Effects of clothianidin exposure on sperm quality, testicular apoptosis and fatty acid composition in developing male rats

Clothianidin (CTD) is one of the latest members of the synthetic organic insecticides, the neonicotinoids. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate if daily oral administration of CTD at low doses for 90 days has any deleterious effects on reproductive functions of developing male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each, assigned as control rats, or rats treated with 2 (CTD-2), 8 (CTD-8) or 32 (CTD-32) mg CTD/kg body weight by oral gavage. The significant decreases of the absolute weights of right cauda epididymis and seminal vesicles, and body weight were detected in the animals exposed to CTD administration at 32 mg/kgBW/day. Epididymal sperm concentration decreased significantly in CTD-32 group and the abnormal sperm rates increased in CTD- 8 and CTD-32 groups when compared to control group. The testosterone level was significantly decreased in CTD-32 group when compared to control group. The administration of all CTD doses resulted in a significant decrease in the level of GSH. The number of TUNELpositive cells significantly increased in the germinal epithelium of testis of rats exposed to CTD at 32 mg/kgBW/day. In groups CTD-8 and CTD-32, only docosapentaenoic, arachidonic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were significantly elevated when compared to control. The ratios of 20:4/18:2 and 18:1n−9/ 18:0 were decreased when rats exposed to CTD. Sperm DNA fragmentation was observed in CTD-32 group, but not CTD-2 and CTD-8. It is concluded that low doses of CTD exposure during critical stages of sexual maturation had moderate detrimental effects on reproductive organ system and more severe effects are likely to be observed at higher dose levels. In addition, the reproductive system may be more sensitive to exposure of CTD even earlier in development (prenatal and early postnatal), and therefore it could be expected that more severe effects could also be observed at the NOAEL dose levels, if dosing had occurred in utero or early postnatal

Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats

We investigated whether treatment with imidacloprid would induce morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant imbalance and apoptosis in the reproductive system of developing male rats. Twenty-four male rats were included in this 90-day study, starting at 7 days of age. The rats were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control. The second, third and fourth groups received oral 0.5-, 2- and 8-mg/kg imidacloprid, respectively. Serum, spermand testis sampleswere collected fromall groups at the end of the experimental period. Theweights of the epididymis, vesicula seminalis, epididymal sperm concentration, body weight gain, testosterone and reduced glutathione values were lower in the imidacloprid-treated groups than that in the controls. All treated groups had increased lipid peroxidation, fatty acid concentrations and higher rates of abnormal sperm. Apoptosis and fragmentation of seminal DNA were higher in rats treated at the two higher doses of imidacloprid. These results show that this compound has a negative effect on sperm and testis of rat

Assessment of imidacloprid toxicity on reproductive organ system of adult male rats

In the current study it was aimed to investigate the toxicity of low doses of imidacloprid (IMI) on the reproductive organ systems of adult male rats. The treatment groups received 0.5 (IMI-0.5), 2 (IMI-2) or 8 mg IMI/kg body weight by oral gavage (IMI-8) for three months. The deterioration in sperm motility in IMI-8 group and epidydimal sperm concentration in IMI-2 and IMI-8 groups and abnormality in sperm morphology in IMI-8 were significant. The levels of testosterone (T) and GSH decreased significantly in group IMI-8 compared to the control group. Upon treatment with IMI, apoptotic index increased significantly only in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules of IMI-8 group when compared to control. Fragmentation was striking in the seminal DNA from the IMI-8 group, but it was much less obvious in the IMI-2 one. IMI exposure resulted in elevation of all fatty acids analyzed, but the increases were significant only in stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ratios of 20:4/20:3 and 20:4/18:2 were decreased and 16:1n-9/16:0 ratio was increased. In conclusion, the present animal experiments revealed that the treatment with IMI at NOAEL dose-levels caused deterioration in sperm parameters, decreased T level, increased apoptosis of germ cells, seminal DNA fragmentation, the depletion of antioxidants and change in disturbance of fatty acid composition. All these changes indicate the suppression of testicular function

