Comparison of fluorescent bands during staining of statoliths of the squid Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda : Loliginidae)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A redução ao sistema como operação epistêmica na pesquisa descritiva e explicativa em ciência da informação

The scientific reduction to the individual or atom, typical of analytical, disciplinary science, earned the derogatory designation “reductionism” to denounce its inadequacy to deal with concrete, complex problems. Bunge's systemism is a worldview at variance with reductionism, but also with the “reduction to the whole” of holistic approaches that deny the possibility of explanation through analysis. This article presents the reduction to the system, a fundamental epistemic operation of systemism, with emphasis on its application to information science. We discuss the fundamentals of systemism, particularly its composition-environment-structure-mechanism, or CESM model, which frames systemist reduction. A graduate course on systemist research with CESM is presented, including a new modeling method, illustrated with students' models. We show how to explain systemic effects, even if counterintuitive, claiming that systemist research is in better conditions to do so than its rivals reductionism and holism

A redução ao sistema como operação epistêmica na pesquisa descritiva e explicativa em ciência da informação

The scientific reduction to the individual or atom, typical of analytical, disciplinary science, earned the derogatory designation “reductionism” to denounce its inadequacy to deal with concrete, complex problems. Bunge's systemism is a worldview at variance with reductionism, but also with the “reduction to the whole” of holistic approaches that deny the possibility of explanation through analysis. This article presents the reduction to the system, a fundamental epistemic operation of systemism, with emphasis on its application to information science. We discuss the fundamentals of systemism, particularly its composition-environment-structure-mechanism, or CESM model, which frames systemist reduction. A graduate course on systemist research with CESM is presented, including a new modeling method, illustrated with students' models. We show how to explain systemic effects, even if counterintuitive, claiming that systemist research is in better conditions to do so than its rivals reductionism and holism

A redução ao sistema como operação epistêmica na pesquisa descritiva e explicativa em ciência da informação

The scientific reduction to the individual or atom, typical of analytical, disciplinary science, earned the derogatory designation “reductionism” to denounce its inadequacy to deal with concrete, complex problems. Bunge's systemism is a worldview at variance with reductionism, but also with the “reduction to the whole” of holistic approaches that deny the possibility of explanation through analysis. This article presents the reduction to the system, a fundamental epistemic operation of systemism, with emphasis on its application to information science. We discuss the fundamentals of systemism, particularly its composition-environment-structure-mechanism, or CESM model, which frames systemist reduction. A graduate course on systemist research with CESM is presented, including a new modeling method, illustrated with students' models. We show how to explain systemic effects, even if counterintuitive, claiming that systemist research is in better conditions to do so than its rivals reductionism and holism

Affirmative actions in terms of special rights:Confronting structural violence in Brazilian higher education

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)In this article, the authors interpret affirmative actions with reference to structural violence, which is accompanied by legitimizing discourses that tend to make discrimination appear natural and unquestionable. They illustrate the extension of structural violence in Brazilian society with particular reference to access to higher education. It has been common to talk about some groups of students as having special needs. However, the authors see groups of students suffering structural violence as being groups with special rights, and explore affirmative actions through the notion of special rights. The authors find that special-rights terminology establishes the discussion of affirmative actions in higher education in a broader and, at the same time, more profound conceptual framework related to interpretations of social justice. Simultaneously, special-rights terminology brings an educational specificity to the discussion of affirmative actions. Thus, the authors see affirmative actions as being both a general sociopolitical and specific educational challenge.Univ Fed Alfenas, Dept Math, 700th Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, BR-37130001 Alfenas, MG, BrazilAalborg Univ, Dept Learning & Philosophy, Aalborg, DenmarkState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Math Educ, Sao Paulo, BrazilState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Math Educ, Sao Paulo, BrazilCAPES: 2014/05584-

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group

Interference of H-bonding and substituent effects in nitro- and hydroxy-substituted salicylaldehydes

Two intramolecular interactions, i.e., (1) hydrogen bond and (2) substituent effect, were analyzed and compared. For this purpose, the geometry of 4- and 5-X-substituted salicylaldehyde derivatives (X = NO2, H or OH) was optimized by means of B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ methods. The results obtained allowed us to show that substituents (NO2 or OH) in the para or meta position with respect to either OH or CHO in H-bonded systems interact more strongly than in the case of di-substituted species: 4- and 3-nitrophenol or 4- and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde by ∼31%. The substituent effect due to the intramolecular charge transfer from the para-counter substituent (NO2) to the proton-donating group (OH) is ∼35% greater than for the interaction of para-OH with the proton-accepting group (CHO). The total energy of H-bonding for salicylaldehyde, and its derivatives, is composed of two contributions: ∼80% from the energy of H-bond formation and ∼20% from the energy associated with reorganization of the electron structure of the systems in question