10 research outputs found

    Travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Canada : vers une mise à jour des catégories et indicateurs démographiques ?

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    Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

    Mobilizing in borderline citizenship regimes : a comparative analysis of undocumented migrants’ collective actions

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    This article seeks to explain how and why groups and networks of undocumented migrants mobilizing in Berlin, MontrĂ©al, and Paris since the beginning of the 2000s construct different types of claims. The authors explore the relationship between undocumented migrants and state authorities at the local level through the concept of the citizenship regime and its specific application to undocumented migrants (which they describe as the “borderline citizenship regime”). Despite their common formal exclusion from citizenship, nonstatus migrants experience different degrees and forms of exclusion in their daily lives, in terms of access to certain rights and services, recognition, and belonging within the state (whether through formally or nonformally recognized means). As a result, they have an opportunity to create different, specific forms of leeway in the society in which they live. The concurrence of these different degrees of exclusion and different forms of leeway defines specific conditions of mobilization. The authors demonstrate how the content of their claims is influenced by these conditions of mobilization

    Labour Migration Program Declared a "Modern Form of Slavery" under Constitutional Review : Employer-Tying Measure's Impact vs Mythical "Harm Reduction" Policies

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    Une controverse judiciaire internationale s’est consolidĂ©e en 2011 lorsqu’une faible majoritĂ© de la Cour Constitutionnelle de la RĂ©publique de CorĂ©e contredit un arrĂȘt de 2006 de la Cour SuprĂȘme d’IsraĂ«l. À l’unanimitĂ©, les juges israĂ©liens ont conclu que mĂȘme combinĂ©e avec une procĂ©dure de changement d’employeur, le systĂšme de permis de travail liĂ©s Ă  un employeur spĂ©cifique crĂ©e une forme moderne d’esclavage et constitue une violation Ă©tatique injustifiable des droits fondamentaux Ă  la libertĂ© et Ă  la dignitĂ© des travailleurs (im)migrants. Ainsi, certaines questions juridiques clĂ©s demeurent: d’autres politiques ont un impact similaire sur les droits fondamentaux Ă  l’émission de permis de travail liĂ©s Ă  un employeur? Les donnĂ©es empiriques confirment-elles que certaines mesures additionnelles de protection sont en mesure de rĂ©duire l’effet nĂ©gatif des politiques liant le travailleur Ă  son employeur? Si non, comment devraient ĂȘtre modifiĂ©s les programmes d’admission de travailleurs (im)migrants afin d’assurer, en particulier, le respect leurs droits fondamentaux Ă  la libertĂ©, Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ© et Ă  l’accĂšs Ă  la justice? Le cadre lĂ©gal de l’immigration au Canada intĂšgre tous les types de politiques liant le travailleur Ă  un employeur spĂ©cifique, soit la reconnaissance de privilĂšges pour certains (A) de parrainer ou de « blacklister » un travailleur (im)migrant, (B) d’imposer d’une obligation de travail auprĂšs d’un employeur/agent au pays, (C) d’imposer au pays un transfert vers un autre employeur spĂ©cifique ou (D) de dĂ©clencher le processus de rapatriement dans son pays d’origine d’un travailleur (im)migrant. Le Programme des Travailleurs Agricoles Saisonniers canadien est, de plus, caractĂ©risĂ© spĂ©cifiquement par les trois types de mesures spĂ©ciales de « rĂ©duction des abus » discutĂ©es par les juges israĂ©liens et sud-corĂ©ens. Or, l’analyse des donnĂ©es empiriques -en fonction du cadre conceptuel des ‘atteintes Ă©tatiques au droit Ă  la libertĂ©/sĂ©curitĂ©/accĂšs Ă  la justice’ dĂ©veloppĂ© par la Cour suprĂȘme du Canada-rĂ©vĂšle que, mĂȘme en cas de mise en oeuvre des trois mesures spĂ©ciales de « rĂ©duction des abus », les travailleurs (im)migrants sous politique liant Ă  l’employeur font face (1) Ă  des contraintes Ă©tatiques Ă  leur libertĂ© physique, (2) Ă  des risques accrus de prĂ©judice induits par l’État, (3) Ă  un stress psychologique majeur induit par l’État, (4) Ă  une restriction Ă©tatique de leur droit de ne pas ĂȘtre tenu en servitude, et plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de leur libertĂ© Ă  faire les choix fondamentaux de quitter son employeur, son occupation, et son lieu de rĂ©sidence ou travail, (5) Ă  des obstacles Ă©tatiques Ă  l’accĂšs Ă  la justice au pays