Contribution de l'écologie du paysage à la diversification des agroécosystèmes à des fins de phytoprotection

Cet article de synthèse établit un lien entre la diversification des systèmes agricoles et le contrôle naturel des insectes ravageurs d'une part, et l'écologie du paysage d'autre part. L'analyse de la revue de littérature réalisée suggère que cette jeune science et le recours à la géomatique pourraient non seulement permettre de concevoir de nouvelles approches en recherche, mais aussi de participer à l'aménagement des agroécosystèmes à des fins de phytoprotection dans une perspective d'agriculture durable au Québec.In this review we establish a link between the diversification of agricultural systems and natural control of crop pests in one hand, and in the other hand the potential contribution of a young science, landscape ecology, which associated with geomatic, can elaborate new ways in research and take part in managing agroecosystems for crop protection in a sustainable manner in Québec

Thermal imprinting modifies adult stress and innate immune responsiveness in the teleost sea bream

The impact of thermal imprinting on the plasticity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and stress response in an adult ectotherm, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.), during its development was assessed. Fish were reared under 4 thermal regimes, and the resulting adults exposed to acute confinement stress and plasma cortisol levels and genes of the HPI axis were monitored. Changes in immune function, a common result of stress, were also evaluated using histomorphometric measurements of melanomacrophages centers (MMCs) in the head kidney and by monitoring macrophage-related transcripts. Thermal history significantly modified the HPI responsiveness in adult sea bream when eggs and larvae were reared at a higher than optimal temperature (HT, 22 degrees C), and they had a reduced amplitude in their cortisol response and significantly upregulated pituitary pomc and head kidney star transcripts. Additionally, after an acute stress challenge, immune function was modified and the head kidney of adult fish reared during development at high temperatures (HT and LHT, 18-22 degrees C) had a decreased number of MMCs and a significant downregulation of dopachrome tautomerase. Thermal imprinting during development influenced adult sea bream physiology and increased plasma levels of glucose and sodium even in the absence of an acute stress in fish reared under a high-low thermal regime (HLT, 22-18 degrees C). Overall, the results demonstrate that temperature during early development influences the adult HPI axis and immune function in a teleost fish.project Lifecycle EU-FP7 [222719]FCT- Foundation for Science and Technology [CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Huntington's disease clinical trials corner: April 2022

In this edition of the Huntington's Disease Clinical Trials Corner we expand on GENERATION HD1, PRECISION-HD1 and PRECISION-HD2, SELECT-HD, and VIBRANT-HD trials, and list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials in Huntington's disease

The Planning and Orientation of the Rego da Murta Dolmens (Alvaiázere, Portugal)

During the excavation of Rego da Murta Dolmen I, a structure belonging to a megalithic cluster in central Portugal, a number of small sub-quadrangular quartzite stones were found embedded within a layer below that of the deepest orthostat. In this paper, we report on these findings and highlight three key features of these small stones, namely their location relative to the dolmen’s plan, the distances between them, and their orientations. We suggest the quartzite stones could have been markers used in the planning of this megalithic structure. In addition, we analyse the orientations of the two main structures of the cluster (Dolmen I & Dolmen II), which are reflected by the orientation of the quartzite stones. We tentatively suggest potential landscape and skyscape alignments for their orientations, including three hypotheses for the observed differences in orientation between the two