Rock Lobster enhancement and acquaculture subprogam : pilot study of disease conditions in all potential Rock Lobster aquaculture species at different growth stages

OBJECTIVES:1. To establish a national network of rock lobster health and disease personnel.2. To conduct a symposium on health and disease management in lobsteraquaculture and long-term holding facilities.3. To collate and document the current state of knowledge on rock lobsterdiseases.4. To provide a disease diagnosis service for existing FRDC rock lobster projectsin Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OUTCOMES ACHIEVED TO DATEA lobster health network was successfully established following a workshop ofhealth personnel, as part of this project. A description of dissection andexamination procedure for lobster autopsy was produced following the workshop.An International Symposium on Lobster Health Management was convened inconjunction with the Third international Lobster Congress in South Australia.Members of the research team provided a disease diagnostic service in theirrespective states

Rock Lobster Autopsy Manual

The objective of this project was to publish an autopsy manual for use by the rock lobster industry. The manual was to include details of the approach to be used in conducting an autopsy of rock lobster, descriptions of assay methodology, normal ranges for selected immune and physiological functions and photographs of gross and microscopic lesions and descriptions of pathogens observed in lobsters. The publication was to be aimed primarily for use by fishers, processing factory staff and seafood business managers but was to also include information of relevance to veterinarians, fish health personnel and researchers

Fighting Words: Targeting Speech in Armed Conflict

Freedom of speech is considered one of the most fundamental human rights, but it is not without limits. In the context of an armed conflict, engaging in certain types of speech can form the basis for lethal targeting by States. Consensus exists in customary international law that speech-driven strikes constitute a lawful use of force under jus in bello standards. For example, a civilian who communicates the position of targets, or broadcasts tactical intelligence for a specific military operation has, by their speech, made themselves a lawful target. While customary international law agrees that speech-driven targeting is lawful, there has been little discussion by States or scholars of the requirements that form the basis for speech-driven targeting. The lack of scholarship concerning speech-driven targeting by States undercuts the legitimacy of speech-driven targeting and suggests that international law is not currently imposing adequate limits on the use of force by States against the fundamental human right of free speech. To justify speech-driven strikes, States and commentators use traditional tests based on a person’s actions to determine whether an individual has forfeited their protected status and is targetable. These action-based tests are problematic and lead to inconsistent results because they are designed to assess an individual’s actions as opposed to speech. To address this problem, this article will provide the first descriptive and normative analysis of speech-driven targeting. Descriptively, the article explains how speech-driven targeting currently exists in international law while simultaneously demonstrating the lack of guidance and agreement about what is required before the lawful use of lethal force. Next, from a normative perspective, the article proposes a core set of factors that should inform the speech-driven targeting analysis. The article then applies these factors to a real-world example of America’s use of force in Yemen against Anwar al-Awlaki to explore how using the factors would affect the legality of such a strike. The article concludes that using these proposed factors would enhance protections for freedom of speech while simultaneously enhancing State decisions and actions from a substantive and procedural perspective

Bildung to dannelse: A historical analysis of an educational concept in motion from Fichte’s “Addresses to the German Nation” to Grundtvig’s “Nordic Mythology,” 1808 – 1832

This conceptual research analyses the historical development of the German concept of Bildung to the Danish dannelse. The starting point is J.G. Fichte’s 1808 “Addresses to the German Nation,” in which Bildung is analyzed as a key concept. The paper illustrates the influence Fichte had on N.F.S. Grundtvig, the “father of modern Denmark,” with important adaptations based on English liberties and Nordic mythology. Grundtvig’s dannelse is then analyzed based on his 1832 “milestone” work, “Nordic Mythology.” The paper finds that Bildung and dannelse can be considered parallel concepts of similarity in their shared emphasis on the mother-tongue as a “living language,” and focus on social cohesion. However, Bildung and dannelse can also be characterized as concepts of difference, in that: 1) dannelse popularized Bildung, meaning that it was not just for the academic bourgeoisie, but the entire “folk”; 2) freedom of expression is fundamental to dannelse, in contrast to the stability of will and moral order in Bildung; 3) in dannelse, national unity is expanded to a wider circle of belonging, the whole of humankind; 4) Nordic mythology is a social cohesive in dannelse, to contrast Fichte’s more rational conception of Bildung. Written by a British author for an English-speaking readership, this research does not feign to be more than a prefatory glance at two rich and complex concepts. However, in shedding light on the historical development of Bildung to dannelse, it aspires to edge readers closer toward a shared conceptual understanding or, more aptly, to better understand misunderstandings

