Brittle porous material mesovolume structure models and simulation of their mechanical properties

To study the mechanical response of brittle porous materials at mesoscale, porous samples were generated and their deformation was numerically modelled. Two types of pore space morphology such as overlapping spherical pores and overlapping spherical solids were explicitly considered. For deformation modelling, an evolutionary approach including the nonlinear constitutive equations used to describe damage accumulation and its impact on the degradation of the solid frame strength properties was applied. The numerical results have shown that an average stress-strain diagram is sensitive to pore morphology as well as porosity

Transmission of High-Power Electron Beams Through Small Apertures

Tests were performed to pass a 100 MeV, 430 kWatt c.w. electron beam from the energy-recovery linac at the Jefferson Laboratory's FEL facility through a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Beam transmission losses of 3 p.p.m. through a 2 mm diameter aperture were maintained during a 7 hour continuous run.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1305.019

Measured Radiation and Background Levels During Transmission of Megawatt Electron Beams Through Millimeter Apertures

We report measurements of photon and neutron radiation levels observed while transmitting a 0.43 MW electron beam through millimeter-sized apertures and during beam-off, but accelerating gradient RF-on, operation. These measurements were conducted at the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility of the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) using a 100 MeV electron beam from an energy-recovery linear accelerator. The beam was directed successively through 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm diameter apertures of length 127 mm in aluminum at a maximum current of 4.3 mA (430 kW beam power). This study was conducted to characterize radiation levels for experiments that need to operate in this environment, such as the proposed DarkLight Experiment. We find that sustained transmission of a 430 kW continuous-wave (CW) beam through a 2 mm aperture is feasible with manageable beam-related backgrounds. We also find that during beam-off, RF-on operation, multipactoring inside the niobium cavities of the accelerator cryomodules is the primary source of ambient radiation when the machine is tuned for 130 MeV operation.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Analysis of pneumococcal serotypes distribution to determine a model composition for a Russian pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as antibiotic resistance of its serotypes, are the leading cause of death amongst children worldwide. To prevent pneumococcal infection, the population is immunised with conjugate vaccines containing different amounts of polysaccharides of certain serotypes. Development of a full-cycle Russian vaccine is vital because the active pharmaceutical ingredients for the vaccines registered in the Russian Federation are produced abroad, and only the final stages of production of vaccines of this group are performed in the territory of the Russian Federation. Considering the phenomenon of serotype replacement associated with the long-term widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, it is necessary to carefully select the serotype composition for the new vaccine. The aim of this work was to analyse the serotype distribution of pneumococci in the Russian Federation and other countries in order to select optimal serotypes for the Russian vaccine for human use, taking into account vaccination schedules for each age group. This review presents an analysis of the pneumococcal serotype distribution in the Russian Federation in the pre-vaccination era, as well as after the introduction of routine vaccination. In addition, the review includes data on the serotype distribution in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. The authors described a model composition containing at least sixteen serotypes. It will increase effectiveness of immune protection of the population, providing a more complete coverage of serotypes, considering their prevalence in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, the serotype composition for the sixteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is proposed for further production and preclinical and clinical trials. A new Russian pneumococcal conjugate vaccine will ensure vaccination of all population groups within the National Immunisation Schedule of the Russian Federation

Science Requirements and Conceptual Design for a Polarized Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider at Jefferson Lab

This report presents a brief summary of the science opportunities and program of a polarized medium energy electron-ion collider at Jefferson Lab and a comprehensive description of the conceptual design of such a collider based on the CEBAF electron accelerator facility.Comment: 160 pages, ~93 figures This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-060R23177, and DESC0005823. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purpose

МЕТОДЫ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО АМБУЛАТОРНОГО МОНИТОРИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОКАРДИОГРАММЫ: ОБЗОР

The review article covers the current experience of using various methods for long-term ECG monitoring in the outpatient settings, their advantages and disavantages as well as their role in diagnosis of paroxysmal tachy- and bradyarrhythmias.В обзорной статье описываются современные представления о методах длительного амбулаторного мониторирования электрокардиограммы, их преимуществах и недостатках, а также месте в диагностике преходящих нарушений ритма и проводимости сердца

Анализ серотипового пейзажа пневмококков для определения композиционной модели отечественной пневмококковой конъюгированной вакцины

