Scaling in Words on Twitter

Scaling properties of language are a useful tool for understanding generative processes in texts. We investigate the scaling relations in citywise Twitter corpora coming from the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas of the United States. We observe a slightly superlinear urban scaling with the city population for the total volume of the tweets and words created in a city. We then find that a certain core vocabulary follows the scaling relationship of that of the bulk text, but most words are sensitive to city size, exhibiting a super- or a sublinear urban scaling. For both regimes we can offer a plausible explanation based on the meaning of the words. We also show that the parameters for Zipf's law and Heaps law differ on Twitter from that of other texts, and that the exponent of Zipf's law changes with city size

Rule Based Budgeting and Fiscal Institutions after the Crisis

The financial crisis of 2008 raised the fear from great depression. That was why European governments launched fiscal stimuli never seen before. The magnitude of public spending and the narrowing of bond markets took these countries close to a serial of debt crises. The study surveys the institutional similarities and differences between the centre and the periphery of EU in budgeting. What are the fiscal rules and fiscal councils? How are they applied in Europe? Can these items and institutions prevent any debt problem or have indebted countries to return to balanced budget? What to conclude from the failure of precrisis rules? Coordination, harmonization or watchdog function of fiscal councils should become the most important? What is the role of independence of fiscal councils in rebalancing of public finances in Europe

The effects of negative interest rates on the monetary transmission mechanism – The case of Switzerland

In this article we study how the monetary transmission mechanism (the process through which monetary policy affects aggregate demand and inflation) alters when the nominal interest rates become negative, through the case of Switzerland. The results of our models show that the effectiveness of the interest rate channel of the transmission mechanism decreases at negative nominal interest rates. However, considering the limits of the models and the unique factors affecting the monetary transmission in Switzerland, clear conclusions about the effectiveness of the interest rate channel cannot be made

Physical Internet – a novel application area for Industry 4.0

The Physical Internet (PI or π) is one of the most decisive ideas for future logistics systems. The idea behind it is to implement logistic systems which apply the principles of Internet information flow. Simultaneously technological innovations of Industry 4.0 have also appeared. Our current research deals with the applicability of the tools of Industry 4.0 technology in the PI system. Following the literature review we analyse the individual technological tools that could improve the functioning of PI components. Subsequently we will detail the usability of a specific Industry 4.0 tool and finally determine the future research steps

Optimization of fluidic microchannel manufacturing processes in low temperature co-fired ceramic substrates

The processing of starch powder and polymer based sacrificial layer for fabrication of microfluidic structures in low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) is described in the paper. Sacrificial volume material (SVM) was placed into the channel of LTCC sheets to avoid sagging by supporting embedded, three-dimensional structures such as channels, cavities during firing. Sagging of laminated structures is a common problem in the processing of the LTCC. A series of experiments were carried out for different lamination schemes which affect the quality of LTCC sheets. Samples were tested by an acoustic microscope to reveal the internal inhomogeneities and delaminations. As a consequence of burnout, the increased fraction of evolving gases from SVM requires an adequate adaptation of the firing process to provide a residue-free burnout without damaging the structure. Using thermal analysis the intensity of the evaporating gases was determined during co-firing. Based on these results, the modification of the heating p rofile could be done. It is proposed that the fabrication of embedded structures in a multi-layer LTCC platform could be achieved by controlling SVM burnout with a modified heating profile. Using this approach, fabrication of embedded channels in LTCC substrate is demonstrated

A note on lattices with many sublattices

For every natural number $n\geq 5$, we prove that the number of subuniverses of an $n$-element lattice is $2^n$, $13\cdot 2^{n-4}$, $23\cdot 2^{n-5}$, or less than $23\cdot 2^{n-5}$. By a subuniverse, we mean a sublattice or the emptyset. Also, we describe the $n$-element lattices with exactly $2^n$, $13\cdot 2^{n-4}$, or $23\cdot 2^{n-5}$ subuniverses.Comment: 10 pages and 4 figure

Tandem mass spectrometric study of annelation isomers of the novel thieno[3',2':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine ring system

In the present communication, we describe tandem combinations of Suzuki - condensation ring closure reactions to obtain a novel thieno[3 -,2 -:4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine ring system. These compounds were studied by tandem mass spectrometry in detail and characteristic fragmentations were observed, which can be useful to confirm the presence of N -substituted pyridazine ring in synthesized compounds. © ARKAT-USA,Inc