Lupin ingredients in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) diets: influence of lupin species and types of meals

The nutritive value of five isonitrogenous practical diets containing different legume meals, whole or dehulled lupin (Lupinus albus) seed meal (WAD and DAD, respectively), dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) seed meal (DND), lupin (L. angustifolius) protein concentrate (LPCD), and defatted soybean meal (SBD), was evaluated in two laboratory experiments (growout and digestibility studies) using juvenile (4.07±0.05 g, mean±SD) shrimp, Penaeus monodon. In the 42-day growout study, shrimp fed SBD or DND had significantly higher (P<0.05) growth rates than those fed LPCD, DAD or WAD. Protein conversion efficiency (PCE) and apparent protein utilization (APU) values of DND were significantly higher than those of LPCD, DAD or WAD. SBD and DND had significantly higher feed intake values and better feed conversion ratios (FCRs) than WAD and DAD. LPCD had a similar FCR to other diets but lower feed intake than SBD. Shrimp fed WAD had significantly poorer performance in all the above parameters than shrimp fed other diets except for DAD and LPCD. The diets SBD, DND, LPCD, and DAD had significantly higher (P<0.05) apparent dry matter digestibilities (ADMD) (68.3–71.4%) than WAD (64.4%). All diets had a similar apparent protein digestibility (APD) (87.1–89.1%) with a small, but significant difference being observed for the diets with the highest (DND) and the lowest (WAD) protein digestibility. Pellet water stability was significantly different (P<0.05) among the diets. The most stable pellet was displayed by LPCD, while WAD had the poorest water stability. Dehulling or concentrating lupin seed protein did not improve the nutritive value of lupin diets for juvenile P. monodon. The lupin seed meal of L. angustifolius was better utilized by P. monodon than that of L. albus and the nutritive value of L. angustifolius diet was equal to that of soybean (control) diet. Results of a feeding preference test also indicated that L. angustifolius diet was more attractive for juvenile P. monodon than L. albus diet

Visible light reduces C. elegans longevity.

The transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can sense UV and blue-violet light to alter behavior. Because high-dose UV and blue-violet light are not a common feature outside of the laboratory setting, we asked what role, if any, could low-intensity visible light play in C. elegans physiology and longevity. Here, we show that C. elegans lifespan is inversely correlated to the time worms were exposed to visible light. While circadian control, lite-1 and tax-2 do not contribute to the lifespan reduction, we demonstrate that visible light creates photooxidative stress along with a general unfolded-protein response that decreases the lifespan. Finally, we find that long-lived mutants are more resistant to light stress, as well as wild-type worms supplemented pharmacologically with antioxidants. This study reveals that transparent nematodes are sensitive to visible light radiation and highlights the need to standardize methods for controlling the unrecognized biased effect of light during lifespan studies in laboratory conditions

Dimensional effects in photoelectron spectra of Ag deposits on GaAs(110) surfaces

It is shown that the peak structure observed in angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of metallic deposits can only be unambiguously associated to single electronic states if the deposit has a two dimensional character (finite along one spatial direction). In one and zero dimensions the density of states shows peaks related to bunches of single electron states (the finer structure associated to the latter may not always be experimentally resolved). The characteristics of the peak structure strongly depend on the band dispersion in the energy region where they appear. Results for the density of states and photoemission yield for Ag crystallites on GaAs(110) are presented and compared with experimental photoelectron spectra.Comment: Uuencoded gz-compressed postcript file including text and three figures; Send comments to [email protected]

Arctic pedagogy

I am grateful to UiT’s Philosophy of Education research group for their feedback and suggestions on this article, as well as to both peer reviewers at EitN for their constructive comments.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Composting Humboldt : a reconceptualisation of Wilhelm von Humboldt's Bildung understood through Donna Haraway's 'compostist' posthumanism

Acknowledgements This paper is based on my master’s dissertation. As such, I am indebted to the comments, constructive criticism, and continual encouragement of my supervisor, Karsten Kenklies. I am also grateful for the suggestions of my second marker, Katja Frimberger.Peer reviewedPublisher PD