15,317 research outputs found
Inversion of DNA charge by a positive polymer via fractionalization of the polymer charge
Charge inversion of a DNA double helix by an oppositely charged flexible
polyelectrolyte (PE) is widely used for gene delivery. It is considered here in
terms of discrete charges of DNA. We concentrate on the worst scenario case
when in the neutral state of the DNA-PE complex, each of the DNA charges is
locally compensated by a PE charge and show that charge inversion exists even
in this case. When an additional PE molecule is adsorbed by DNA, its charge
gets fractionalized into monomer charges of defects (tails and arches) on the
background of the perfectly neutralized DNA. These charges spread all over the
DNA eliminating the self-energy of PE. Fractionalization leads to a substantial
charge inversion of DNA. We show that fractionalization mechanism charge
inversion works also for nonlinear polymers such as dendrimers. Remarkably,
such fractionalization happens for adsorption of both PE or dendrimers on a
two-dimensional charged lattice, as well. Relation of fractionalization to
other mechanisms of charge inversion is discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physica
Complexation of DNA with positive spheres: phase diagram of charge inversion and reentrant condensation
The phase diagram of a water solution of DNA and oppositely charged spherical
macroions is studied. DNA winds around spheres to form beads-on-a-string
complexes resembling the chromatin 10 nm fiber. At small enough concentration
of spheres these "artificial chromatin" complexes are negative, while at large
enough concentrations of spheres the charge of DNA is inverted by the adsorbed
spheres. Charges of complexes stabilize their solutions. In the plane of
concentrations of DNA and spheres the phases with positive and negative
complexes are separated by another phase, which contains the condensate of
neutral DNA-spheres complexes. Thus when the concentration of spheres grows,
DNA-spheres complexes experience condensation and resolubilization (or
reentrant condensation). Phenomenological theory of the phase diagram of
reentrant condensation and charge inversion is suggested. Parameters of this
theory are calculated by microscopic theory. It is shown that an important part
of the effect of a monovalent salt on the phase diagram can be described by the
nontrivial renormalization of the effective linear charge density of DNA wound
around a sphere, due to the Onsager-Manning condensation. We argue that our
phenomenological phase diagram or reentrant condensation is generic to a large
class of strongly asymmetric electrolytes. Possible implication of these
results for the natural chromatin are discussed.Comment: Many corrections to text. SUbmitted to J. Chem. Phy
An Investigation into Value Co-creation in Service Supply Chains
In service supply chains, customers select a service provider with whom value would be maximized through the interaction between the service provider and the customer. This study investigates the link between value co-creation and customers’ (re)purchasing intentions in the financial and professional services industry. This research was conducted via a case study of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and one of its clients, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) and included in-depth interviews with senior managers. The findings underline that the financial and professional services industry is dominated by end of service results and that the only viable option in gaining competitive advantage is to stand out in today’s dynamic marketplace. It also reveals that there is a huge demand for outsourcing services and that most clients will choose to purchase one which offers the desired value at the right time. Lastly, it proposes a value co-creation framework derived from the study
Spherical Colloids: Effect of Discrete Macroion Charge Distribution and Counterion Valence
We report the coupled effects of macroion charge discretization and
counterion valence in the primitive model for spherical colloids. Instead of
considering a uniformly charged surface, as it is traditionally done, we
consider a more realistic situation where \textit{discrete monovalent
microscopic charges} are randomly distributed over the sphere. Monovalent or
multivalent counterions ensure global electroneutrality. We use molecular
dynamics simulations to study these effects at the ground state and for finite
temperature. The ground state analysis concerns the counterion structure and
\textit{charge inversion}. Results are discussed in terms of simple analytical
models. For finite temperature, strong and weak Coulomb couplings are treated.
In this situation of finite temperature, we considered and discussed the
phenomena of ionic pairing (pinning) and unpairing (unpinning).Comment: 24 pages, 12 (main) figures (28 EPS files). To appear in Physica
Dichlorido[(R,R)-N 1,N 1,N 2-tribenzylÂcycloÂhexane-1,2-diamine-κ2 N 1,N 2]copper(II)
In the title compound, [CuCl2(C27H32N2)], which bears a chiral diamine ligand, viz (R,R)-N,N,N′′- tribenzylÂcycloÂhexane-1,2-diamine, the CuII ion is ligated by two N and two Cl atoms in a distorted square-planar geometry. The coordination of the ligands to the CuII ion results in the formation of a five-membered heterocyclic ring and a chiral center at the monosubstituted nitroÂgen in an (S)-configuration. The catalytic capacity of the complex for the asymmetric nitroÂaldol reaction is promising (49% ee)
Chevalier Jackson, M.D. (1865-1958): Il ne se repose jamais.
In the final year of the American Civil War, 1865, Chevalier Jackson was born on the 4th of November just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The eldest of three sons of a poor, livestock-raising family, Jackson was raised in a period of social and political unrest. He was perhaps an even more unrestful boy. The description of his childhood days from his father’s father—Il ne se repose jamais, ‘‘He never rests’’—would ultimately reflect the man, doctor, and evangelist Jackson would later become.1 Indeed, he never did rest, Jackson would tirelessly pave the way for modern bronchoscopy and endoscopy as a whole; bringing international renown not only to himself, but also to his specialty
A new method for large time behavior of degenerate viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations with convex Hamiltonians
We investigate large-time asymptotics for viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations with possibly degenerate diffusion terms. We establish new results on the convergence, which are the first general ones concerning equations which are neither uniformly parabolic nor first order. Our method is based on the nonlinear adjoint method and the derivation of new estimates on long time averaging effects. It also extends to the case of weakly coupled systems
Supporting information needs of senior citizens in community aged care
To address the challenge of an ageing population in an information society, it is important to introduce information systems to assist the aged people in maintaining and improving their quality of life. An understanding of what information aged people need, how they seek and use information, and how they adopt Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is required. This paper reports the findings of an empirical study undertaken in Australia to understand the information needs of senior citizens who reside in the community. The study aims to understand how ICT can support the independent living of senior people in the community from both the social and health perspectives. We offer a new understanding of the information needs of aged people in the community and extend the information systems research in aged care. This research also contributes to the development of innovative ICT enabled aged care service solutions in community aged care.<br /
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