Antigen interaction with B cells in two proliferative disorders : CLL and MGUS

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to elucidate B cell interaction with antigen in the two B cell proliferative disorders chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In the first part we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL cells and characterized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed CLL cell lines with regard to phenotype and genotype. The second part consists of studies on the antigen presenting capacity of myelin protein zero (P0) specific MGUS B cells and their relation to T cells and development of polyneuropathy. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to elucidate B cell interaction with antigen in the two B cell proliferative disorders chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In the first part we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL cells and characterized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed CLL cell lines with regard to phenotype and genotype. The second part consists of studies on the antigen presenting capacity of myelin protein zero (P0) specific MGUS B cells and their relation to T cells and development of polyneuropathy. CLL cells are considered antigen experienced and different patient-derived CLL cells expressing B cell receptors (BCR) with highly homologous antigen binding sites are believed to have been selected by a common antigen at some point during the leukemogenesis. In paper I we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL-cell derived antibodies (Abs) with various IGHV gene usage and stereotyped BCR subset belonging. Identified CLL antigens included vimentin, filamin B, cofilin-1, proline rich acidic protein-1, cardiolipin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides. Many of the CLL Abs studied displayed an oligo- or polyreactive antigen binding pattern and the identified antigens were either associated with apoptotic cells or microbial infection. This is similar to what has been described for innate natural antibodies, possibly indicating that CLL cells are derived from a natural-antibody- producing B cell population. Further characterization of CLL homology subset-2 antigen specificity showed binding to glands in human gastric mucosa corpus tissue sections for a CLL homology subset-2 Ab with HCDR3 motif-1, suggesting that this CLL subset recognize an autoantigen much like the CLL Abs tested in Paper I. Characterization of EBV-transformed CLL and normal lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in paper II showed that eight of the CLL cell lines were verified to be of authentic neoplastic origin. Indication for a biclonal CLL was found in two of the cell lines and two of the presumably normal LCLs turned out to represent the malignant CLL clone. For three cell lines no conclusive evidence for CLL origin could be found emphasizing the importance of verifying the identity of cell lines used in research

Antigen interaction with B cells in two proliferative disorders : CLL and MGUS

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to elucidate B cell interaction with antigen in the two B cell proliferative disorders chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In the first part we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL cells and characterized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed CLL cell lines with regard to phenotype and genotype. The second part consists of studies on the antigen presenting capacity of myelin protein zero (P0) specific MGUS B cells and their relation to T cells and development of polyneuropathy. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to elucidate B cell interaction with antigen in the two B cell proliferative disorders chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In the first part we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL cells and characterized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed CLL cell lines with regard to phenotype and genotype. The second part consists of studies on the antigen presenting capacity of myelin protein zero (P0) specific MGUS B cells and their relation to T cells and development of polyneuropathy. CLL cells are considered antigen experienced and different patient-derived CLL cells expressing B cell receptors (BCR) with highly homologous antigen binding sites are believed to have been selected by a common antigen at some point during the leukemogenesis. In paper I we investigated the antigen specificity of CLL-cell derived antibodies (Abs) with various IGHV gene usage and stereotyped BCR subset belonging. Identified CLL antigens included vimentin, filamin B, cofilin-1, proline rich acidic protein-1, cardiolipin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides. Many of the CLL Abs studied displayed an oligo- or polyreactive antigen binding pattern and the identified antigens were either associated with apoptotic cells or microbial infection. This is similar to what has been described for innate natural antibodies, possibly indicating that CLL cells are derived from a natural-antibody- producing B cell population. Further characterization of CLL homology subset-2 antigen specificity showed binding to glands in human gastric mucosa corpus tissue sections for a CLL homology subset-2 Ab with HCDR3 motif-1, suggesting that this CLL subset recognize an autoantigen much like the CLL Abs tested in Paper I. Characterization of EBV-transformed CLL and normal lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in paper II showed that eight of the CLL cell lines were verified to be of authentic neoplastic origin. Indication for a biclonal CLL was found in two of the cell lines and two of the presumably normal LCLs turned out to represent the malignant CLL clone. For three cell lines no conclusive evidence for CLL origin could be found emphasizing the importance of verifying the identity of cell lines used in research

Perceptions about children neuropsychiatry’s diagnoses

Children become diagnosed with neuropsychiatry diagnostic. The diagnostic of children is critiqued from. The national board of health and welfare because the child psychiatric clinics differ in the reliability of diagnostic. This is a problem both in the same clinic and between clinics. The purpose is to investigate if parents of children with neuropsychiatry diagnostic consider that the diagnostic criteria were met when the child was diagnosed. The method was first a pilot study with surveys and interviews. The study was a telephone survey with parents of diagnosed children. The result indicates that the parents didn’t experience that the diagnostic criteria was met. The discussion suggests that communication between parents, child psychiatry and school needs to improve.076177784

When pupil and parents become- the other´s

One of sociology´s to assess the effects of political decision. According to sociologist Anders Persson the society is changing, and in that change social fear appear. In the reaction of social fear some people are being excluded. In that more narrow frame for normality laws are created that makes some parents and their children “the other”. Nine years ago the sociologist Eva Kärfve published a book that was very critical to the newborn psychiatrics diagnosing of children as a way of segregating groups in society. I am sad to say but she was right. According to the theory of Howard Becker I use a social interaction perspective to understand and interpret people´s actions. This perspective means that people through their actions creates phenomena in society. Becker´s book Tricks of the trade gives tools to investigate situations in society. The purpose of this study is to through a case study increase the understanding of a parent´s experiences in a case where municipality moved a pupil against the parents will. The method is case study, where the bulk is an interview with a pupil´s parents. The study shows the steps of human interaction that lead to the moving of a pupil against the parents will. The result indicates that the decision of what a violation of the norm is decides if the new law is to be executed. I present the school´s action from a view of the society and conclude with the questions: If we are using laws instead of giving schools economic resources, is that really what we want? If just one child is taken away from his school for the wrong reasons, is that not a case too much? The sociology is supposed to plead people without a voice cause. Reflect a structure of society and elucidate problems according to different theoretic perspectives. For me personally, the area of problem preceded the method. This study had not been what it is without the case. It takes a great deal of courage to invite a stranger to one´s home and talk about painful experiences. In the end I like to purpose that life is for everybody.070990265

