Hypovitaminosis D, oral potentially malignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma:a systematic review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (OPMDs) could be associated with low levels of vitamin D. This systematic review aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with OPMDs and OSCC. This review was conducted according to Cochrane guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020207382) on literature retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. The antecedents extracted were study design, methodology, sample (country, number of patients, age, and sex), oral manifestations (type of lesion, location, prevalence, and follow-up), serum vitamin D levels or use of vitamin D supplements, results, and conclusions. Twelve articles were selected. Some of the most relevant findings were alterations in vitamin D could favor the progress of OPMDs to OSCC. Higher levels of vitamin D can increase levels of anti-inflammatory mediators, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3+ T lymphocytes in intratumoral tissue. The normalization of vitamin D levels in patients with OSCC can increased cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, favoring antitumor immune response. Vitamin D supplemented can lower adverse effects associated with chemotherapy like mucositis and pain. Tobacco can increase risk of developing OSCC altering vitamin D levels. Hypovitaminosis D could increase risk of developing OSCC from OPMDs, thus altering the immune response and it is associated with a lower survival rate in patients with OSCC, a greater recurrence of tumors in patients who underwent surgical treatment, and an increase in adverse reactions to chemotherapy. The use of vitamin D supplements can be a complement to primary therapy to prevent the recurrence of lesions and reduce adverse events associated with treatment

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Inequidades en salud bucal de adultos : conceptos claves y herramientas para monitorear el efecto de los programas y políticas de salud bucal en Chile

Este texto es una propuesta que presenta elementos teóricos y herramientas metodológicas para describir el estado dental de los adultos en Chile y monitorear el efecto de políticas y programas odontológicos, en la disminución de las inequidades en salud bucal. En primer lugar se describen algunas de las principales iniciativas y documentos que aportaron al desarrollo de la epidemiología social en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A continuación, se presenta la importancia de la salud bucal en adultos, el concepto de inequidades y un marco conceptual basado en el que desarrolló la Comisión de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud Bucal - Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), para describir la relación entre determinantes estructurales e intermedios en la génesis de las inequidades en salud bucal. Finalmente, se entrega una propuesta de indicadores para medir las desigualdades sociales en salud, que podrían ser utilizados para medir el impacto de los programas y políticas públicas de salud bucal en Chile. Este artículo se enfocará especialmente en caries dental y pérdida dentaria, debido a su alta prevalencia y por su fuerte impacto negativo en el aspecto funcional. psicológico y social en los adultos

Dietary patterns and dental caries in permanent dentition: A scoping review

Introduction: Dental caries is influenced by diet com-ponents. Dietary patterns are the way people combine foods and drinks. They can be derived through adherence to a standard diet (a priori), obtaining patterns from existing diet data (a posteriori), or Reduced Rank Regression. Dental caries research has focused on sugar instead of food combinations. The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence about the relationship between caries in permanent dentition and dietary patterns. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted by searching in Web of Science and PubMed. We included articles from 2001 to 2021, that studied dietary patterns or a combination of foods using one of the three methods described. Articles that dealt exclusively with breastfeeding, temporary dentition in children, or specific chronic diseases or disabilities were excluded. We assessed the quality of the articles with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: 1094 articles were identified and nine were included in qualitative synthesis. Three articles obtained dietary patterns through a priori methods and six with an a posteriori approach. Most of the studies (8) were cross-sectional. Some dietary patterns related to caries were “High in sugar-sweetened beverages and sandwiches”, “obesogenic” and “sweet”. Adherence to dietary recommendations like Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were associated with lower DMFS index and root caries index, respectively. Conclusions: An association between dietary patterns and caries was found, but causality cannot be affirmed. To a better understanding of this problem, new investigations are needed that should be focused on dietary styles instead of only some ingredients

