DEHB ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda serum ürotensin-II düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Urotensin-II (U-II) is one of the most vasoconstrictive substrates for the mammals. Lately, this substrate is thought to be responsible for developing of the neuropsychiatric disorders, by causing an abnormal brain bloodstream situation. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently seen disorders in childhood and their etiologies are remain unclear. This study evaluated the serum urotensin-II levels of children with ASD and ADHD and compared with healthy subjects' urotensin-II levels. Methods: Total of 179 children between age of 4-12, 60 of them diagnosed with ADHD and 60 of children with ASD, according to the DSM-5 criteria and both had no treatment for at least a month and 59 of healthy subjects whom they all admitted to the Ankara Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital were included. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, a semi-structured interview, was applied to all subjects. Venous samples of the participants were given after a-12 hours starvation. Serum U-II levels were analyzed by the use of ELISA kits. SPSS 16.0 was used for analysis and p<0.05 was accepted as significance level. Results: U-II levels of children with ASD were found higher than that of ADHD and healthy groups. There was also a positive correlation between U-II levels and autism behavior checklist scores. Discussion: Higher U-II levels and its levels' correlation with symptom severity of disorder are thought to be a responsible factor that could play a role in ASD etiology. Further studies with larger sample size could be useful to investigate the role of UII in the etiology and treatment research of AS

The Effect of Ag Content of the Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Material on the Structure and Antibacterial Activity

The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties and characterization of chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite material was synthesized by adding AgNO3 and NaOH solutions to chitosan solution at 95°C. Different concentrations (0,02 M, 0,04 M, and 0,06 M) of AgNO3 were used for synthesis. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer techniques. Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were used to test the bactericidal efficiency of synthesized chitosan-Ag nanoparticle composite materials. The biological activity was determined by the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of the materials. Antibacterial effect of chitosan-silver nanoparticle materials was increased by increasing Ag amount of the composite materials. The presence of small amount of metal nanoparticles in the composite was enough to significantly enhance antibacterial activity as compared with pure chitosan

Developmental screening of healthy children between 6-24 months

Developmental screening of healthy children from early childhood provides to identify high-risk children, early diagnose of developmental delay, better prognosis, correspond direction of family and treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental stages for healthy children referring to the pediatric clinic for early childhood check-ups. Methods. The development of 328 children was evaluated. It is found that; awareness skills of infants with siblings were better than those without siblings. The infants attended to by caregivers had limited word usage compared with those cared for by mothers and relatives. The developmental stages were evaluated by using Social-Communication Area Screening Test for Infants (SCASI). Results. The developmental stages of infants whose mothers were graduated from university were better than the other infants in terms of awareness skills. In addition, social content skills in terms of communication levels and total points were better in infants cared for by mothers and relatives than the others, and it appears that those cared for by relatives were better compared to those only looked after by mothers. Our study indicated that according to SCASI scores, 6.1% of infants were in the risk group. Conclusions. During the first years, regular check-ups and recording of the development are very important in terms of ensuring that there is early intervention in the case of any delay in development stages. Screening tests that can be used easily, regularly repeatable, including observation of parents and having short evaluation process should be extended

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol on Pt/NiZn Electrode in Alkaline Medium

WOS: 000295530300008In this study, a platinum electrode was coated with NiZn layer (Pt/NiZn) in a nickel-zinc bath by electrodeposition for use as anode material for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline solution. The electrode prepared was etched in a concentrated alkaline solution (30% NaOH) to produce a porous and electrocatalytic surface suitable for use in the methanol electrooxidation (Pt/NiZn). The surface morphologies and compositions of coating before and after alkaline leaching were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The effect of NiZn coated platinum electrode for methanol electrooxidation was investigated in 1 M NaOH solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Methanol electrooxidation on Pt/NiZn electrode was studied at various temperatures and potential scan rates. The results showed that Pt/NiZn electrode behaved as an efficient catalyst for the electrooxidation of methanol in alkaline medium

The Effect of Ag Content of the Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Material on the Structure and Antibacterial Activity

The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties and characterization of chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite material was synthesized by adding AgNO3 and NaOH solutions to chitosan solution at 95 degrees C. Different concentrations (0,02M, 0,04M, and 0,06M) of AgNO3 were used for synthesis. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer techniques. Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were used to test the bactericidal efficiency of synthesized chitosan-Ag nanoparticle composite materials. The biological activity was determined by the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of the materials. Antibacterial effect of chitosan-silver nanoparticle materials was increased by increasing Ag amount of the composite materials. The presence of small amount of metal nanoparticles in the composite was enough to significantly enhance antibacterial activity as compared with pure chitosan

Facebook overuse and addiction among Turkish adolescents: are ADHD and ADHD-related problems risk factors?