Involvement of toll-like receptor 9 polymorphism in cervical cancer development

The role played by the polymorphism located in Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) as a risk factor of cervical cancer remains elusive. Therefore, we studied the association of the TLR9 −1486 T/C (rs187084) and C2848T (rs352140) polymorphisms with cervical cancer. The TLR9 −1486 T/C and C2848T polymorphism was genotyped in 426 patients and 460 unrelated healthy females from the Polish population. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, tobacco smoking, and menopausal status showed that both the TLR9 −1486 T/C and C2848T polymorphisms could be a genetic risk factor for cervical cancer. For the TLR9 −1486 T/C polymorphism, the adjusted OR for patients with the C/T genotype versus T/T genotype was 1.371 (95 % CI 1.021–1.842, p = 0.0361), the adjusted OR for the C/C genotype vs the T/T genotype was 1.300 (95 % CI 1.016–1.507, p = 0.0096), and the adjusted OR for the C/T or C/C genotype vs the T/T genotype was 1.448 (95 % CI 1.099–1.908, p = 0.0083). For the C2848T polymorphism, the adjusted OR for patients with the C/T genotype vs C/C genotype was 1.443 (95 % CI 1.019–2.043, p = 0.0380), the adjusted OR for the T/T genotype vs the C/C genotype was 1.237 (95 % CI 1.016–1.507, p = 0.0328), and the adjusted OR for the T/C or T/T genotype vs the C/C genotype was 1.345 (95 % CI 0.976–1.855, p = 0.0700). Our studies suggest that the TLR9 −1486 T/C and C2848T polymorphisms may be a genetic risk factor for cervical cancer

Current treatment of acute bronchiolitis

Akut viral bronşiyolit iki yaş altı çocuklarda en sık görülen alt solunum yolu infeksiyonu olup, altı aydan küçük çocuklarda hastaneye yatırılma nedenlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu yaygın hastalığın tedavisinde dünyaca kabul edilen en iyi yaklaşım hava yolu bakımı, yeterli hidrasyonun sağlanması ve oksijenasyonla sınırlıdır. Tedavide bronkodilatörler, epinefrin ve steroidlerin kullanımı konusunda akıl karıştırıcı sonuçlar ve yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Ülkemizde de tedavisi konusunda tam bir uzlaşma sağlanamamıştır. Bu yazıda, akut bronşiyolitte tedavi yaklaşımları son çalışmaların ışığında gözden geçirilmiştir.The most common lower repiratory tract infection in infants younger than two years is acute viral bronchiolitis that is leading cause of hospitalisation under six months of age. Little worldwide consensus exists about the best management strategies for this common disease are caring airway, maintenance of adequate hydration and oxygenation. Managements and the results in the use of bronchodilators, epinephrine and corticosteroids for bronchiolitis are conflicting. There is considerable controversy regarding ıts management in our country too. Here we review the treatment of acute bronchiolitis with the guidance of the recent literature

Cytogenetic and Molecular Evaluation of Ambiguous Genitalia in Pediatric Patients

ABSTRACT Objective: A newborn with ambiguous genitalia needs prompt evaluation to detect life-threatening conditions such as salt-losing crisis in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and gender assignment. Sex assignment in these newborn continues to be a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic problem. In our study, we aimed to investigate the causes and characteristics of ambiguous genitalia in 21 newborn who were referred to a cytogenetic laboratory. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic analysis was performed for each case. The cases were analysed by also molecular genetic and interphase FISH technique to exhibit exist Y. Chromosome molecular genetic analysis was performed for Y chromosomal loci (SRY, ZFY, SY84, SY86, SY127, SY134, SY254, SY255). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Results: In all of patient were detected 46,XX and 46,XY karyotype by cytogenetic analysis. 21 cases were successfully analyzed by interphaseFISH. Some individuals carry a Y chromosome but are phenotypically female or one of cases have a female karyotype but are phenotypically male. Conclusion: The correlation between genotype (SRY+/-) and phenotype is still unclear. The etiology of ambiguous genitalia is variable. The physician managing these families could minimize the trauma of having a child with unidentified sex by providing appropriate genetic counseling so that the parents can make an early decision. ©2008, Firat University, Medical Facult

