51 research outputs found
Domain Generalization Strategy to Train Classifiers Robust to Spatial-Temporal Shift
Deep learning-based weather prediction models have advanced significantly in
recent years. However, data-driven models based on deep learning are difficult
to apply to real-world applications because they are vulnerable to
spatial-temporal shifts. A weather prediction task is especially susceptible to
spatial-temporal shifts when the model is overfitted to locality and
seasonality. In this paper, we propose a training strategy to make the weather
prediction model robust to spatial-temporal shifts. We first analyze the effect
of hyperparameters and augmentations of the existing training strategy on the
spatial-temporal shift robustness of the model. Next, we propose an optimal
combination of hyperparameters and augmentation based on the analysis results
and a test-time augmentation. We performed all experiments on the W4C22
Transfer dataset and achieved the 1st performance.Comment: Core Transfer Track 1st place solution in Weather4Cast competition at
NeuIPS2
Simple Baseline for Weather Forecasting Using Spatiotemporal Context Aggregation Network
Traditional weather forecasting relies on domain expertise and
computationally intensive numerical simulation systems. Recently, with the
development of a data-driven approach, weather forecasting based on deep
learning has been receiving attention. Deep learning-based weather forecasting
has made stunning progress, from various backbone studies using CNN, RNN, and
Transformer to training strategies using weather observations datasets with
auxiliary inputs. All of this progress has contributed to the field of weather
forecasting; however, many elements and complex structures of deep learning
models prevent us from reaching physical interpretations. This paper proposes a
SImple baseline with a spatiotemporal context Aggregation Network (SIANet) that
achieved state-of-the-art in 4 parts of 5 benchmarks of W4C22. This simple but
efficient structure uses only satellite images and CNNs in an end-to-end
fashion without using a multi-model ensemble or fine-tuning. This simplicity of
SIANet can be used as a solid baseline that can be easily applied in weather
forecasting using deep learning.Comment: 1st place solution for stage1 and Core Transfer in the Weather4Cast
competition on NeurIPS 2
Nuclear starburst activity induced by elongated bulges in spiral galaxies
We study the effects of bulge elongation on the star formation activity in
the centers of spiral galaxies using the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Data Release 7. We construct a volume-limited sample of face-on spiral galaxies
with 19.5 mag at 0.02 0.055 by excluding barred galaxies,
where the aperture of the SDSS spectroscopic fibre covers the bulges of the
galaxies. We adopt the ellipticity of bulges measured by Simard et al. (2011)
who performed two-dimensional bulge+disc decompositions using the SDSS images
of galaxies, and identify nuclear starbursts using the fibre specific star
formation rates derived from the SDSS spectra. We find a statistically
significant correlation between bulge elongation and nuclear starbursts in the
sense that the fraction of nuclear starbursts increases with bulge elongation.
This correlation is more prominent for fainter and redder galaxies, which
exhibit higher ratios of elongated bulges. We find no significant environmental
dependence of the correlation between bulge elongation and nuclear starbursts.
These results suggest that non-axisymmetric bulges can efficiently feed the gas
into the centre of galaxies to trigger nuclear starburst activity.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Auto-Guiding System for CQUEAN (Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse)
To perform imaging observation of optically red objects such as high redshift
quasars and brown dwarfs, the Center for the Exploration of the Origin of the
Universe (CEOU) recently developed an optical CCD camera, Camera for QUasars in
EArly uNiverse(CQUEAN), which is sensitive at 0.7-1.1 um. To enable
observations with long exposures, we developed an auto-guiding system for
CQUEAN. This system consists of an off-axis mirror, a baffle, a CCD camera, a
motor and a differential decelerator. To increase the number of available
guiding stars, we designed a rotating mechanism for the off-axis guiding
camera. The guiding field can be scanned along the 10 acrmin ring offset from
the optical axis of the telescope. Combined with the auto-guiding software of
the McDonald Observatory, we confirmed that a stable image can be obtained with
an exposure time as long as 1200 seconds.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Korean Astronomical Society
(JKAS
Prediction of Cancer Patient Outcomes Based on Artificial Intelligence
Knowledge-based outcome predictions are common before radiotherapy. Because there are various treatment techniques, numerous factors must be considered in predicting cancer patient outcomes. As expectations surrounding personalized radiotherapy using complex data have increased, studies on outcome predictions using artificial intelligence have also increased. Representative artificial intelligence techniques used to predict the outcomes of cancer patients in the field of radiation oncology include collecting and processing big data, text mining of clinical literature, and machine learning for implementing prediction models. Here, methods of data preparation and model construction to predict rates of survival and toxicity using artificial intelligence are described
Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (CQUEAN)
We describe the overall characteristics and the performance of an optical CCD
camera system, Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (CQUEAN), which is being
used at the 2.1 m Otto Struve Telescope of the McDonald Observatory since 2010
August. CQUEAN was developed for follow-up imaging observations of red sources
such as high redshift quasar candidates (z >= 5), Gamma Ray Bursts, brown
dwarfs, and young stellar objects. For efficient observations of the red
objects, CQUEAN has a science camera with a deep depletion CCD chip which
boasts a higher quantum efficiency at 0.7 - 1.1 um than conventional CCD chips.