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, using social network sites (SNSs) has grown and become an integral part of daily routine for adolescents. As known, ADHD is a major public health problem for all addiction types, including the Internet and SNSs addiction. Our aim was to examine the effect of ADHD, impulsivity types, using motivations, internalizing and externalizing symptoms on Facebook (FB) overuse and FB addiction among adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from ADHD and non-ADHD adolescents who were applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry and have an active FB account. We used FB Use and Motivations Form, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Bergen FB Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Long form (CASS:L). RESULTS: Our results indicated that ADHD adolescents have more fake FB accounts, have their own accounts for longer time, are using FB for more motivation types and FB overuse is more frequent than in non-ADHD counterparts. According to the degree of FB use, we have shown that adolescents with FB overuse behaviour have more externalizing symptoms and have higher CASS:L and Barrat impulsivity scores than others. Risk factors for FB overuse are: having a fake FB account and having higher ADHD index scores; risk factors for FB addiction are: higher attentional impulsivity, higher conduct problems scores and higher ADHD index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have improved our understanding about the risk factors of a new behavioural addiction type among adolescents

Comparison of effectiveness of intubation by way of “Gum Elastic Bougie” and “Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway” in endotracheal intubation of patients with simulated cervical trauma

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of intubations by way of “Gum Elastic Bougie” and “Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway” in endotracheal intubation of patients with simulated cervical trauma. Method: 134 patients were included in the study. All patients were placed cervical collar for a simulated cervical trauma. Patients were allocated randomly into three groups: Group NI (n = 45) intubation with Macintosh laryngoscopy, Group GEB (n = 45) intubation with Gum Elastic Bougie, and Group ILMA (n = 44) intubation with Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway. The number of intubation attempts, success of intubation, duration of complete visualization of the larynx, duration of intubation, user's performance score, hemodynamic changes and the observed complications were recorded. Results: Success of intubation in the first attempt was highest in Group GEB while it was lowest in Group ILMA. Regarding the intubation success, rates of successful intubation were 95.6%, 84.4% and 65.9% in Groups GEB, NI, and ILMA, respectively. Durations of visualization of larynx and intubation were shorter in Groups NI and GEB than in Group ILMA. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference between Groups NI and GEB. The number of patients with “good” intubation performance was significantly higher in Group GEB while the number of patients with “poor” intubation performance was significantly higher in Group ILMA (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that GEB, which is cheap and easily accessible, should be an advantageous choice in cervical trauma patients for both the easeness of intubation and patient morbidity and mortality. Resumo: Objetivo: Neste estudo avaliamos a eficácia de intubações por meio de guia introdutor Bougie e máscara laríngea em intubação endotraqueal de pacientes com trauma cervical simulado. Método: Foram incluídos no estudo 134 pacientes. Colar cervical foi colocado em todos os pacientes para um trauma cervical simulado. Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo NI (n = 45) foi submetido à intubação com laringoscópio Macintosh; Grupo ITE (n = 45) foi submetido à intubação com guia introdutor de tubo endotraqueal e Grupo ML (n = 44) foi submetido à intubação com máscara laríngea. Número de tentativas de intubação, sucesso de intubação, tempo de visualização completa da laringe, tempo de intubação, escore de desempenho do usuário, alterações hemodinâmicas e complicações observadas foram registrados. Resultados: O sucesso da intubação na primeira tentativa foi maior no Grupo ITE e menor no grupo ML. Ainda em relação ao sucesso da intubação, as taxas de sucesso foram 95,6%, 84,4% e 65,9% nos grupos ITE, NI e ML, respectivamente. Os tempos de visualização da laringe e de intubação foram menores nos grupos NI e ITE que no Grupo ML. Essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa, p < 0,05), enquanto não houve diferença significativa entre os Grupos NI e ITE. O número de pacientes com bom desempenho na intubação foi significativamente maior no grupo ITE, enquanto o número de pacientes com mau desempenho na intubação foi significativamente maior no grupo ML (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Concluímos que o ITE, que é barato e facilmente acessível, deve ser uma opção vantajosa em pacientes com trauma cervical, tanto pela facilidade de intubação quanto devido à taxa de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. Keywords: Difficult airway, Cervical trauma, Palavras-chave: Via aérea difícil, Trauma cervica