Is there a Relation between Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene in Patients of Migraine With Aura And Migraine without Aura in Region of Eastern Turkey

ABSTRACT Objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the key enzymes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which modulates vascular tension and blood pressure. Many authors have reported an association between ACE-D allele and coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism underlying the positive associations between the ACE-D alleles and diseases are not yet clear. Alterations of the renin-angiotensin system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Several angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and an angiotensin II receptor blocker were demonstrated to have a clinically important prophylactic effect in migraine. Previous reports showed an association between migraine without aura and ACE-D allele polymorphism. In this study it is aimed to evaluate whether the DD genotype could also be associated with the frequency and duration of migraine without aura (MoA) and migraine with aura (MwA). Material and Methods: One hundred one migraine patients (37 MoA, 64 MwA) and 101 healthy non-migrainous controls from the region of Eastern Turkey were included in this study. The genotype characteristics were determined by the PCR analysis using DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Results: There was no significant difference in allelic frequency (I and D) and genotype polymorphism (DD, DI and II) of the ACE gene in migraine patients and controls (genotype frequency: p= 0.08). ACE genotype distribution was similar in migraine patients and healthy control groups. Turkish patients MoA and MwA did not show any difference in incidence of the ACE-DD genotype. Conclusion: We conclude that the I/D polymorphism at the ACE locus does not play any role in the pathogenesis and progression of migraine

Differential Leaflet Remodeling of Bone Marrow Cell Pre-Seeded Versus Nonseeded Bioresorbable Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacements

This study showed that bone marrow mononuclear cell pre-seeding had detrimental effects on functionality and in situ remodeling of bioresorbable bisurea-modified polycarbonate (PC-BU)-based tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) used as transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in sheep. We also showed heterogeneous valve and leaflet remodeling, which affects PC-BU TEHV safety, challenging their potential for clinical translation. We suggest that bone marrow mononuclear cell pre-seeding should not be used in combination with PC-BU TEHVs. A better understanding of cell-scaffold interaction and in situ remodeling processes is needed to improve transcatheter valve design and polymer absorption rates for a safe and clinically relevant translation of this approach

Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji ve Genetik Anabilim Dalında 2000-2005 Yılları Arasında Saptanan Down Sendromlu Olguların Periferik Kan Sitogenetik Analiz Sonuçları ve Klinik Değerlendirmeleri

Trizomiler gametogenez sırasında oluşan "meiotic nondisjunction" sonucu meydana gelir. İnsanlarda en sık görülen ve en iyi bilinen trizomi grubu, trizomi 21 veya Down sendromudur. Trizomi 21, insanlardaki mental retardasyon ve karakteristik fiziksel bulgulara eşlik eden en yaygın kromozom anormalliklerinden biridir. Bu çalışmamızda, 2000-2005 yılları arasında merkezimizde sonuç verilen 167 Down sendromlu olgunun klinik ve sitogenetik analizleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Olgular, çeşitli merkezlerden klinik özellikleri sebebiyle genetik tanı için laboratuvarımıza gönderilmiş olup periferik kandan kromozom analizi yapılmıştır. Toplam 167 olgunun 91’i erkek (%54.4), 76’sı kız (%45.5) çocuğudur. Olguların 162’si (%97) klasik tip Down sendromu gösterirken, 2 olgu (%1.1) mozaik, 3 olgu (%1.7) translokasyon tipi Down sendromudur. Translokasyon tipi 1 olguda t(21;21), 2 olguda t(14;21) şeklindedir. Sitogenetik analiz sonuçları literatürde bildirilen oranlarla uyumludur. Ortalama anne yaşı 34.04’dür. Bu çalışmada ayrıca Down sendromlu olguların klinik özellikleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Olguların hemen hemen hepsine merkezimizde genetik danışmanlık verilmiştir. Klinik tanının kesinleşmesiyle birlikte, aileye uygun bir biçimde danışmanlık verilmelidir