Jag och mitt fanskap : vad musik kan göra för människor

This dissertation aims to find further understanding of how people with special interest in a certain artist utilise music and the fact that they are fans in their everyday lives. I have opted to study two fans included in each group selected for this study: Kiss, Status Quo and Lasse Stefanz, one male and one female fan belonging to each respective group. I have worked according to grounded theory as a method, and through an analysis of their musical life stories, I have attempted to identify why they became fans and how them being fans has affected them in their lives. Four categories, fandom as: a marker of identity, socialisation, a form of self therapy and a pseudo religion and the core category authenticity usage show the results of the study. The categories show that to a large extent it all comes down to the musical identity of these people, i.e. the identity of being a fan, and their experiences of being fans. They have been socialised into a specific genre, which has meant increased interest in a specific artist. Family, media and friends have all played a part in this socialisation. The informants have developed cultural competence as concerns their idols, although they have also gained the subcultural capital resources required in order to come across as credible fans. Various kinds of experiences offer meaning and nourish the fans. Security and stability in everyday lives are also contributing factors to them being fans and the music offers them something that they are unable to acquire from elsewhere. They have established different strategies in order to be able to be fans, one of these being legitimacy. A vital part of this legitimacy consists in them viewing the bands as authentic, i.e. important

”Don't stand so close to me” : Musik som medel för att hantera en pandemi

Eva Kjellander Hellqvist bidrag diskuterar musikens betydelse för välmående, under en tid då det inte har varit möjligt att gå på konserter, fotbollsmatcher eller på annat sätt uppleva musik eller evenemang. Kjellander Hellquist diskuterar hur musik och känslor kopplas ihop med tidigare erfarenheter och hur utövandet av fanskap påverkats under pandemin

Musik och idoler : om att vara fans till lågstatusband

Alla människor har någon gång i sitt liv en idol eller i alla fall någon de ser upp till, en förebild. Detta är ett fenomen som i mångt och mycket hör ungdomen till, men också något som kan följa med genom hela livet. Under de tidiga tonåren börjar individen utveckla en egen musiksmak och detta sker ofta genom influenser från familj, media och kamrater och hänger intimt samman med identitetsprocessen. I min avhandling Jag och mitt fanskap- vad musik kan betyda för människor (2013) visar jag hur viktigt det är även för vuxna att ha idoler, och vad det innebär för den enskilda personen.  I denna artikel, som utgår från avhandlingen, handlar det om sex fans till lågstatusbanden Kiss (hårdrock, bildades 1973), Status Quo (boogie-woogierock, bildades 1962) och Lasse Stefanz (dansband, bildades 1967), alltså band med låg autenticitet som inte tillhör den outtalade populärmusikaliska kanon som finns. Denna kanon bestäms i stor utsträckning av journalister och forskare, det vill säga dem som oftast kommer med olika smakomdömen och som väljer vilka artister som är värda att skriva om. För fansen till dessa lågstatusband är det dock oproblematiskt då de ser artisterna som äkta och väderfulla, oavsett hur andra uppfattar dem. Problemen som uppstår är av annan karaktär och handlar om hur fansen hanterar det faktum att omvärlden har en annan syn på artisterna än vad de själva har. Det har alltså inget att göra med huruvida banden är bra eller dåliga, det är upp till var och en att bedöma, och för fansen är de självklart väldigt bra. Syftet med denna artikel är därför att visa på de olika strategier fansen kan anta för att hantera det faktum att de är fans till lågstatusband. För en fördjupning kring detta hänvisar jag till min avhandling Jag och mitt fanskap- vad musik kan betyda för människor (2013).

Lekens betydelse : Förskollärarnas syn på lekens betydelse för barns sociala utveckling, lärande och miljö

Denna uppsats är en empirisk studie om hur förskolepersonal resonerar och tolkar lekens betydelse för barns sociala utveckling, lärande och miljö. Vårt syfte med denna fallstudie är att undersöka vad förskolepersonalen på tre förskolor och tre förskoleklasser har för uppfattning när det gäller lekens betydelse. Utifrån vår fallstudie där vi har intervjuat sex förskollärare har vi fått deras tolkningar och syn på leken, lärandet och miljöns betydelse för barns utveckling. I undersökningen har vi arbetat utifrån kvalitativa metoder och djupintervjuer. Totalt har sex personer på tre förskolor och i tre förskoleklasser intervjuats och det har endast varit förskollärare. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats i sin helhet. Resultatet från de sex intervjuerna av förskollärarna visar att det finns många likheter i deras tolkningar av lekens betydelse. Där redovisas deras syn på hur viktig de tycker att leken är och på vilket sätt de använder lek och lärande i förskolan och skolan. Förskollärarnas uppfattning om att miljön är anpassningsbar utefter barns behov samt att den ska vara inbjudande och locka till lek och lärande. I vår studie av förskollärarnas tolkningar är de överens om att de försökte använda leken i så stor utsträckning som möjligt. Det de anser som ett dilemma är all strävan efter mål som skall uppfyllas. Förskollärarna betonar att tiden till lek ofta försummas i och med detta