Cdc42 acts upstream of IQGAP1 and is involved in regulation of cytokinesis in mouse oocytes and cleaving embryos, rather than in establishing the polarity of the oocyte

Proteomics reveals a switch in CDK1-associated proteins upon M-phase exit during the Xenopus laevis oocyte to embryo transition.

International audienceCyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a major M-phase kinase which requires the binding to a regulatory protein, Cyclin B, to be active. CDK1/Cyclin B complex is called M-phase promoting factor (MPF) for its key role in controlling both meiotic and mitotic M-phase of the cell cycle. CDK1 inactivation is necessary for oocyte activation and initiation of embryo development. This complex process requires both Cyclin B polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation via the ubiquitin-conjugation pathway, followed by the dephosphorylation of the monomeric CDK1 on Thr161. Previous proteomic analyses revealed a number of CDK1-associated proteins in human HeLa cells. It is, however, unknown whether specific partners are involved in CDK1 inactivation upon M-phase exit. To better understand CDK1 regulation during MII-arrest and oocyte activation, we immunoprecipitated (IPed) CDK1 together with its associated proteins from M-phase-arrested and M-phase-exiting Xenopus laevis oocytes. A mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed a number of new putative CDK1 partners. Most importantly, the composition of the CDK1-associated complex changed rapidly during M-phase exit. Additionally, an analysis of CDK1 complexes precipitated with beads covered with p9 protein, a fission yeast suc1 homologue well known for its high affinity for CDKs, was performed to identify the most abundant proteins associated with CDK1. The screen was auto-validated by identification of: (i) two forms of CDK1: Cdc2A and B, (ii) a set of Cyclins B with clearly diminishing number of peptides identified upon M-phase exit, (iii) a number of known CDK1 substrates (e.g. peroxiredoxine) and partners (e.g. HSPA8, a member of the HSP70 family) both in IP and in p9 precipitated pellets. In IP samples we also identified chaperones, which can modulate CDK1 three-dimensional structure, as well as calcineurin, a protein necessary for successful oocyte activation. These results shed a new light on CDK1 regulation via a dynamic change in the composition of the protein complex upon M-phase exit and the oocyte to embryo transition

"Dangerous" books, forbidden books : the influence of the ideological state control on the collecting resources in the Jagiellonian Library during the period of the Polish People's Republic

Referat przedstawia sytuację w zakresie gromadzenia zbiorów w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej od zakończenia II wojny światowej do końca lat 80. XX w. Niedemokratyczne władze nieufnie traktowały książkę jako potencjalny nośnik niebezpiecznych idei, więc jej produkcja i rozpowszechnianie podlegała kontroli. Dla polskich bibliotek uniwersyteckich oznaczało to także ingerowanie władz w zakres gromadzonych i udostępnianych publikacji oraz zatrzymywanie na granicy dzieł przysyłanych do Polski. Opór społeczny wobec cenzury sprzyjał rozwojowi nielegalnego ruchu wydawniczego, którego wytwory niejawnie trafiały do bibliotek. Dopiero początek lat 90. XX w. przyniósł koniec instytucji cenzury i uwolnienie rynku, także rynku książki,a w następstwie uwolnienie działalności bibliotek uniwersyteckich spod nadzoru ideologicznego. Referat oparto na materiałach archiwalnych, przechowanych w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej oraz na literaturze przedmiotu.This paper presents the situation in the field of collecting resources in the Jagiellonian Library since the end of the Second World War until late 80’s of the 20th century. The undemocratic authorities treated book warily considering it the potential carrier of dangerous ideas, therefore the production and distribution of books were liable to control. For the Polish university libraries it also meant interference of the authorities with the area of the collecting and sharing publications as well as stopping on the border the publications sent to Poland. The social resistance to the censorship favored the illegal publishing movement which products were reaching to the libraries implicitly. Only at the beginning of the 90's of 20th century the censorship had ceased to exist and the market, including the book market, were freed. It was also a reason of the end of the state ideological control of the university libraries. This paper is based on the archival materials preserved in the Jagiellonian Library as well as on the literature on the subject

The Austrian Library Network in Europe and Poland : international cultural cooperation of librarians

W artykule przedstawiono cele funkcjonowania Bibliotek Austriackich, zasady funkcjonowania oraz zakres usług, jakie oferują. Opisana została współpraca między Bibliotekami Austriackimi, która obejmuje przekazywanie przez Austrię publikacji, wspieranie inicjatyw ośrodków lokalnych dotyczących prezentacji austriackiej sztuki, kultury, myśli i tradycji, a także nauczanie języka niemieckiego i organizowanie egzaminów Östereichisches Sprachdiplom Deutsch. Artykuł podaje również rozwiązania dla usprawnienia współpracy między Bibliotekami Austriackimi.The paper presents aims, functioning rules and service range of the Austrian libraries. The author describes the cooperation between Austrian libraries, which includes: Austria's publishing donations, supporting local centers presenting Austrian art, culture, philosophy, and traditions as well teaching German and organizing Östereichisches Sprachdiplom Deutsch examinations. The article also includes proposals for the improvement of cooperation between Austrian libraries

The donation of Zofia Bobowicz to the Jagiellonian Library

This article presents the collection of Zofia Bobowicz, which was donated to the Jagiellonian Library in 2014 and consists of the donor's professional archive together with her private library. At the same time it presents a profile of this translator and publisher of Polish literature who was active as an émigré in Paris. The donation of i.a. 635 volumes, 71 issues of literary magazines and 68 manuscripts completes the holdings of the library with those French polonica which were not held by Polish national institutions in the second half of the twentieth century. Zofia Bobowicz's translations from Polish into French as well as her work as a propagator of Polish literature in France are part of the heritage of the Polish émigré community in the twentieth century

In Vitro Culture of Mouse Oocytes for Meiotic Maturation

International audienceIn vitro maturation of mouse oocytes, as well as of many other mammalian species, is used commonly in experimental embryology. This model system gives the possibility to easily obtain maturing oocytes at desired stages of the maturation process. Here we describe how to establish the in vitro culture of maturating mouse oocytes. We focus on the use of oocytes maturation inhibitors to synchronize oocytes at the GVBD stage and on the procedure to distinguish between transcribing and nontranscribing GV-arrested oocytes