Životinje u frazeološkom ruhu

Životinje u frazeološkom ruhu zbornik je većega dijela radova izloženih na međunarodnom znanstvenom skupu Animalistički frazemi u slavenskim jezicima. Skup je održan 21. i 22. ožujka 2014. godine na zagrebačkom Filozofskom fakultetu u sklopu istoimenoga istraživanja kojem je Sveučilište u Zagrebu dodijelilo potporu u studenom 2013. godine. Na skupu je sudjelovalo 49 znanstvenika: 22 iz Hrvatske te 27 iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Mađarske, Makedonije, Poljske, Slovačke i Slovenije. Zbornik sadržava recenzirane znanstvene radove u kojima se propituje zastupljenost naziva životinja u različitim frazeološkim jedinicama slavenskih, ali i romanskih te germanskih jezika, ukazuje na njihovu pragmatičnu i kulturološku važnost te pruža uvid u suvremene frazeološke tendencije primijenjene i na odabranu skupinu frazema. (iz Predgovora / Ivana Vidović Bolt

Optimization of the Slovenian food basket using linear programming

Neuravnotežena prehrana je eden izmed glavnih dejavnikov tveganja za zdravje, saj lahko vpliva na razvoj in napredovanje kroničnih nenalezljivih boleznih (KNB), na povišano telesno maso oz. debelost in tudi na hranilno podhranjenost. Na neustrezne prehranske izbire naj bi imela največji vpliv cena hrane, kar je še posebej opazno pri socialno šibkejših. Slovenske raziskave kažejo, da je prehrana prebivalcev neustrezna oz. nezdrava, zato je bil namen naše raziskave oblikovati slovensko prehransko košarico (PK) na stroškovno učinkovit način, ki bi pomagala ohranjati zdravje, preprečiti pomanjkanje posameznih mikrohranil in bila istočasno kulturno in cenovno sprejemljiva, še posebej za ljudi z nižjimi dohodki. PK smo oblikovali z metodo linearnega programiranja (LP) in v sestavo PK vključili živila, ki so pogosto del prehrane Slovencev. S pomočjo LP smo izdelali pet PK za štiričlansko družino, pri katerih smo upoštevali Referenčne vrednosti za vnos hranil (2004), slovenske smernice in prehranske navade Slovencev. Ugotovili smo, da je najbolj poceni (2,38 €/dan) PK, ki upošteva le priporočila slovenskih smernic, sledi ji kulturno sprejemljiva PK, ki upošteva prehranske navade Slovencev (6,33 €/dan), vendar z obema ne zadostimo potrebam po vseh hranilih. Naslednja je hranilno zadostna PK, ki upošteva referenčne vrednosti in stane 6,92 €/dan, vendar z njo ne zadostimo potrebam po vitaminu D. Malenkost dražja (7,28 €/dan) je PK, ki upošteva referenčne vrednosti in slovenske smernice, toda tudi z njo ne dosežemo priporočil za vitamin D. Najdražja je PK, ki upošteva prehranske navade Slovencev in referenčne vrednosti. Cena takšne PK znaša 18,36 €/dan in z njo pokrijmo potrebe po vseh mikro- in makrohranilih. Kot eno izmed možnih prilagoditev smo izdelali še redukcijsko PK za žensko staro 25-51 let in ugotovili, da cena takšne PK, za eno osebo, znaša 4,67 €/dan in z njo zadostimo čisto vsem priporočilom. Izdelava PK z metodo LP lahko olajša razvoj nacionalnih prehranskih priporočil na stroškovno učinkovit način. Potrebno je le še raziskati kako priporočila o zdravem prehranjevanju najbolj učinkovito implementirali med populacijo.One of the main health risks today is the unbalanced diet. It can influence the progression of non-communicable diseases (NCD), obesity and even micronutrient deficiencies. The price of food is supposed to have the one of the biggest influences on the food that people buy, especially for people with low socio-economic status. In addition, studies show that diet of Slovenians is inappropriate and unhealthy and due to these facts, the main aim of our study was to construct a low-cost and at the same time nutritious Slovenian food basket (FB) that would help maintain the health of population, prevent lack of certain micronutrients but at the same time be culturally and economically acceptable, especially for people with lower income. The FBs were built using Linear Programming (LP). The foods included in FBs were chosen according to the eating habits of Slovenians. We constructed five FBs for a four member family, at which we considered Slovenian dietary guidelines (SDG), eating habits of Slovenians and recommendations for nutrient intake. Our results show that the cheapest FB is the FB that considers only SDG (2.38€), a bit more expensive FB is the one following eating habits of Slovenians (6.33€), but both of them do not meet all nutrient recommendations. Next in line is the FB that follows recommendations for nutrient intake (6.92€), but it does not satisfy recommendation for vitamin D. This is also seen in FB that considers SDG and recommendations for nutrient intake (7.28€/day). The most expensive FB, with 18.36€/day, is the one that takes into account recommendations for nutrient intake and the Slovenian eating habits. This FB covers all micro- and macronutrients. As one of the possible adjustments we constructed a reduction FB for women aged 25-51 years. The price of such FB for one person was 4.67€/day, and it meets all recommendations for nutrient intake. The process of building a FB using LP can help develop cost efficient national food recommendations. What still needs to be explored is how to implement the recommendations of healthy eating habits among the Slovenian population