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as antibiotic resistance of its serotypes, are the leading cause of death amongst children worldwide. To prevent pneumococcal infection, the population is immunised with conjugate vaccines containing different amounts of polysaccharides of certain serotypes. Development of a full-cycle Russian vaccine is vital because the active pharmaceutical ingredients for the vaccines registered in the Russian Federation are produced abroad, and only the final stages of production of vaccines of this group are performed in the territory of the Russian Federation. Considering the phenomenon of serotype replacement associated with the long-term widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, it is necessary to carefully select the serotype composition for the new vaccine. The aim of this work was to analyse the serotype distribution of pneumococci in the Russian Federation and other countries in order to select optimal serotypes for the Russian vaccine for human use, taking into account vaccination schedules for each age group. This review presents an analysis of the pneumococcal serotype distribution in the Russian Federation in the pre-vaccination era, as well as after the introduction of routine vaccination. In addition, the review includes data on the serotype distribution in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. The authors described a model composition containing at least sixteen serotypes. It will increase effectiveness of immune protection of the population, providing a more complete coverage of serotypes, considering their prevalence in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, the serotype composition for the sixteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is proposed for further production and preclinical and clinical trials. A new Russian pneumococcal conjugate vaccine will ensure vaccination of all population groups within the National Immunisation Schedule of the Russian Federation.Заболевания, вызываемые Streptococcus pneumoniae, а также возникновение антибиотикорезистентных серотипов пневмококков являются ведущей причиной смертности детского населения во всем мире. С целью предотвращения пневмококковой инфекции применяют вакцинацию с использованием конъюгированных вакцин, содержащих различное количество полисахаридов определенных серотипов. В Российской Федерации зарегистрированы вакцины, активные фармацевтические субстанции для которых производятся за рубежом, а на территории Российской Федерации локализуются только финишные стадии производства вакцин данной группы, поэтому разработка отечественной вакцины полного цикла является жизненно значимой. Учитывая явление «смены серотипов» при длительном широком использовании пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин, необходимо тщательно подбирать серотиповой состав новой вакцины. Цель работы — анализ серотипового пейзажа пневмококков на территории Российской Федерации и других стран с целью выбора модельной композиции оптимального серотипового состава российской вакцины для применения у людей с учетом схем вакцинации для каждой возрастной группы. В обзоре представлены результаты анализа распространения серотипов пневмококков в Российской Федерации в довакцинальную эру, а также после внедрения вакцинации в рутинную педиатрическую практику. Кроме того, представлены данные по серотиповому пейзажу в государствах — членах Евразийского экономического союза. Предложен модельный состав вакцины, содержащей не менее шестнадцати серотипов пневмококка. Выбранная модель позволит увеличить эффективность иммунной защиты населения, обеспечив более полный охват серотипов, учитывая их распространенность на территории Российской Федерации. На основе проведенного анализа предложен уникальный серотиповой состав шестнадцативалентной пневмококковой конъюгированной вакцины для дальнейшего производства и проведения доклинических и клинических испытаний. Появление новой отечественной пневмококковой конъюгированной вакцины позволит обеспечить вакцинацию всех групп населения в рамках национального календаря профилактических прививок Российской Федерации

European Strategy for Particle Physics -- Accelerator R&D Roadmap

The 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics emphasised the importance of an intensified and well-coordinated programme of accelerator R&D, supporting the design and delivery of future particle accelerators in a timely, affordable and sustainable way. This report sets out a roadmap for European accelerator R&D for the next five to ten years, covering five topical areas identified in the Strategy update. The R&D objectives include: improvement of the performance and cost-performance of magnet and radio-frequency acceleration systems; investigations of the potential of laser / plasma acceleration and energy-recovery linac techniques; and development of new concepts for muon beams and muon colliders. The goal of the roadmap is to document the collective view of the field on the next steps for the R&D programme, and to provide the evidence base to support subsequent decisions on prioritisation, resourcing and implementation.Comment: 270 pages, 58 figures. Editor: N. Mounet. LDG chair: D. Newbold. Panel chairs: P. V\'edrine (HFM), S. Bousson (RF), R. Assmann (plasma), D. Schulte (muon), M. Klein (ERL). Panel editors: B. Baudouy (HFM), L. Bottura (HFM), S. Bousson (RF), G. Burt (RF), R. Assmann (plasma), E. Gschwendtner (plasma), R. Ischebeck (plasma), C. Rogers (muon), D. Schulte (muon), M. Klein (ERL