Comparison of systemic atracurium, retrobulbar lidocaine, and sub-Tenon's lidocaine injections in akinesia anad mydriasis iin dogs

Objective : To compare the effect of sub-Tenons lidocaine injections (ST) on akinesiaand mydriasis to those of systemic atracurium (AT) and retrobulbar lidocaine injectionsin dogs. Animal studied : Ten healthy beagle dogs without apparent ocular disease. Procedures : Three treatments were performed on 10 beagle dogs with a minimum7-day washout period: intravenous injection of AT (0.2 mg/kg, AT group); retrobulbar(RB) injection of 2% lidocaine (2.0 mL, RB group) in one eye; and sub-Tenons injectionof 2% lidocaine (2.0 mL, ST group) in the opposite eye. When the akinesia wasnot obtained within 10 min, an additional 1 mL of lidocaine was administered in theRB and the ST groups. Results : Onset of akinesia in the AT (1.5 0.9 min) and the ST (3.8 5.8 min)groups was significantly shorter than that in the RB group (9.0 6.5 min). Durationof akinesia in the ST group (116.2 32.8 min) was longer compared to the AT(60.6 23.6 min) and the RB (89.0 52.8 min) groups, even though there was onlya significant difference between the AT and the ST groups. Mydriasis was achieved infive eyes in the RB group and nine eyes in the ST group. There was no significant differencein onset (3.6 3.1 and 2.9 2.3 min, respectively) or duration (91.4 31.9and 102.1 35.8 min, respectively) of mydriasis between the groups. Conclusions : Sub-Tenons lidocaine injections provide excellent akinesia and mydriasiscompared to systemic AT and retrobulbar lidocaine injections. Therefore, sub-Tenons anesthesia could be an alternative to the systemic administration of neuromuscularblockers and retrobulbar anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery in dogs.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000051106/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000051106ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077280DEPT_CD:551CITE_RATE:.959FILENAME:2013-16(6)-440-445.pdfDEPT_NM:수의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of the effects of topical latanoprost on the anterior segment and ciliary body thickness in dogs

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical latanoprost on the anterior segment and ciliary body using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in dogs. Animals studied This study included six eyes of six clinically normal beagles. Procedures UBM scans were performed on six sedated dogs before and 2 h after topical latanoprost instillation. From the next day on, latanoprost was topically applied twice daily for 7 days. After 1 week of instillation, the UBM scans were repeated. The ciliary body thickness (CBT) and the anterior segment parameters, including the iridocorneal angle (ICA), the width of the ciliary cleft (CC) entry, the length of the CC, and the width of the mid-CC, were measured. Results The topical latanoprost decreased the ICA and CC entry width and increased the mid-CC width without any significant alterations in the CC length. There were time-dependent alterations in the CBT: a reduction in the CBT after 2 h of instillation and rebound thickening after 1 week of instillation. Conclusions The topical latanoprost widened the ciliary cleft despite the narrowing of the ICA and CC entry. Time-dependent alterations in the CBT were demonstrated by the UBM and might be a reflection of the mechanism of the uveoscleral outflow enhancement induced by the topical latanoprost.N

Effect of onion extract on corneal haze suppression after air assisted lamellar keratectomy

This study evaluated the effect of onion extract on corneal haze suppression after applying the air assisted lamellar keratectomy. The air assisted lamellar keratectomy was performed on 24 canine eyes. They were treated with an artificial tear (group C), prednisolone acetate (group P), onion extract (group O) and TGF-β1 (group T) three times per day from 7 to 28 days after the surgery. Corneal haze occurred on the all eyes and was observed beginning 7 days after the surgery. The haze was significantly decreased in groups P and O from day 14 compared with the group C using the clinical (group P; P=0.021, group O; P=0.037) and objective evaluation method (group P; P=0.021, group O; P=0.039). In contrast, it was significantly increased in group T from day 14 compared with group C based on the clinical (P=0.002) and objective evaluation method (P<0.001). Subsequently, these eyes were enucleated after euthanasia, and immunohistochemistry with α-SMA antibodies was done. The total green intensity for α-SMA was significantly more expressed in group T and significantly less expressed in groups P and O than in group C. Onion extract could have potential as a therapeutic in preventing corneal haze development by suppressing the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

Determining the age of cats by pulp cavity/tooth width ratio using dental radiography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the ratio of pulp cavity/tooth width (P/T ratio) in healthy cats. The dental radiographs of 32 cats (16 males and 16 females) were generated with a digital dental X-ray unit with the animals under general anesthesia. Standardized measurement of the canine teeth was performed by drawing a line on the radiograph perpendicular to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the tooth. There was an inversely proportional correlation between chronological age and the P/T ratio. Moreover, a strong Pearson squared correlation (γ(2) = 0.92) was identified by the curved regression model. No significant differences in the P/T ratio based on gender or breed were found. These results suggest that determination of age by P/T ratio could be clinically useful for estimating the chronological age of cats

Air assisted lamellar keratectomy for the corneal haze model

To standardize the corneal haze model in the resection depth and size for efficient corneal haze development, air assisted lamellar keratectomy was performed. The ex vivo porcine corneas were categorized into four groups depending on the trephined depth: 250 µm (G1), 375 µm (G2), 500 µm (G3) and 750 µm (G4). The stroma was equally ablated at the five measurement sites in all groups. Significant differences were observed between the trephined corneal depths for resection and ablated corneal thickness in G1 (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the trephined corneal depth for resection and the ablated corneal thickness in G2, G3, and G4. The resection percentage was similar in all groups after microscopic imaging of corneal sections. Air assisted lamellar keratectomy (AK) and conventional keratectomy (CK) method were applied to six beagles, after which development of corneal haze was evaluated weekly until postoperative day 28. The occurrence of corneal haze in the AK group was significantly higher than that in the CK group beginning 14 days after surgery. Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression was significantly higher in the AK group (p < 0.001) than the CK group. Air assisted lamellar keratectomy was used to achieve the desired corneal thickness after resection and produce sufficient corneal haze