SnackTrack—An App-Based Tool to Assess the Influence of Digital and Physical Environments on Snack Choice

As food choices are usually processed subconsciously, both situational and food environment cues influence choice. This study developed and tested a mobile app to investigate the association between physical and digital environments on snack choices. SnackTrack was designed and used to collect data on the snack choices of 188 users in real-life settings during an 8-week feasibility trial. The app asks users to take a photo of the food they are planning to consume and to provide additional information regarding the physical environment and context in which this food was eaten. The app also displayed various user interface designs (i.e., different background images) to investigate the potential effects of images on snack choice. Preliminary results suggest that the time of snack obtainment did not have a significant effect on the healthfulness of the snacks chosen. Conversely, it was found that unhealthy background images appeared to encourage healthier snack choices. In conclusion, despite consumers having the knowledge to make healthy choices, environmental cues can alter food choices. SnackTrack, a novel tool to investigate the influence of physical and digital environments on consumers’ food choices, provides possibilities for exploring what encourages (un)healthy eating behaviours

CafeteriaFCD Corpus: Food Consumption Data Annotated with Regard to Different Food Semantic Resources

Besides the numerous studies in the last decade involving food and nutrition data, this domain remains low resourced. Annotated corpuses are very useful tools for researchers and experts of the domain in question, as well as for data scientists for analysis. In this paper, we present the annotation process of food consumption data (recipes) with semantic tags from different semantic resources—Hansard taxonomy, FoodOn ontology, SNOMED CT terminology and the FoodEx2 classification system. FoodBase is an annotated corpus of food entities—recipes—which includes a curated version of 1000 instances, considered a gold standard. In this study, we use the curated version of FoodBase and two different approaches for annotating—the NCBO annotator (for the FoodOn and SNOMED CT annotations) and the semi-automatic StandFood method (for the FoodEx2 annotations). The end result is a new version of the golden standard of the FoodBase corpus, called the CafeteriaFCD (Cafeteria Food Consumption Data) corpus. This corpus contains food consumption data—recipes—annotated with semantic tags from the aforementioned four different external semantic resources. With these annotations, data interoperability is achieved between five semantic resources from different domains. This resource can be further utilized for developing and training different information extraction pipelines using state-of-the-art NLP approaches for tracing knowledge about food safety applications

