Early memory formation disrupted by atypical PKC inhibitor ZIP in the medial prefrontal cortex but not hippocampus

Atypical isoforms of protein kinase C (aPKCs; particularly protein kinase M zeta: PKMζ) have been hypothesised to be necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long term memory by maintaining postsynaptic AMPA receptors via the GluR2 subunit. A myristoylated PKMζ pseudosubstrate peptide (ZIP) blocks PKMζ activity. We examined the actions of ZIP in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus in associative recognition memory in rats during early memory formation and memory maintenance. ZIP infusion in either hippocampus or mPFC impaired memory maintenance. However, early memory formation was impaired by ZIP in mPFC but not hippocampus; and blocking GluR2-dependent removal of AMPA receptors did not affect this impairment caused by ZIP in the mPFC. The findings indicate: (i) a difference in the actions of ZIP in hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and (ii) a GluR2-independent target of ZIP (possibly PKCλ) in the mPFC during early memory formation

Patient engagement in designing and publishing research in prostate cancer - Supplementary video

Supplementary Table 1. Study characteristicsSupplementary Table 2. Racial disparity/ethnic minority-focused studiesSupplementary Table 3. Embase search stringsSupplementary Table 4. MEDLINE search stringsSupplementary Table 5. Cochrane search stringsSupplementary Table 6. Congress abstracts and oral presentations which have been published as full-text papers</p

Real-World Data In Retinal Diseases Treated With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-Vegf) Therapy – A Systematic Approach To Identify And Characterize Data Sources

Background Real-world data (RWD) has been a valuable addition to the scientific literature regarding treatment pathways, clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients with retinal diseases in recent years. Registries, observational studies and patient databases are often used for real-world research. However, there is limited information for each data source on the design, consistency, data captured, limitations and usability for assessing research questions. Using a systematic approach, we identified RWD sources for patients with retinal diseases and assessed them for completeness of data relating to different outcomes. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify RWD sources for patients with retinal disease. Potentially relevant articles published between 2006 and 2016 were screened following electronic searches in Embase and MEDLINE. Congress and supplementary searches were undertaken to identify RWD sources that may not be referenced in full publications. For each data source, availability and quantity of data on baseline status, clinical outcomes, treatment and management, safety, and patient-reported and economic burden were assessed using a bespoke completeness assessment tool based on International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement guidelines for macular degeneration. Completeness of data for each area of interest in each data source was assessed and rated using a ‘good–moderate–poor’ rating system based on availability and quantity of available data. Each data source was then given an overall score based on its score for each of the 7 areas of interest. Results A total of 128 RWD sources from 32 countries were identified. Of the identified sources, 64 sources from 16 countries of interest were analyzed. Most of these sources provided information on baseline status and clinical outcomes and treatment, but few collected data on economic and patient-reported burden. Of the RWD sources analyzed, 10 scored highly in the overall completeness assessment, collecting data on most or all of the areas of interest; these sources are considered to be robust data sources for performing ophthalmology real-world studies. Conclusions The study provides a comprehensive list of RWD sources for patients with retinal disease, many of which will be useful for conducting real-world studies in the field of ophthalmology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-019-1208-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.PubMedWoSScopu

Patient engagement in designing and publishing research in prostate cancer - Supplementary material

Supplementary Table 1. Study characteristicsSupplementary Table 2. Racial disparity/ethnic minority-focused studiesSupplementary Table 3. Embase search stringsSupplementary Table 4. MEDLINE search stringsSupplementary Table 5. Cochrane search stringsSupplementary Table 6. Congress abstracts and oral presentations which have been published as full-text papers</p