et (6) Ă  un dĂ©ni Ă©tatique en matiĂšre d’équitĂ© procĂ©durale. Dans ce contexte, pour que soit possible notamment l’exercide de leurs droits Ă  la libertĂ©, sĂ©curitĂ© et justice, les autoritĂ©s doivent Ă©mettre des autorisations de travail non-restrictives, et assurer bilatĂ©ralement une administration et un prĂ©financement du recrutement, parrainage, placement et intĂ©gration au pays des (im)migrants, ainsi qu’un processus de dĂ©portation respectant les principes d’équitĂ© procĂ©durale. Aussi, vu que la sĂ©paration familiale induite par l’État restreint notamment le droit Ă  l’intĂ©gritĂ© psychologique et qu’une exclusion de l’accĂšs au statut permanent restreint l’exercice du droit d’accĂ©der Ă  la justice au pays, une analyse plus approfondie sera nĂ©cessaire afin de comprendre les liens entre le respect des droits fondamentaux et l’accĂšs Ă  l’arrivĂ©e au pays Ă  des procĂ©dures de rĂ©unification familiale et de statut permanent.An international judicial controversy began in 2011 when a slight majority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Korea reached a conclusion contradicting a 2006 unanimous decision of the Supreme Court of Israel. In the 2006 ruling, Israeli justices held that employer-tied work permit systems, even if incorporating a “change of employers” procedure, create a “modern form of slavery” and, more specifically, constitute unjustifiable state violations of migrant workers’ fundamental rights to liberty and dignity. Thus, key judicial issues remain unsettled: could policies other than employer-tied work permit systems similarly impact (im)migrant workers’ fundamental rights? Does empirical evidence confirm that “harm reduction” measures, including ‘change of employers’ procedures, may significantly reduce an employer-tying policy’s impact on individuals’ right to liberty (and/or to security of the person and access to justice)? If not, which labour (im)migration policies would be compatible with the respect of workers’ fundamental rights? Canada’s immigration law incorporates all types of employer-tying measures: (A) ‘worker sponsorship/blacklisting’ privileges, (B) ‘worker binding’ privileges, (C) ‘worker transfer’ privileges, and (D) ‘worker repatriation’ privileges. By reproducing legal mechanisms characteristic of past state practices which tied indentured workers, slaves and/or former slaves to employers, contemporary immigration frameworks, including various Canada programs such as the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program, rely on employer-tying policies compelling (im)migrant workers in the country to, at all times, “obey and comply with all rules set down by the employer.” The Canadian SAWP also specifically incorporates the three “harm reduction” measures discussed by Israeli and South Korean highest court justices. When analyzed using the Supreme Court of Canada’s “liberty/security/access to justice harms” framework, empirical evidence shows however that, despite the enforcement of such “harm reduction” directives, employer-tied (im)migrant workers face (1) state restrictions to their physical liberty, (2) state-induced increased risks of harm, (3) restriction of their freedom from state interference with psychological integrity, (4) state restriction of their right not to be held under servitude, and more precisely of their freedom to make the fundamental choices to quit one’s employer, to quit one’s occupation, and to quit one’s place of residence or work, (5) state obstacles to access justice in the country, and (6) state denial of procedural fairness. In this context, to allow (im)migrant workers’ exercise of their fundamental rights, open work authorizations must replace (directly or indirectly) employer-tied ones, and co-governmental management and pre-financing of (im)migrant workers’ international recruitment, sponsoring, placement, integration, and deportation processes respecting procedural fairness, must replace the current recognition of employers/agents’ ‘worker acquisition’ and ‘worker removal’ privileges. Since empirical evidence also confirms that state-induced family separation restricts individuals’ right to psychological integrity, and that exclusions to permanent status procedures restrict individuals’ right to access to justice in the country, further analysis are necessary to better understand the link between the respect of fundamental rights and the recognition of family reunification and permanent legal status procedures upon arrival

    Interdiction de changer d'employeur pour les travailleurs migrants : obstacle majeur Ă  l'exercice des droits humains au Canada