Inadequate intake of dietary fibre in adolescents, adults, and elderlies

Dietary fibre has proven to promote healthy body mass and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. To date, in Slovenia, there were only a few outdated studies of dietary fibre intaketherefore, we explored the dietary fibre intake using food consumption data collected in the SI.Menu project. Following the EU Menu methodology, data were collected on representative samples of adolescents, adults, and elderlies using a general questionnaire, a food propensity questionnaire, and two 24 h recalls. The results indicate that the intake of dietary fibre in Slovenia is lower than recommended. The proportion of the population with inadequate fibre intakes (<30 g/day) was 90.6% in adolescents, 89.6% in adults, and 83.9% in elderlies, while mean daily fibre intakes were 19.5, 20.9, and 22.4 g, respectively. Significant determinants for inadequate dietary fibre intake were sex in adolescents and adults, and body mass index in adults. The main food groups contributing to dietary fibre intake were bread and other grain products, vegetables and fruits, with significant differences between population groups. Contribution of fruits and vegetables to mean daily dietary fibre intake was highest in elderlies (11.6 g), followed by adults (10.6 g) and adolescents (8.5 g). Public health strategies, such as food reformulation, promoting whole-meal alternatives, consuming whole foods of plant origin, and careful planning of school meals could beneficially contribute to the overall dietary fibre intake in the population

Razstava študentskih del pri predmetih Osnove keramike in kreativna keramika v študijskem letu 2013/14

Razstava torej ponuja pogled na dela v keramiki prvega letnika, ki so številčnejša, kot tudi drugega letnika, katerih del je manj, vendar tudi po velikosti nekoliko izstopajo. Posebej je potrebno pohvaliti dve deli, ki ju žal ni na razstavi, saj sta bili odbrani za protokolarni namen Pedagoške fakultete. To sta deli Kristine Gruden in Eve Rak . Ne nazadnje pohvala velja vsem, ki prispevajo, da se keramika razvija in napreduje na naši fakulteti in izven nje, kar dokazujejo uspehi naših bivših študentov

Razstava študentskih del pri predmetih Osnove keramike in kreativna keramika v študijskem letu 2013/14

Razstava torej ponuja pogled na dela v keramiki prvega letnika, ki so številčnejša, kot tudi drugega letnika, katerih del je manj, vendar tudi po velikosti nekoliko izstopajo. Posebej je potrebno pohvaliti dve deli, ki ju žal ni na razstavi, saj sta bili odbrani za protokolarni namen Pedagoške fakultete. To sta deli Kristine Gruden in Eve Rak . Ne nazadnje pohvala velja vsem, ki prispevajo, da se keramika razvija in napreduje na naši fakulteti in izven nje, kar dokazujejo uspehi naših bivših študentov

Impact of COVID-19 confinement on eating behaviours across 16 European countries: The COVIDiet cross-national study

We aimed to evaluate the changes in eating behaviours of the adult population across 16 European countries due to the COVID-19 confinement and to evaluate whether these changes were somehow related to the severity of the containment measures applied in each country. An anonymous online self-reported questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, validated 14-items Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, eating and lifestyle behaviours prior to and during the COVID-19 confinement was used to collect data. The study included an adult population residing in 16 European countries at the time of the survey. Aggregated Stringency Index (SI) score, based on data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, was calculated for each country at the time the questionnaire was distributed (range: 0–100). A total of 36,185 participants completed the questionnaire (77.6% female, 75.2% with high educational level and 42.7% aged between 21 and 35 years). In comparison to pre-confinement, a significantly higher adherence to the MedDiet during the confinement was observed across all countries (overall MEDAS score prior to- and during confinement: 5.23 ± 2.06 vs. 6.15 ± 2.06; p < 0.001), with the largest increase seen in Greece and North Macedonia. The highest adherence to MedDiet during confinement was found in Spain and Portugal (7.18 ± 1.84 and 7.34 ± 1.95, respectively). Stricter contingency restrictions seemed to lead to a significantly higher increase in the adherence to the MedDiet. The findings from this cross-sectional study could be used to inform current diet-related public health guidelines to ensure optimal nutrition is followed among the population, which in turn would help to alleviate the current public health crisis