The camera was developed in a short time scale (~ one year), and has been
working reliably. By employing an auto-guiding system and a focal reducer to
enhance the field of view on the classical Cassegrain focus, we achieve a
stable guiding in 20 minute exposures, an imaging quality with FWHM >= 0.6"
over the whole field (4.8' * 4.8'), and a limiting magnitude of z = 23.4 AB mag
at 5-sigma with one hour total integration time.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASP. 26 pages including 5 tables and 24
figure
Photometric Redshifts in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide Field based on a Deep Optical Survey with Hyper Suprime-Cam
The space infrared telescope has performed near- to mid-infrared
(MIR) observations on the North Ecliptic Pole Wide (NEPW) field (5.4 deg)
for about one year. took advantage of its continuous nine photometric
bands, compared with NASA's and WISE space telescopes, which had only
four filters with a wide gap in the MIR. The NEPW field lacked deep and
homogeneous optical data, limiting the use of nearly half of the IR sources for
extra-galactic studies owing to the absence of photometric redshifts
(photo-zs). To remedy this, we have recently obtained deep optical imaging over
the NEPW field with 5 bands (, , , , and ) of the Hyper
Suprime-Camera (HSC) on the Subaru 8m telescope. We optically identify AKARI-IR
sources along with supplementary and WISE data as well as
pre-existing optical data. In this work, we derive new photo-zs using a
template-fitting method code ( ) and reliable photometry
from 26 selected filters including HSC, , CFHT, Maidanak, KPNO,
and WISE data. We take 2026 spectroscopic redshifts (spec-z) from all
available spectroscopic surveys over the NEPW to calibrate and assess the
accuracy of the photo-zs. At z < 1.5, we achieve a weighted photo-z dispersion
of = 0.053 with = 11.3% catastrophic errors.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. For summary
video, please see http://youtu.be/hjNJRCoBIg
The Effect of Galaxy Interactions on Molecular Gas Properties
© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Galaxy interactions are often accompanied by an enhanced star formation rate (SFR). Since molecular gas is essential for star formation, it is vital to establish whether and by how much galaxy interactions affect the molecular gas properties. We investigate the effect of interactions on global molecular gas properties by studying a sample of 58 galaxies in pairs and 154 control galaxies. Molecular gas properties are determined from observations with the JCMT, PMO, and CSO telescopes and supplemented with data from the xCOLD GASS and JINGLE surveys at 12CO(1-0) and 12CO(2-1). The SFR, gas mass (), and gas fraction (f gas) are all enhanced in galaxies in pairs by ∼2.5 times compared to the controls matched in redshift, mass, and effective radius, while the enhancement of star formation efficiency (SFE ≡SFR/) is less than a factor of 2. We also find that the enhancements in SFR, and f gas, increase with decreasing pair separation and are larger in systems with smaller stellar mass ratio. Conversely, the SFE is only enhanced in close pairs (separation <20 kpc) and equal-mass systems; therefore, most galaxies in pairs lie in the same parameter space on the SFR- plane as controls. This is the first time that the dependence of molecular gas properties on merger configurations is probed statistically with a relatively large sample and a carefully selected control sample for individual galaxies. We conclude that galaxy interactions do modify the molecular gas properties, although the strength of the effect is dependent on merger configuration.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
The dispensability of VH-VL pairing and the indispensability of VL domain integrity in the IgG1 secretion process
Introduction: The CH1 domain of IgG antibodies controls assembly and secretion, mediated by the molecular chaperone BiP via the endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control (ERQC) mechanism. However, it is not clear whether the variable domains are necessary for this process.Methods: Here, we generated IgG1 antibodies in which the V domain (VH and/or VL) was either removed or replaced, and then assessed expression, assembly, and secretion in HEK293 cells.Results: All Ig variants formed a covalent linkage between the Cγ1 and Cκ, were successfully secreted in an assembled form. Replacement of the cognate Vκ with a non-secretory pseudo Vκ (ψVκ) hindered secretion of individual or assembled secretion of neither heavy chains (HCs) nor light chains (LCs). The ψLC (ψVκ-Cκ) exhibited a less folded structure compared to the wild type (wt) LC, as evidenced by enhanced stable binding to the molecular chaperone BiP and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated dramatic alterations in overall structure of ψFab (Fd-ψLC) from wt Fab.Discussion: These findings suggest that V domains do not initiate HC:LC assembly and secretion; instead, the critical factor governing IgG assembly and secretion is the CH-CL pairing. Additionally, the structural integrity of the VL domain is crucial for IgG secretion. These data offer valuable insight into the design of bioactive molecules based on an IgG backbone
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