過去の観測を踏まえたイフガオ棚田の将米予測

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(地球環境学)甲第24954号地環博第245号京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻(主査)教授 星野 敏, 准教授 鬼塚 健一郎, 教授 伊藤 孝行学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Global Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityDFA

Técnicas de fertilización que influyen sobre la producción de cafés especiales

La investigación se realizó en los municipios de Cajibio y El Tambo (Departamento del Cauca); Pasto (Departamento de Nariño); Oporapa y Bruselas (Departamento del Huila). Para la recolección de información se realizaron encuestas semiestructuradas y entrevistas, donde se tuvieron en cuenta variables como tipo de fertilizante utilizado, tiempo de aplicación, producto y cantidad del producto aplicado por hectárea y/o por árbol. Como resultados se encontró que en la mayoría de fincas se realiza un análisis de suelo, porque este es la base para realizar una adecuada fertilización; también que en cada zona difiere bastante el tipo de fertilizante y cantidad aplicado; además se encontró que algunos excesos o deficiencias de un nutriente puede producir defectos en el grano; que afecta la calidad del café y disminuye la producción para la venta

Synthesis of calcium superoxide

Efforts to prepare Ca(O2) sub 2 from reactions of calcium compounds with 100% O3 and with O(D-1) atoms generated by photolysis of O3 at 2537 A are described. Samples of Ca(OH) sub 2, CaO, CaO2, Ca metal, and mixtures containing suspected impurities to promote reaction have been treated with excess O3 under static and flow conditions in the presence and absence of UV irradiation. Studies with KO2 suggest that the superoxide anion is stable to radiation at 2537 A but reacts with oxygen atoms generated by the photolysis of O3 to form KO3. Calcium superoxide is expected to behave in an analogous

Modelos de movimiento del suelo considerando diversos parámetros de medida de la intensidad del movimiento del suelo para la zona de subducción peruana

Se desarrolla una nueva ecuación de predicción del movimiento del suelo (GMPE) para eventos interface para componentes horizontales y verticales para la aceleración máxima del suelo (PGA), las aceleraciones espectrales (ₐ), el período medio (ₘ), la relación ⁄, y la relación ⁄(ₘ). Para ello, se seleccionaron 453 eventos interface con 3750 registros de movimiento del suelo de 533 estaciones de seis redes acelerométricas diferentes de Perú, Chile y Ecuador. Los parámetros de intensidad (IMs) antes mencionados se sometieron a regresión utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud de dos pasos aplicable a un rango de 4.0 a 8.5 w, y hasta distancias de ruptura (ᵣᵤₚ) de 1000 km. El nuevo GMPE para PGA y ₐ provee un mejor ajuste con la data que comunes GMPE extranjeros, que tienden a subestimar los movimientos del suelo en w superiores a 7.0 en un rango específico de ᵣᵤₚ. Además, se sugiere una nueva clasificación de suelos y coeficiente de sitio que son bastante similares al código sísmico chileno (NCh 433). Además, el ratio ⁄ₘ es un parámetro de relación innovador propuesto en este estudio que tiene menor incertidumbre en comparación con los otros IMs. Además, este nuevo IM puede contribuir a generar aceleraciones sintéticas. Finalmente, la relación PGA vertical a horizontal de 2/3 sugerida en el código sísmico peruano (E030) puede sobreestimar la PGA para movimientos verticales del suelo en escenarios críticos.This dissertation is written for the purpose of developing a Ground-Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) for the Peruvian subduction zone, which relies on foreign GMPEs for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) from which is base the current Peruvian seismic code (E030). The proposed GMPE model not only predict common Intensity Measures (IM) for both horizontal and vertical components like peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Spectral accelerations (ₐ) between 0.2 and 5.0s, but also covers other IMs such as the mean period (ₘ), the ⁄ ratio, the ⁄ₘ ratio and the ⁄(ₘ) ratio. The latter two parameter relates PGA, peak ground velocity (PGV) and mean frequency (ₘ), which is the inverse of the ₘ. To do so, a complied dataset of 2803 events were collected mainly from Peru, Chile and Ecuador between 4.0 and 8.5 w from 1951 to 2020. The current Slab2 three-dimensional geometry of the South America subduction zone as well as other 18 sections derived from different studies were used to define the Peru, Ecuador and Chile subduction zone. This enabled to identify interface, inslab and crustal earthquakes, which represent the 45%, 33% and 22% considering the entire dataset, respectively. So, only 453 interface events were selected with 3750 ground motion records from 533 stations, which comprise six different networks from Peru, Chile and Ecuador. The aforementioned IMs were used as regressor parameters for both horizontal and vertical components to derive GMPEs applicable to a range of 4.0 to 8.5 w, and a range up to rupture distances (ᵣᵤₚ) of 1000km by assessing the two-step maximum likelihood. The new GMPE for PGA and ₐ performs better than commonly used foreign GMPEs, which tend to underestimate ground motions at w higher than 7.0 at a specific ᵣᵤₚ range. This implies the E030 is currently providing lower PGA at lower ᵣᵤₚ distances for interface events which exclusively harbours the strongest events higher than 8.0 w for the entire dataset used in this study. Also, a new soil classification and site coefficient are suggested which are quite similar to the Chilean Seismic code (NCh 433). These proposed site coefficients do not underestimate PGA values for soil classes ₀, ₂ and ₃ as the Peruvian Seismic code (E030) does for soils under inelastic behavior caused by strong earthquakes. Besides, the ₘ, the ⁄ ratio, and the ⁄ₘ provide less residuals compared to PGA, ₐ, and the ⁄ₘ ratio. Meanwhile, the ⁄ₘ is an innovate ratio parameter proposed in this study that has the lowest uncertainty compared to the other IMs. Also, this new IM may contribute to generate reliable synthetic motions with the same proxy applicability range as previous stated when a strong dataset is not available. In addition, the ⁄ ratio indicates that ground motions (GMs) can be classified as high and intermediate range for the South America subduction zone. Besides, the ₘ variations indicate that both structures and soils with fundamental periods between 0.1 and 0.70s are more vulnerable to resonate to critical scenarios for both horizontal and vertical motions. Finally, the vertical to horizontal PGA ratio of 2/3 suggested in the Peruvian Seismic code (E030) may overestimate the PGA for vertical ground motions. This study found that this ratio depends strongly on moment magnitude, rupture distances and shear shave velocity (ₛ₃₀) and for critical scenarios this ratio may be up to 0.55.Reino Unido. University of Bristl. Think Big postgraduate scholarship

Questions as beliefs: investigating teachers’ beliefs in reading through inquiry questions

Much has been written about teachers’ beliefs, including their beliefs about reading. Due to its established impact on how it affects classroom practices, teachers’ beliefs as a psychological construct is considered by some researchers as the most important in relation to teaching and teaching education. Thus, increasingly teachers of reading have been encouraged to reflect on their teaching practices as well as beliefs about reading. However, less work has been done on investigating reading teachers’ beliefs through the lens of the questions they ask about reading itself. This paper argues that questions are constitutive of people’s beliefs about what they deem important in life or in professional practice, and are regulative acts and evidence of reflection. Thus, analysing inquiry questions or what teachers ask about reading will enable identification and description of certain beliefs held by the teachers themselves. In other words, framed within an understanding of teachers’ questions as teachers’ beliefs, through thematic analysis this paper presents six themes that reveal teachers’ beliefs related to reading instruction