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    Cross-border movements for the purpose of employment are associated with different conditions, often restrictive of liberty, linked to the migrant workers status. This article addresses the imposition to these workers of a prohibition to change employer by many governments worldwide. Based on the concrete effects on migrant workers’ lives, the authors tackle the multiple forms and facets of this prohibition, internationally as well as in Canada. Through the presentation of the various programs of admission of foreign workers in Canada, this article explores the consequences of the restriction to change employer on these workers fundamental rights and liberties. This prohibition imposed by the Canadian government, through the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations or diverse administrative practices, puts migrant workers in a vulnerable position that can be qualified as a servile status under the terms of the international Convention on Practices Analogous to Slavery. Finally, the authors offer a deeper analysis of the prohibition to change employer in the light of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights, more specifically in regards to the right to liberty and security of the person as well as the freedom of association.À la migration internationale de travailleurs sont associĂ©s diffĂ©rents programmes d’admission au sein du pays d’emploi, imposant des conditions restreignant parfois significativement la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© des travailleurs migrants. Le prĂ©sent article se penche sur l’interdiction de changer d’employeur. Se basant sur les effets auprĂšs de la main-d’oeuvre touchĂ©e, les auteurs abordent les diffĂ©rentes formes de cette exigence d’un point de vue historique et global, pour ensuite se pencher plus spĂ©cifiquement sur la situation des travailleurs Ă©trangers temporaires au Canada. À travers l’articulation des diffĂ©rents programmes applicables, l’article traite des consĂ©quences de l’interdiction de changer d’employeur sur l’exercice des droits et libertĂ©s fondamentales. Que ce soit par l’intermĂ©diaire du RĂšglement sur l’immigration et la protection des rĂ©fugiĂ©s ou encore de diverses pratiques administratives, l’imposition d’une restriction au changement d’employeur place les travailleurs migrants en territoire canadien en position de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© pouvant ĂȘtre qualifiĂ©e de condition de servitude selon les termes de la Convention sur les pratiques analogues Ă  l’esclavage. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une analyse de cette interdiction Ă  la lumiĂšre de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertĂ©s, plus particuliĂšrement quant au droit Ă  la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© et Ă  la libertĂ© d’association.Depatie-Pelletier EugĂ©nie, Dumont-Robillard Myriam. Interdiction de changer d'employeur pour les travailleurs migrants : obstacle majeur Ă  l'exercice des droits humains au Canada. In: Revue QuĂ©bĂ©coise de droit international, volume 26-2, 2013. pp. 163-200

    INTERDICTION DE CHANGER D’EMPLOYEUR POUR LES TRAVAILLEURS MIGRANTS : OBSTACLE MAJEUR À L’EXERCICE DES DROITS HUMAINS AU CANADA

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    À la migration internationale de travailleurs sont associĂ©s diffĂ©rents programmes d’admission au sein du pays d’emploi, imposant des conditions restreignant parfois significativement la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© des travailleurs migrants. Le prĂ©sent article se penche sur l’interdiction de changer d’employeur. Se basant sur les effets auprĂšs de la main-d’oeuvre touchĂ©e, les auteurs abordent les diffĂ©rentes formes de cette exigence d’un point de vue historique et global, pour ensuite se pencher plus spĂ©cifiquement sur la situation des travailleurs Ă©trangers temporaires au Canada. À travers l’articulation des diffĂ©rents programmes applicables, l’article traite des consĂ©quences de l’interdiction de changer d’employeur sur l’exercice des droits et libertĂ©s fondamentales. Que ce soit par l’intermĂ©diaire du RĂšglement sur l’immigration et la protection des rĂ©fugiĂ©s ou encore de diverses pratiques administratives, l’imposition d’une restriction au changement d’employeur place les travailleurs migrants en territoire canadien en position de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© pouvant ĂȘtre qualifiĂ©e de condition de servitude selon les termes de la Convention sur les pratiques analogues Ă  l’esclavage. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une analyse de cette interdiction Ă  la lumiĂšre de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertĂ©s, plus particuliĂšrement quant au droit Ă  la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© et Ă  la libertĂ© d’association.Cross-border movements for the purpose of employment are associated with different conditions, often restrictive of liberty, linked to the migrant workers status. This article addresses the imposition to these workers of a prohibition to change employer by many governments worldwide. Based on the concrete effects on migrant workers’ lives, the authors tackle the multiple forms and facets of this prohibition, internationally as well as in Canada. Through the presentation of the various programs of admission of foreign workers in Canada, this article explores the consequences of the restriction to change employer on these workers fundamental rights and liberties. This prohibition imposed by the Canadian government, through the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations or diverse administrative practices, puts migrant workers in a vulnerable position that can be qualified as a servile status under the terms of the international Convention on Practices Analogous to Slavery. Finally, the authors offer a deeper analysis of the prohibition to change employer in the light of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights, more specifically in regards to the right to liberty and security of the person as well as the freedom of association

    Interdiction de changer d'employeur pour les travailleurs migrants : obstacle majeur Ă  l'exercice des droits humains au Canada

