Biodiversity using Ants as a Surrogate Group

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Urban Air Mobility Fleet Manager Gap Analysis and System Design

NASA's Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Sub-Project is engaged in research to support the introduction of air taxis into the National Airspace System. Such operations will require a range of communication, navigation, and surveillance systems. Air vehicles for UAM are under development and will initially have human pilots. Separation from other aircraft, obstacles, and weather may be a pilot responsibility or provided by an operator's ground-based systems. Eventually, air taxis may be flown from the ground or fly autonomously. There will be a need for dispatch services for UAM. This report presents a gap analysis, data and capability requirements, and workstation design concepts for the UAM dispatcher or Fleet Manager (FM) position

Current Safety Nets Within the U.S. National Airspace System

There are over 70,000 flights managed per day in the National Airspace System, with approximately 7,000 aircraft in the air over the United States at any given time. Operators of each of these flights would prefer to fly a user-defined 4D trajectory (4DT), which includes arrival and departure times; preferred gates and runways at the airport; efficient, wind-optimal routes for departure, cruise and arrival phase of flight; and fuel efficient altitude profiles. To demonstrate the magnitude of this achievement a single flight from Los Angeles to Baltimore, accesses over 35 shared or constrained resources that are managed by roughly 30 air traffic controllers (at towers, approach control and en route sectors); along with traffic managers at 12 facilities, using over 22 different, independent automation system (including TBFM, ERAM, STARS, ASDE-X, FSM, TSD, GPWS, TCAS, etc.). In addition, dispatchers, ramp controllers and others utilize even more systems to manage each flights access to operator-managed resources. Flying an ideal 4DT requires successful coordination of all flight constraints among all flights, facilities, operators, pilots and controllers. Additionally, when conditions in the NAS change, the trajectories of one or more aircraft may need to be revised to avoid loss of flight efficiency, predictability, separation or system throughput. The Aviation Safety Network has released the 2016 airliner accident statistics showing a very low total of 19 fatal airliner accidents, resulting in 325 fatalities1. Despite several high profile accidents, the year 2016 turned out to be a very safe year for commercial aviation, Aviation Safety Network data show. Over the year 2016 the Aviation Safety Network recorded a total of 19 fatal airliner accidents [1], resulting in 325 fatalities. This makes 2016 the second safest year ever, both by number of fatal accidents as well as in terms of fatalities. In 2015 ASN recorded 16 accidents while in 2013 a total of 265 lives were lost. How can we keep it that way and not upset the apple cart by premature insertion of innovative technologies, functions, and procedures? In aviation, safety nets function as the last system defense against incidents and accidents. Current ground-based and airborne safety nets are well established and development to make them more efficient and reliable continues. Additionally, future air traffic control safety nets may emerge from new operational concepts

Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool Development

NASA is developing the Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool (FACT) to support airline and airport operations during winter storms. The goal is to reduce flight delays and cancellations due to winter weather. FACT concentrates relevant information from the Internet and FAA databases on one screen for easy access. It provides collaboration tools for those managing the winter weather event including the airline operations center, airport authority (runway treatment), the Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control tower, and de-icing operators. Prediction tools are being added to improve FACT capabilities including one that anticipates changes in airport departure rates from weather forecasts. We have formed two user teams from affected airports to guide the design and evaluate the web-based prototype. Future work includes adding more automated capabilities and conducting a simulation to evaluate FACT in a realistic environment

Coastal Kicks Footwear - Business Strategy Game

In Business Policy and Strategy, the Senior Capstone business course, our team is managing a footwear company from the executive level and competing in the global footwear industry against our colleagues. The Business Strategy Game is an interactive online simulation that challenges our management team to make decisions and pull from each of the five disciplines in the Barowsky School of Business: Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Management and International Business. The purpose of the simulation is to understand the importance of strategy in business and apply skills learned from every aspect of business. As managers, our team is responsible for evaluating internal and external factors, identifying problems, and deploying an effective business strategy to achieve success in the industry and ultimately maximize the value of our company

Ten Simple (Empirical) Rules for Writing Science

No abstrac

Characterization of a novel five-way-resistant population of waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] is a dioecious summer annual species native to much of the Midwest. This species exhibits many intriguing characteristics including, but not limited to, obligate outcrossing that results in a high level of genetic diversity, prolific seed production, prolonged seedling emergence, and seed dormancy, that help it thrive in contemporary agricultural fields. Waterhemp has become one of the most significant challenges growers face with respect to weed control. In the last decade, the frequency of waterhemp populations resistant to herbicides encompassing multiple sites of action has increased, adding to the difficulty and cost of controlling this species. Waterhemp has been reported to be resistant to herbicides having the following sites of action: acetolactate synthase (ALS), 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSPS), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), TIR1 auxin receptor, Photosystem II (PSII), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). In 2012, a grower reported the failure to control a waterhemp population in conventional white corn with topramezone, an HPPD inhibitor. Records indicate the field had been planted with conventional corn hybrids and glyphosate-resistant soybean varieties in an annual rotation. Additionally, the grower used a rotation of different herbicides including HPPD, PPO, ALS, and PSII inhibitors for weed control. Preliminary investigation and screening suggested that the population might be resistant to herbicides from five site-of-action groups. Chapter 1 of this thesis includes a literature review of HPPD, PPO, ALS, PSII, and auxin herbicides, known resistance mechanisms in weeds, and a section on waterhemp biology. Chapter 2 discusses the original greenhouse screenings of progeny created from seed collected from the grower’s field (designated Champaign County Resistant (CHR)). To quantify the magnitude of resistance, foliar dose response experiments were conducted with mesotrione, atrazine, and 2,4-D. Molecular assays were conducted to confirm PPO inhibitor and ALS inhibitor resistance. Chapter 3 contains information about field research conducted to determine foliar herbicide options to manage CHR in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Results from these experiments indicate control of CHR exceeding 80% 21 days after treatment (DAT) was achieved with four foliar-applied herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, and paraquat. Additional field research is presented in Chapter 4 describing CHR’s response to soil-applied herbicides used in corn and soybean. Results from this research demonstrate that few options provided residual control of CHR greater than 80% 28 DAT. Chapter 4 also includes a summary of experiments, as well as future implications of this research

UAM Fleet Manager Gap Analysis

NASA's Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Sub-Project is engaged in research to support the introduction of air taxis into the National Airspace System. Such operations will require arrange of communication, navigation, and surveillance systems. Air vehicles for UAM are under development and will initially have human pilots. Separation from other aircraft, obstacles, and weather may be a pilot responsibility or provided by an operator's ground-based systems. Eventually, air taxis may be flown from the ground or fly autonomously. There will be a need for dispatch services for UAM. This report presents a gap analysis, data and capability requirements, and workstation design concepts for the UAM dispatcher or Fleet Manager (FM) position. This presentation reviews the gap analysis report and outlines user interface design

Pests of Hemp in Utah

This guide includes information on insect and disease pests of hemp, organized by pest group. Much of the content is a result of a two-year arthropod and plant disease survey of field-grown hemp operations in northern Utah. Some pests included in this guide were not found in that survey but may be likely to occur in the future. Beneficials and natural enemies are also covered, and information on pesticides is included