HALKLA İLİŞKİLER EĞİTİMİNDE ULUSLARARASILAŞMANIN ÖNEMİ: İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA

İlk halkla ilişkiler derslerinin 1923 yılında ABD New York Üniversitesinde Edward Bernays tarafından verilmeye başlamasından itibaren günümüze kadar uzanan süreçte, başta ABD ve Batı Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere hizmet sektörünün geliştiği dünyanın hemen hemen her ülkesindeki üniversitelerde halkla ilişkiler lisans eğitiminin kendi başına müstakil bir bölüm/program olarak yer aldığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde ise küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle birlikte halka ilişkiler lisans eğitimi veren üniversitelerin ders müfredatlarının uluslararasılaşması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bunun öncelikli nedeni halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılarının söz konusu global iş çevresinde rekabet edebilmesi için donanımlarının/niteliklerinin zenginleştirilmesi ihtiyacıdır. Nitekim halkla ilişkiler uzmanlığının hedef kitlesini oluşturan kamular artık çok çeşitli ve geniş bir yelpazede varlık göstermektedir. Yalnızca uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşlar değil aynı zamanda küçük ve orta ölçekli organizasyonlar da farklı düzeylerde uluslararasılaşma kapsamında etkinliklerini sürdürmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Avrupa modeli halkla ilişkiler eğitimi veren iki ülke olan İngiltere ve Türkiye’nin giriş standartları en yüksek 10’ar halka ilişkiler lisans bölümü tespit edilerek web sayfalarındaki ders müfredatları incelenmiş ve uluslararasılaşma oranları belirlenmiştir. Ders müfredatlarının incelenmesi neticesinde ortaya çıkan sonuca göre İngiltere’de Leeds Beckett Üniversitesi ve Türkiye’de Gazi Üniversitesi dışında diğer tüm üniversitelerin halkla ilişkiler lisans bölümlerinin ders müfredatlarındaki uluslararasılaşma oranının %10’un altında kaldığı görülmüştür. İngiltere’de Manchester Metropolitan Üniversitesi, Greenwich Üniversitesi, West London Üniversitesi ve Londra Sanat Üniversitesi olmak üzere dört üniversitede uluslararasılaşma anlamında hiçbir dersin bulunmayışı şaşırtıcı bir bilgi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise en düşük oran %1,79 olarak Anadolu Üniversitesi özelinde dikkat çekmekte, bu oranı 4,17 yüzdesi ile Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi takip etmektedir. Ortaya çıkan bu sonuç halkla ilişkiler ders müfredatlarındaki uluslararası içeriğe sahip ders sayısının üniversitelerin tercihlerine bırakılmayıp bir eğitim politikası olarak genele yayılmasının bir zorunluluk haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Bu noktada halkla ilişkiler eğitiminin uluslararasılaşması konusunda bir standardizasyona gidilebilmesi ve konuya ilişkin farkındalık oluşturulabilmesi için ciddi bir takım çalışmalar yapılması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Yapılacak olan bu çalışmaların sürekli değişen küresel dengelere paralel olarak halkla ilişkiler sektörünün güncel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak adına olumlu sonuçlar doğuracağını söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır

Anesthesia in multiple sclerosis and obstructive sleep apnea: case report and literature review

While patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or multiple sclerosis (MS) are at high risk of developing postoperative complications, both of them have special anesthetic considerations in intraoperative and postoperative periods. A careful preoperative evaluation, use of the optimal anesthetic regimen and close postoperative care is essential for these patients. Rarity of coexistence of both obstructive sleep apnea and multiple sclerosis in a surgical patient necessitates careful anesthetic management. We here report anesthetic management of a female patient with OSA and MS who underwent anesthesia three times for surgery and review the literature