On rings of real valued clopen continuous functions

Among variant kinds of strong continuity in the literature, the clopen continuity or cl-supercontinuity (i.e., inverse image of every open set is a union of clopen sets) is considered in this paper.  We investigate and study the ring Cs(X) of all real valued clopen continuous functions on a topological space X.  It is shown that every ƒ ∈ Cs(X) is constant on each quasi-component in X and using this fact we show that Cs(X) ≅ C(Y), where Y is a zero-dimensional s-quotient space of X.  Whenever X is locally connected, we observe  that Cs(X) ≅ C(Y),  where Y is a discrete space.  Maximal ideals of Cs(X) are characterized in terms of quasi-components in X and it turns out that X  is mildly compact(every clopen cover has a finite subcover) if and only if every maximal ideal  of Cs(X)is  fixed. It is shown that the socle of Cs(X) is  an essential ideal if and only if the union of all open quasi-components in X is s-dense.  Finally the counterparts of some familiar spaces, such as Ps-spaces, almost Ps-spaces, s-basically and s-extremally disconnected spaces  are  defined  and  some  algebraic  characterizations  of  them  are given via the ring Cs(X)

Evaluation of dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) by recombinant protein EPC1 for anti- echinococcus granulosus IGG antibody

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is an important zoonosis caused by the Echinococcus granulosus with a substantial impact in human and animal health in endemic areas. The purpose of the present study was serodiagnosis optimizing of dog echinococcosis in order to achieve a rapid diagnostic method. Methods: Eight dogs were challenged with protoscoleces in order to have positive echinococcosis serum and 2 two-month old puppies were used as uninfected controls. Colloidal gold was prepared by controlled reduction of a boiling solution of chloroauric acid (H [AuCl4]) with sodium citrate and labeled with recombinant EPC1. Dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) was developed by coating rEPC1 labeled colloidal gold on nitrocellulose membrane. The canine sera, taken three times including, 15, 28 and 35 days post infection were tested. A total of 30 serum samples including 24 sera from 8 infected dogs and 6 sera from 2 puppies were comparatively detected with both DIGFA and ELISA. Results: Gold labeled antigen, showed a dark purple dot with agglutination particles in positive sera and light purple dot without agglutination in negative sera. Among 30 serum samples, 23 were positive and 7 were negative with DIGFA and 24 were positive, 6 were negative with ELISA. Conclusion: DIGFA as a rapid and simple procedure could be utilized in quickly diagnosis of echinococcosis

Thoracic Disc Herniation of the Adjacent Segment With Acutely Progressing Myelopathy

We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with progressing myelopathy. Her history revealed instrumented fusion from T10 to S1 for degenerative lumbar kyphosis and spinal stenosis. The plain radiographs showed narrowing of the intervertebral disc space with a gas shadow and sclerotic end-plate changes at T9-T10. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterolateral mass compressing the spinal cord at the T9-T10 level. The patient was treated with a discectomy through the posterior approach combined with posterior instrumentation. The patient's symptoms and myelopathy resolved completely after the discectomy and instrumented fusion. The thoracic disc herniation might have been caused by the increased motion and stress concentration at the adjacent segment

One-year Outcome Evaluation after Interspinous Implantation for Degenerative Spinal Stenosis with Segmental Instability

The authors hypothesized that the placement of the interspinous implant would show a similar clinical outcome to the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients having spinal stenosis with mild segmental instability and that this method would be superior to PLIF without significantly affecting degeneration at the adjacent segments. Forty two adult patients having degenerative spinal stenosis with mild segmental instabilit who underwent implantation of Coflex™ (Spine motion, Germany) or PLIF at L4-5 between January 2000 and December 2003 were consecutively selected and studied for one-year clinical outcome. At 12 months after surgery, both groups showed a significant improvement in the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index score for both lower extremity pain and low back pain. However, the range of motion at the upper adjacent segments (L3-4) increased significantly after surgery in the PLIF group, which was not manifested in the Coflex™ group during the follow-up. The authors assumed that interspinous implantation can be an alternative treatment for the spinal stenosis with segmental instability in selected conditions posing less stress on the superior adjacent level than PLIF

Effects of Aloe Vera Gel versus Chamomile Ointment on extent of Diaper Dermatitis in Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Diaper dermatitis is one of the most prevalent skin disorders in neonates and children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Aloe Vera and chamomile ointment on the degree of diaper dermatitis in children. Materials and Methods In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 90 children below two years of age, who had diaper dermatitis and were hospitalized in the Tabriz Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz city- Iran, were included in the study using random sampling. The children were divided into three equal groups, with one group receiving routine treatments and the other two receiving chamomile and Aloe Vera ointment three times a day. The samples were examined on the first, third, and sixth day of the study using a diaper rash five-point scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS software version 22.0. Results Baseline criteria such as age, gender, and education of mothers were similar in all the groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the dermatitis extent recovery was achieved over time (P0.05). Conclusion There was no difference between the Aloe Vera, chamomile, and routine treatments in dermatitis extent recovery

Characterisation of novel immune cell subsets in the central nervous system and its supporting tissues

This thesis explores the diversity and adaptation of tissue resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and its supporting tissues. The study focuses on microglia within different regions of the healthy mouse CNS, revealing significant phenotypic and transcriptional variations. Transcriptomic analysis shows distinct profiles for microglia in various CNS regions, including classical homeostatic and non-homeostatic subtypes. Moreover, the research extends to the pia mater and choroid, uncovering diverse immune cell populations with tissue-specific gene expression profiles in these CNS-supporting tissues. The findings enhance our understanding of CNS immunobiology and its potential implications for immune-mediated neurological and ocular diseases