Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination: A Critical Analysis of the Current Regulatory Framework for Law Enforcement under the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and the Proposal for a European Media Freedom Act

The reality of cross-border dissemination of audiovisual content poses growing threats to the fundamental rights and values of the EU. In an increasingly complex network of sectoral EU legislation, including different institutional systems, the question of an effective reaction is pertinent. This study analyses the current legal framework for the cross-border dissemination of audiovisual content, focusing in particular on the country of origin mechanisms of the AVMS Directive, and identifies challenges in this respect for law enforcement. These are compared with approaches from other legal acts, such as the proposed European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), before possible solutions are presented.Die Realität der grenzüberschreitenden Verbreitung audiovisueller Inhalte in Europa birgt steigende Gefahren für Grundrechte und Werte der EU. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie diesen in einem komplexer werdenden Netzwerk sektoraler Rechtsakte der EU mit unterschiedlichen institutionellen Systemen effektiv begegnet werden kann. Die Studie analysiert den geltenden Rechtsrahmen für die grenzüberschreitende Verbreitung audiovisueller Inhalte mit Fokus auf dem Herkunftslandmechanismen der AVMD-Richtlinie und leitet daraus Herausforderungen für die Rechtsdurchsetzung ab. Diese werden mit Ansätzen aus anderen Rechtsakten wie dem vorgeschlagenen European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) verglichen, bevor mögliche Lösungsansätze vorgeschlagen werden

Updating the Rules for Online Content Dissemination

The current legal framework for online content dissemination has proven insufficient to effectively combat illegal content. The Commissions' proposal for an EU ‘Digital Services Act’ aims to update the horizontal framework for intermediaries and create a safe online environment. However, as far as content mediation is concerned, European fundamental rights and values require that the specificities of media law must be taken into account. This study, conducted by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) on behalf of the Media Authority of NRW, describes the current legal framework and the DSA proposal, and provides a comprehensive assessment from the perspective of media law, complemented by alternative proposals for further improvement.illustratorThe current legal framework for online content dissemination has proven insufficient to effectively combat illegal content. The Commissions' proposal for an EU ‘Digital Services Act’ aims to update the horizontal framework for intermediaries and create a safe online environment. However, as far as content mediation is concerned, European fundamental rights and values require that the specificities of media law must be taken into account. This study, conducted by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) on behalf of the Media Authority of NRW, describes the current legal framework and the DSA proposal, and provides a comprehensive assessment from the perspective of media law, complemented by alternative proposals for further improvement

The Implementation and Future of the revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive: Policy Recommendations - Concomitant expertise for Implementation report

KEY FINDINGS The AVMSD should be reinforced as centrepiece of audiovisual content regulation on EU level. Deficiencies within the AVMSD and overlapping with other legal acts need to be addressed such as balancing the country-of-origin principle with necessary exceptions. The current state of implementation with late transpositions hinders final conclusions regarding the innovative new rules. Nevertheless, focus of the monitoring of the new AVMSD application should be on the assessment of measures taken by video-sharing platform providers. European works promotion obligations need careful analysis before being able to discuss possible future adjustments, based on the actual impact the provisions have on the audiovisual market. Institutional structures with national authorities operating independently of market and political powers and cooperating efficiently on European level in an equally independent manner need to be safeguarded for an effective, fundamental rights observant oversight. Reactions to providers under control of third countries, as with the measures under AVMSD and the economic sanctions package against Russian operators, show the importance of being able to rely on media law based and robust response schemes in the future. In order to improve coherence and consistency of the regulatory framework, discussion on proposed legal acts, namely the European Media Freedom Act should be seen in the context of implementation analysis of the current AVMSD to be done by the European Parliament

Recent Developments and Overview of the Country and Practitioners Reports

peer reviewedThis part of the EDPL hosts reports in which our correspondents keep readers abreast of various national data protection developments in Europe, as well as on the most recent questions in different privacy policy areas. The Reports are organised in cooperation with the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) in Saarbrücken (www.emr-sb.de) of which the Reports Edito

Global process effectiveness: when overall equipment effectiveness meets adherence to schedule

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) In recent decades, research has been done to better assess the effectiveness and efficiency of a production process. Therefore, some methods like Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) or Overall Line Effectiveness (OLE) were proposed, however, none of the analysed methods has been able to illustrate accurate results in terms of adherence to a production plan. The purpose of this article is to present a metric, Global Process Effectiveness (GPE), based on OEE, that assesses effectiveness based on OEE factors and the schedule-adherence of a process to a pre-defined production plan, regarding product variety and quantity. If this new performance indicator replaces OEE, it will add one more goal to OEE without increasing the number of key performance indicators used in a company, giving a valuable assessment to operations planning experts.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the PhD grants PD/BDE/14291172018, PD/BDE/143079/2018, PD/BDE/142995/2018 and within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019

Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts?

This IRIS Special examines the principles of accuracy, objectivity and fairness in news and current affairs coverage by European media organisations. The issue is explored from a number of perspectives, including from that of media organisations, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, member states, and judicial and regulatory bodies. It also includes chapters on a number of Council of Europe member states, discussing the regulatory framework that impacts upon this issue, including national legislation, case law, regulatory codes, and regulatory enforcement

Dialysis and pediatric acute kidney injury: choice of renal support modality

Dialytic intervention for infants and children with acute kidney injury (AKI) can take many forms. Whether patients are treated by intermittent hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy depends on specific patient characteristics. Modality choice is also determined by a variety of factors, including provider preference, available institutional resources, dialytic goals and the specific advantages or disadvantages of each modality. Our approach to AKI has benefited from the derivation and generally accepted defining criteria put forth by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group. These are known as the risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease (RIFLE) criteria. A modified pediatrics RIFLE (pRIFLE) criteria has recently been validated. Common defining criteria will allow comparative investigation into therapeutic benefits of different dialytic interventions. While this is an extremely important development in our approach to AKI, several fundamental questions remain. Of these, arguably, the most important are “When and what type of dialytic modality should be used in the treatment of pediatric AKI?” This review will provide an overview of the limited data with the aim of providing objective guidelines regarding modality choice for pediatric AKI. Comparisons in terms of cost, availability, safety and target group will be reviewed