    No full text
    Cross-border movements for the purpose of employment are associated with different conditions, often restrictive of liberty, linked to the migrant workers status. This article addresses the imposition to these workers of a prohibition to change employer by many governments worldwide. Based on the concrete effects on migrant workers’ lives, the authors tackle the multiple forms and facets of this prohibition, internationally as well as in Canada. Through the presentation of the various programs of admission of foreign workers in Canada, this article explores the consequences of the restriction to change employer on these workers fundamental rights and liberties. This prohibition imposed by the Canadian government, through the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations or diverse administrative practices, puts migrant workers in a vulnerable position that can be qualified as a servile status under the terms of the international Convention on Practices Analogous to Slavery. Finally, the authors offer a deeper analysis of the prohibition to change employer in the light of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights, more specifically in regards to the right to liberty and security of the person as well as the freedom of association.À la migration internationale de travailleurs sont associĂ©s diffĂ©rents programmes d’admission au sein du pays d’emploi, imposant des conditions restreignant parfois significativement la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© des travailleurs migrants. Le prĂ©sent article se penche sur l’interdiction de changer d’employeur. Se basant sur les effets auprĂšs de la main-d’oeuvre touchĂ©e, les auteurs abordent les diffĂ©rentes formes de cette exigence d’un point de vue historique et global, pour ensuite se pencher plus spĂ©cifiquement sur la situation des travailleurs Ă©trangers temporaires au Canada. À travers l’articulation des diffĂ©rents programmes applicables, l’article traite des consĂ©quences de l’interdiction de changer d’employeur sur l’exercice des droits et libertĂ©s fondamentales. Que ce soit par l’intermĂ©diaire du RĂšglement sur l’immigration et la protection des rĂ©fugiĂ©s ou encore de diverses pratiques administratives, l’imposition d’une restriction au changement d’employeur place les travailleurs migrants en territoire canadien en position de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© pouvant ĂȘtre qualifiĂ©e de condition de servitude selon les termes de la Convention sur les pratiques analogues Ă  l’esclavage. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une analyse de cette interdiction Ă  la lumiĂšre de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertĂ©s, plus particuliĂšrement quant au droit Ă  la libertĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© et Ă  la libertĂ© d’association.Depatie-Pelletier EugĂ©nie, Dumont-Robillard Myriam. Interdiction de changer d'employeur pour les travailleurs migrants : obstacle majeur Ă  l'exercice des droits humains au Canada. In: Revue QuĂ©bĂ©coise de droit international, volume 26-2, 2013. pp. 163-200

    Band-Aid on a Bullet Wound—Canada’s Open Work Permit for Vulnerable Workers Policy

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    In June 2019, the Government of Canada implemented the Open work permit for vulnerable workers (OWP-V) policy, authorizing immigration officers to issue open work permits to migrant workers on employer-specific work permits if they demonstrate reasonable grounds to believe that they are experiencing abuse or are at risk of abuse in their workplace. Drawing on research conducted by a community organization on the impact of the policy, this article examines the policy’s potential to remedy the problematic effects of the employer-specific work permit and whether it has been implemented efficiently. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with organizations that provide direct legal and social support to migrant workers in Canada. Additionally, two datasets regarding the role of the OWP-V policy in IRCC’s employer compliance regime were analyzed. The research concludes that the OWP-V policy cannot be expected to counteract the high risk of abuse imposed on workers through the employer-specific work permit. Numerous barriers were identified that make it difficult for migrant workers to apply for the permit. The small number of OWP-V permits issued in proportion to the number of employers authorized to hire migrant workers makes it unlikely that the policy will significantly impact employers’ propensity to comply with the program conditions

    Band-Aid on a Bullet Wound—Canada’s Open Work Permit for Vulnerable Workers Policy

    No full text
    In June 2019, the Government of Canada implemented the Open work permit for vulnerable workers (OWP-V) policy, authorizing immigration officers to issue open work permits to migrant workers on employer-specific work permits if they demonstrate reasonable grounds to believe that they are experiencing abuse or are at risk of abuse in their workplace. Drawing on research conducted by a community organization on the impact of the policy, this article examines the policy’s potential to remedy the problematic effects of the employer-specific work permit and whether it has been implemented efficiently. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with organizations that provide direct legal and social support to migrant workers in Canada. Additionally, two datasets regarding the role of the OWP-V policy in IRCC’s employer compliance regime were analyzed. The research concludes that the OWP-V policy cannot be expected to counteract the high risk of abuse imposed on workers through the employer-specific work permit. Numerous barriers were identified that make it difficult for migrant workers to apply for the permit. The small number of OWP-V permits issued in proportion to the number of employers authorized to hire migrant workers makes it unlikely that the policy will significantly impact employers’ propensity to comply with the program conditions

    La Convention de l'Onu sur les travailleurs migrants et la situation au Canada

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    Les travailleurs étrangers peu qualifiés admis au Canada à titre temporaire - employés domestiques et travailleurs agricoles - placés sous l'autorité légale de leur employeur, possÚdent trÚs peu de droits ; a fortiori les sans-papiers. La politique et les justifications du gouvernement fédéral, la privatisation des politiques d'embauche se heurtent à la dénonciation par les ONG des manquements aux droits fondamentaux qu'ils entraßnent.Piché Victor, Depatie-Pelletier Eugénie, Epale Dina. La Convention de l'Onu sur les travailleurs migrants et la situation au Canada. In: Hommes et Migrations, n°1271, Janvier-février 2008. La Convention des Nations unies sur les droits des travailleurs migrants. Enjeux et Perspectives. pp. 66-81
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