130 research outputs found
Reducing driver distraction by improving secondary task performance through multimodal touchscreen interaction
On the utility of predictive chromatography to complement mass spectrometry based intact protein identification
The amino acid sequence determines the individual protein three-dimensional structure and its functioning in an organism. Therefore, "reading” a protein sequence and determining its changes due to mutations or post-translational modifications is one of the objectives of proteomic experiments. The commonly utilized approach is gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. While serving as a way to simplify the protein mixture, the liquid chromatography may be an additional analytical tool providing complementary information about the protein structure. Previous attempts to develop "predictive” HPLC for large biomacromolecules were limited by empirically derived equations based purely on the adsorption mechanisms of the retention and applicable to relatively small polypeptide molecules. A mechanism of the large biomacromolecule retention in reversed-phase gradient HPLC was described recently in thermodynamics terms by the analytical model of liquid chromatography at critical conditions (BioLCCC). In this work, we applied the BioLCCC model to predict retention of the intact proteins as well as their large proteolytic peptides separated under different HPLC conditions. The specific aim of these proof-of-principle studies was to demonstrate the feasibility of using "predictive” HPLC as a complementary tool to support the analysis of identified intact proteins in top-down, middle-down, and/or targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomic experiments. Figure Intact protein LC retention time prediction assists protein identification in top- and middle-down proteomic
A Universal Volumetric Haptic Actuation Platform
In this paper, we report a method of implementing a universal volumetric haptic actuation platform which can be adapted to fit a wide variety of visual displays with flat surfaces. This platform aims to enable the simulation of the 3D features of input interfaces. This goal is achieved using four readily available stepper motors in a diagonal cross configuration with which we can quickly change the position of a surface in a manner that can render these volumetric features. In our research, we use a Microsoft Surface Go tablet placed on the haptic enhancement actuation platform to replicate the exploratory features of virtual keyboard keycaps displayed on the touchscreen. We ask seven participants to explore the surface of a virtual keypad comprised of 12 keycaps. As a second task, random key positions are announced one at a time, which the participant is expected to locate. These experiments are used to understand how and with what fidelity the volumetric feedback could improve performance (detection time, track length, and error rate) of detecting the specific keycaps location with haptic feedback and in the absence of visual feedback. Participants complete the tasks with great success (p < 0.05). In addition, their ability to feel convex keycaps is confirmed within the subjective comments.Peer reviewe
Fast and flexible selection with a single switch
Selection methods that require only a single-switch input, such as a button
click or blink, are potentially useful for individuals with motor impairments,
mobile technology users, and individuals wishing to transmit information
securely. We present a single-switch selection method, "Nomon," that is general
and efficient. Existing single-switch selection methods require selectable
options to be arranged in ways that limit potential applications. By contrast,
traditional operating systems, web browsers, and free-form applications (such
as drawing) place options at arbitrary points on the screen. Nomon, however,
has the flexibility to select any point on a screen. Nomon adapts automatically
to an individual's clicking ability; it allows a person who clicks precisely to
make a selection quickly and allows a person who clicks imprecisely more time
to make a selection without error. Nomon reaps gains in information rate by
allowing the specification of beliefs (priors) about option selection
probabilities and by avoiding tree-based selection schemes in favor of direct
(posterior) inference. We have developed both a Nomon-based writing application
and a drawing application. To evaluate Nomon's performance, we compared the
writing application with a popular existing method for single-switch writing
(row-column scanning). Novice users wrote 35% faster with the Nomon interface
than with the scanning interface. An experienced user (author TB, with > 10
hours practice) wrote at speeds of 9.3 words per minute with Nomon, using 1.2
clicks per character and making no errors in the final text.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, presented at NIPS 2009 Mini-symposi
On the utility of predictive chromatography to complement mass spectrometry based intact protein identification
The amino acid sequence determines the individual protein three-dimensional structure and its functioning in an organism. Therefore, "reading" a protein sequence and determining its changes due to mutations or post-translational modifications is one of the objectives of proteomic experiments. The commonly utilized approach is gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. While serving as a way to simplify the protein mixture, the liquid chromatography may be an additional analytical tool providing complementary information about the protein structure. Previous attempts to develop "predictive" HPLC for large biomacromolecules were limited by empirically derived equations based purely on the adsorption mechanisms of the retention and applicable to relatively small polypeptide molecules. A mechanism of the large biomacromolecule retention in reversed-phase gradient HPLC was described recently in thermodynamics terms by the analytical model of liquid chromatography at critical conditions (BioLCCC). In this work, we applied the BioLCCC model to predict retention of the intact proteins as well as their large proteolytic peptides separated under different HPLC conditions. The specific aim of these proof-of-principle studies was to demonstrate the feasibility of using "predictive" HPLC as a complementary tool to support the analysis of identified intact proteins in top-down, middle-down, and/or targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomic experiments
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus-Containing Podands. Part 10. An Improved Synthesis of Oligo( ethylene Glycol) bis(2-(Diphenylphosphinoyl)ethyl) Ethers, e.g. (III), (VI), and Their Complex-Forming Properties with Respect to Alkali Metal Cations in Anhydrou
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus-Containing Podands. Part 4. Influence of the Length of the Polyether Chain in Oligoethylene Glycol Bis(o-diphenylphosphinylmethylphenyl) Ethers on the Complex Formation and Selectivity Towards Alkali Metal Cations.
Spotty: Imaging sonification based on spot-mapping and tonal volume
Presented at the 7th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Espoo, Finland, July 29-August 1, 2001.A basic question at image sonification is the image segmentation. A cognitive model of visual processing in a greater degree could define possible ways of sound mapping. For instance, the scanpath theory suggests that a top-down internal cognitive model, of what we see, drives the sequences of rapid eye movements and fixations or glances that so efficiently travel over scene or picture of interest. The scanpath theory may be applied at sonification of visual image. But it is necessary to solve, what is more important in each stage of the image recognition process: the scan trajectory or the optical characteristics of its extreme positions? That is to say, what is dominant - scanpath or the spot of glance? I hope a solution of these questions will allow to develop new tools for VR applications as well as to continue designing of visualization system for blind people on a basis of blind-eye tracking
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