A fat-enriched, glucose-enriched diet markedly attenuates adiponectin mRNA levels in rat epididymal adipose tissue

Adiponectin levels are decreased in subjects with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease. in the present study, we have investigated whether the decrease in the levels and mRNA expression of adiponectin is due to obesity or to the diet itself. Wistar rats were either fed standard laboratory chow throughout (controls) or given a fat-enriched, glucose-enriched diet (diet-fed) for 2 days or 16 weeks. After 2 days of diet feeding, total body weight, fat pad masses and the plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin were all comparable between the two groups, while plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) and triacylglycerol levels were increased in the diet-fed animals (P < 0.01 for both). There was a marked (P < 0.01) decrease in plasma adiponectin levels. After 16 weeks of diet feeding, diet-fed rats had significantly higher body weight, fat pad mass and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, NEFA and triacylglycerol (P < 0.001 for all) compared with chow-fed controls, whereas plasma levels of glucose and insulin were similar in the two groups. After 2 days of diet feeding, there were no significant changes in Ob mRNA levels in epididymal fat, whereas there was a marked decrease in adiponectin mRNA levels. After 16 weeks of diet feeding, rats had significantly increased levels of Ob mRNA, but decreased adiponectin mRNA levels, in epididymal fat compared with the chow-fed group (P < 0.001 for both). These findings suggest that obesity per se is not a factor in the decreased adiponectin levels observed in obese subjects. We propose that the lipid profile of the plasma and/or the constituents of the diet consumed by rats may contribute to adiponectin levels more than obesity per se.Univ Liverpool, Dept Med, Neuroendocrine & Obes Biol Unit, Liverpool L69 6GA, Merseyside, EnglandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Complutense, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Anim Biol 2, E-28040 Madrid, SpainUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Lateral hypothalamic serotonin is not stimulated during central leptin hypophagia

Whether leptin targets the hypothalamic serotonergic system to inhibit food intake is not established. We examined the effect of a short-term i.c.v. leptin treatment on serotonin microdialysate levels in rat lateral hypothalamus. Adipose tissue gene expression was also evaluated.Male rats received four daily injections of leptin (5 mu g) or vehicle (with pair-feeding to leptin-induced intake) and a fifth injection during collection of LH microdialysates. We found that serotonin and 5-HIAA levels were not affected by the leptin pre-treatment, as basal levels were similar between the leptin and the pair-fed group. These levels remained unaltered after the acute leptin injection.For gene expression studies, rats were pre-treated with five daily injections of either leptin (5 mu g) or vehicle (with either pair-feeding or ad libitum intake). mRNA levels of resistin, adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, and PPAR-gamma were unaltered by either leptin or pair-feeding. Leptin gene expression was significantly reduced by leptin but not by pair-feeding, in both the retroperitoneal (- 74%) and the epididymal (- 99%) depots while no differences were observed in the subcutaneous depot.The observations confirmed the absence of an acute stimulatory effect of central leptin on serotonin release in the lateral hypothalamus and showed that the pre-treatment with leptin failed to modify this pattern. This indicates that components of the serotonergic system are probably not directly affected by leptin. Additionally, the central effect of leptin was able to downregulate its own adipose tissue gene expression in a depot-specific manner while other adipokine genes were not affected. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Diadema, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Effects of cafetery diet and alternet cyclos of stand diet with cafetery diet under metabolism of male rats sendentary or exercise

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Hyperlipidic palatable diet modify rats brain and adipose tissue metabolism, dependently from treatment duration and age of start

Demonstramos anteriormente que a ingestão contínua de dieta pala hiperlipídica (PL) ou de ciclos alternados de dieta padrão (C) com diet (dieta mista - M) induziram obesidade em ratos. No presente e: investigamos a relevância da idade do animal e da duração do tratamento essas dietas sobre: a adiposidade, o metabolismo da glicose cerebral adipócitos isolados, a expressão gênica da adiponectina e a quantidade receptores de leptina e insulina. Ratos Wistar machos receberam dietas C, PL ou M, durante 3 diferentes períodos: dos 30 aos 60; dos 30 aos 90 ou dos 60 aos 90 dias de vida. 0 ganho de peso corporal foi maior nos grupos PL30-90, PL60-90, M60-90 e M30-90, embora a ingestão calórica tenha diminuído nos grupos PL60-90, M60-90 e M30-90. 0 conteúdo de lipídios da carcaça aumentou em todos os grupos PL e M. Os grupos PL30-60, PL30-90, M30-60 e M30-90 apresentaram hiperglicemia, todos os grupos PL e os M60-90 e M30-90 apresentaram hiperleptinemia, e os grupos PL30-60, PL60-90, M60-90 e M30-90 hiperinsulinemia. 0 consumo cerebral basal de glicose e a quantidade receptor de insulina no hipotálamo diminuíram no grupo M30-60. A taxa lipogênese do cérebro aumentou nos grupos PL30-90 e M30-90. 0 diâmetro área e o volume dos adipócitos isolados do RET aumentaram nos grupos M, 30-60 e 30-90; e nos adipócitos do EPI nos grupos PL e M (30-9 concentração sérica de triglicerídeos foi maior em todos os animais tratados com dieta mista. Nesses grupos a taxa de incorporação de glicose em lipídeos nos adipócitos do RET estava elevada, assim como no EPI dos grupos P 90 e M60-90. Nos adipócitos do RET dos grupos 30-90 (PL e M), M60 M30-60 e nos do EPI dos grupos PL e M (30-90) e M60-90, observe elevação da taxa de oxidação de glicose em C02. A quantidade de receptor para leptina aumentou no RET dos grupos PL e M (30-60) e no EPI do M30-90. 0 presente estudo demonstrou que a ingestão de dieta PL ou M elevou a adiposidade independente do tempo e idade do tratamento. Entretanto, modificou o metabolismo dos adipócitos in vitro, dependente do depósito de gordura estudado, e o metabolismo de glicose no cérebro nos anil principalmente, quando tratados a partir dos 30 dias de vida. Além disso, ter efeito aterogênico por inibir a expressão gênica de adiponectina.BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Anthocyanins as inflammatory modulators and the role of the gut microbiota

The health benefits of consuming fruits that are rich in polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, have been the focus of recent in vitro and in vivo investigations. Thus, greater attention is being directed to the reduction of the inflammatory process associated with the intestinal microbiota and the mechanism underlying these effects because the microbiota has been closely associated with the metabolism of these compounds in the gastrointestinal tract. Further interest lies in the ability of these metabolites to modulate the growth of specific intestinal bacteria. Thus, this review examines studies involving the action of the anthocyanins that are present in many fruits and their effect in the modulating the inflammatory process associated with the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota. The findings of both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest a potential antiinflammatory effect of these compounds, which seem to inhibit activation of the signaling pathway mediated by the transcription factor NF kappa B. This effect is associated with modulation of a beneficial gut microbiota, particularly an increase in Bifidobacterium strains. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2013/25101-4Web of Scienc