I’rāb ar-Raf’ wa al-Jazm li al-Fi’l al-Muḍāri’ fī Āyāt al-Qur’āniyyah wa Fawā’iduh li Ta’līm al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah (Dirāsah Naḥwiyyah Ṣarfiyyah): I’rab Raf’ and Jazm of the Simple Present tense in Quranic verses and Those Functions in Teaching the Arabic language (Morphological and Grammatical Study)

This study aims to analyze the present tense verb in the frequent Qur'anic reading, the construction of grammatical study, and its function in learning the Arabic language. This study discusses the significant differences in visualism caused by differences in the customary forms that preceded them. The study also contributes to providing students with the skill of language fluency. The results of differences in the expression of the present tense verb for the difference in the form of the tool in this study include This study uses qualitative data with primary data sources from the original books such as Al-Qur'an, As-Sab'ah fil Qira'at, An-Nasyr fi al-Qira'at al-'Asyr and secondary data sources in the form of relevant books. The data collection methods are library research to collect some data with an Arabic linguistics approach. The results of the study are the difference in the syntax of the present tense in the frequent Qur’anic readings with linking the state of the case with the meanings, and the difference of I’rab raf’ and Jazm in the structure of the present tense in the frequent Qur’anic readings with an explanation of the impact of this difference in the noble verse that contributes to building the linguistic ability of the students. Keywords: Grammatical study, Present tense, Qur’anic reading;   ملخص تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الفعل المضارع في القراءة القرآنية المتكررة وبناء الدراسة النحوية وعلاقتها في تعليم اللغة العربية. تناقش هذه الدراسة الاختلافات الكبيرة في التصور الناتجة عن الاختلافات في الأشكال العرفية التي سبقتها. كما تساهم الدراسة في تزويد الطلاب بطلاقة اللغة. تتضمن نتائج الاختلافات في التعبير عن الفعل المضارع للاختلاف في شكل الأداة في هذه الدراسة: تستخدم هذه الدراسة البيانات النوعية مع مصادر البيانات الأولية من الكتب الأصلية مثل القرآن، والصباح في القراءات، والنصير في القراءات، ومصادر البيانات الثانوية في شكل كتب ذات صلة. طرق جمع البيانات هي البحث المكتبي لجمع بعض البيانات باستخدام نهج اللغويات العربية. نتائج الدراسة هي الاختلاف في صيغة المضارع في القراءات القرآنية المتواترة مع ربط حالة الحالة بالمعاني، والاختلاف في بنية المضارع في القراءات القرآنية المتواترة مع شرح أثر هذا الاختلاف في الآية الكريمة التي تساهم في بناء القدرة اللغوية للطلاب. الكلمات المفتاحية : إعراب الرفع والجزم, الفعل المضارع, نحوية وصرفي

The Effect of Banana Skin on the Bacterial Infections of the Chronic Gingivitis Patients

One hundred samples (63% females, 37% males) from periodontal patients. Clinical and bacterial examinations were done. More than 4 different genuses of bacteria were present in these infection Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium spp were most frequently isolated followed by Streptococcus spp. Pigmented bacilli and non spore forming bacilli which was present in few cases. These results are showed that the gingiva tend to retarn more normaly in group of patients using 3-4 times daily by rubbing the gingiva all round with the inner surface of banana skin until all the strap is finished. The aqueous extraction of banana skin show very effective against aerobic and anaerobic isolated from periodontal disease

Seaweed organic compounds source of hydrocolloids and sustainable food packaging properties, application, and future direction

Seaweed has different biologically active macromolecules, including polyphenols, fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Recent developments in seaweed bioactive compounds improved food packaging quality and functional properties and increased food production innovations and sustainability. Seaweed compounds are a good source of gelling, thickening, and emulsifying agents in food industrial products. Further Green Extraction methods are used for the extraction of bioactive compounds, these methods are environment friendly, with less time and high-yield production. Seaweeds incorporate antioxidants that reduce lipid oxidation, thus enhancing food's durability and nutritional value and reducing free radicals' occurrence and retard the growth of bacteria. Seaweed has increased its potential for antimicrobial packaging solutions. The manuscript explores the perspective for advancing seaweed-based films, involving property improvements, increased shelf life, and production scalability. Seaweed-based films offer sustainable packaging for fresh produce, seafood, bakeries, and confectionery products. Seaweed-derived bioactive compounds enhance the quality and safety of packaged food products and seaweed polysaccharides in food packaging are their biodegradability and environmental friendliness

Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Anti-Diabetic Activities of

Opuntia ficus cladodes (OFC) are considered one of the wastes that result from opuntia cultivation, and their disposal by traditional methods results in many environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with two aims. The first was the production of OFC gel, and the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant (by two methods, DPPH and ABTS), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. The second was an investigation of the effects of different concentrations of this gel (0, 50, and 100%) as an edible coating on the quality of shrimp during 8 days of refrigerated storage. The results showed that this gel was characterised by a high content of ash (10.42%), total carbohydrates (75.17%), and total phenols (19.79 mg GAE/g). OFC gel contained six types of sugars: arabinose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and uronic acid, and the most abundant was xylose (36.72%). It is also clear from the results that the OFC gel had high antioxidant properties, which were higher against DPPH than ABTS at the same concentration. OFC gel showed a high inhibition activity against lipase, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, and their IC50 values were 1.43 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/mL, and 0.57 mg/mL, respectively. The results also stated that shrimp coated with OFC gel had lower pH, drip loss, TVB-N, and TBA values through the days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, the shrimp coated with 100% OFC gel were better than those coated with 50% OFC gel. In conclusion, OFC gel showed high potency as active antioxidant, for its enzyme anti-activities, and as an edible coating for shrimp

Molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for the detection of known mutations has facilitated detecting specific red blood cell (RBC) enzyme deficiencies. We carried out a study on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient subjects in Jeddah to evaluate the molecular characteristics of this enzyme deficiency and the frequency of nucleotide1311 and IVS-XI-93 polymorphisms in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. RESULTS: A total of 1584 unrelated Saudis (984 neonates and 600 adults) were screened for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was 6.9% (n=110). G6PD Mediterranean mutation was observed in 98 (89.1%) cases, G6PD Aures in 11 (10.0%) cases, and G6PD Chatham in 1 (0.9%) case. None of the samples showed G6PD A mutation. Samples from 29 deficient subjects (25 males and 4 females) were examined for polymorphism. The association of two polymorphisms of exon/intron 11 (c.1311T/IVS XI 93C) was observed in 14 (42.4%) of 33 chromosomes studied. This association was found in 9 (31.0%) carriers of G6PD Mediterranean and in 4 (13.8%) carriers of G6PD Aures. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of mutations were G6PD Mediterranean, followed by G6PD Aures and <1% G6PD Chatham. We conclude that 1311T is a frequent polymorphism in subjects with G6PD Mediterranean and Aures variants in Jeddah

First report of field evolved resistance to agrochemicals in dengue mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), from Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Agrochemicals have been widely used in Pakistan for several years. This exposes mosquito populations, particularly those present around agricultural settings, to an intense selection pressure for insecticide resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of representative agrochemicals against various populations of <it>Aedes albopictus </it>(Skuse) collected from three different regions from 2008-2010.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For organophosphates and pyrethroids, the resistance ratios compared with susceptible Lab-PK were in the range of 157-266 fold for chlorpyrifos, 24-52 fold for profenofos, 41-71 fold for triazofos, and 15-26 fold for cypermethrin, 15-53 fold for deltamethrin and 21-58 fold for lambdacyhalothrin. The resistance ratios for carbamates and new insecticides were in the range of 13-22 fold for methomyl, 24-30 fold for thiodicarb, and 41-101 fold for indoxacarb, 14-27 fold for emamectin benzoate and 23-50 fold for spinosad. Pair wise comparisons of the log LC_50sof insecticides revealed correlation among several insecticides, suggesting a possible cross resistance mechanism. Moreover, resistance remained stable across 3 years, suggesting field selection for general fitness had also taken place for various populations of <it>Ae. albopictus</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Moderate to high level of resistance to agrochemicals in Pakistani field populations of <it>Ae. albopictus </it>is reported here first time. The geographic extent of resistance is unknown but, if widespread, may lead to problems in future vector control.</p

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Modeling of a Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Vehicle-to-Grid Implementation

This paper is aimed at modelling of a distinct smart charging station for electric vehicles (EVs) that is suitable for DC quick EV charging while ensuring minimum stress on the power grid. Operation of the charging station is managed in such a way that it is either supplied by photovoltaic (PV) power or the power grid, and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is also implemented for improving the stability of the grid during peak load hours. The PV interfaced DC/DC converter and grid interfaced DC/AC bidirectional converter share a DC bus. A smooth transition of one operating mode to another demonstrates the effectiveness of the employed control strategy. Modelling and control of the different components are explained and are implemented in Simulink. Simulations illustrate the feasible behaviour of the charging station under all operating modes in terms of the four-way interaction among PV, EVs and the grid along with V2G operation. Additionally, a business model is discussed with comprehensive analysis of cost estimation for the deployment of charging facilities in a residential area. It has been recognized that EVs bring new opportunities in terms of providing regulation services and consumption flexibility by varying the recharging power at a certain time instant. The paper also discusses the potential financial incentives required to inspire EV owners for active participation in the demand response mechanism

Probabilistic Modeling of Electric Vehicle Charging Pattern Associated with Residential Load for Voltage Unbalance Assessment

It has been recognized that an increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) may potentially alter load profile in a distribution network. As EVs are regarded as a diversely distributed load so a deterministic method, to predict EV charging load, may not account for all possible factors that could affect the power system. Thus, a stochastic approach is applied that takes into account various realistic factors such as EV battery capacity, state of charge (SOC), driving habit/need, i.e., involving type and purpose of trip, plug-in time, mileage, recharging frequency per day, charging power rate and dynamic EV charging price under controlled and uncontrolled charging schemes. A probabilistic model of EVs charging pattern associated with residential load profile is developed. The probabilistic model gives an activity based residential load profile and EV charging pattern over a period of 24 h. Then, the model output is used to assess the power quality index such as voltage unbalance factor under different electric vehicle penetration levels at different nodes of the system. An uneven EV charging scenario is identified that could cause the voltage unbalance to exceed its permissible limit