Systematic review of Latin American national oral health surveys in adults

BackgroundOral diseases represent a main public health problem worldwide. There is scarce information about oral health indicators in adults in middle-income countries in Latin America and Africa. ObjectivesTo identify and describe national health surveys with national representative samples that included oral health assessment for adults in Latin America. MethodsA systematic review was conducted in scientific and regional bibliographic databases (PubMed, SciELO, Wos and Embase); this was complemented with searchings in grey literature (Google Scholar, Open Grey and government health organization websites), from August 2016 to May 2017 (from 2000 to date). Studies conducted, supervised or funded by Ministries of Health or National Health Institutes were included. Data extracted included country, year, methods, interview and dental examination. Two researchers independently performed search and data extraction. Results were discussed as a group. ResultsOnly 5 countries in Latin America have developed national health surveys evaluating the dental status in adults, with overall national representative samples during 2000-2015: Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Chile and Uruguay. Main differences were observed in the type of dental indicators selected, measure of dental services access and the professional who performed the dental examination. While some dental surveys were specifically designed as oral health surveys (Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Uruguay) and the examination was performed by dentists, other surveys represent a module within a general health survey (Chile) and the examination was performed by nurses. ConclusionsThere are a small number of Latin American countries that report research about dental status with national representation samples. Most of these studies have been conducted as national oral health surveys, and fieldwork was carried out by dentists. The development of oral health research in this part of the world should be promoted as these surveys provide relevant information to monitor oral health and evaluate the effectiveness of health programmes

Mucositis de células plasmáticas: Reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura

La mucositis de células plasmáticas es una entidad poco frecuente, de etiología desconocida, que se caracteriza por lesiones muy eritematosas, de superficie lobulada y edematosa, que puede afectar labios, mucosa oral, encías, paladar, lengua, epiglotis, laringe e incluso mucosa genital. Histológicamente se observa un denso infiltrado de células plasmáticas. Comunicamos dos casos: el primero, en una mujer de 50 años de edad que acudió a consulta por presentar dos placas eritematosas en mucosa de labio superior de dos años de evolución. Se manejó con esteroide tópico, con buena respuesta a corto plazo, aunque la paciente se perdió en su seguimiento. El segundo, una mujer de 47 años, con lesiones también localizadas en mucosa de labio superior y en papilas interdentales de encía vestibular superior, que respondieron con tratamiento esteroide sistémico en esquema de reducción gradual. La biopsia demostró en ambos casos un denso infiltrado compuesto por células plasmáticas. Los estudios de inmunohistoquímica demostraron en el segundo caso positividad a cadenas kappa y lambda. Se discuten los hallazgos clinicopatológicos sobresalientes de esta condición, su manejo y diagnóstico diferencial

Validation of the WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Questionnaire in an Urban Sample of Older Adults in a Neighbourhood in Zaragoza (Spain)

Background: Nowadays, the increase in life expectancy needs to be matched by an increase in the wellbeing of older adults. A starting point is the definition of what is understood by health-related quality of life and its measurement in different contexts. Our research translates these international priorities to a local base. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) in a sample of older adults from a Spanish urban community (Casablanca). Methods: In collaboration with the local health centre, we designed and implemented the health neighbourhood survey. Interviews took place at subjects’ homes with 212 women and 135 men over the age of 60, who were residents in Casablanca. With the results, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics of WHOQOL-BREF and tested its reliability and validation. Results: The instrument has a high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.9. The items with higher correlation value were: ability to carry out activities in daily life, enough energy for daily life. The scale contributions of Physical Health dimension (0.809) and Psychological Health dimension (0.722) were notable. Conclusions: As with other studies, the instrument proved to be an integral evaluation of the diverse domains that condition the wellbeing of older adults

Orofacial granulomatosis and diet therapy

Orofacial granulomatosis is a nonspecific term that contains a wide variety of granulomatous entities, which share a clinical and histopathological presentation. It manifests as persistent or recurrent orofacial swelling, amongst other findings. Idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis, characterized by an absence of systemic granulomatous disease, is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main differential diagnosis is Crohn's disease. Its pathogenesis is unknown, however, it seems to be immune-mediated. Patch-test sensitivity to multiple allergens is well documented. Currently, therapeutic options consider restrictive diets, topical, intralesional, and systemic agents. First-line therapy is currently a matter of debate. We present a review of the value of diet therapy in this syndrome, along with two illustrative cases

Distribution of biopsied non plaque-induced gingival lesions in a Chilean population according to the classification of periodontal diseases

Background: Many gingival lesions are not induced by plaque. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of biopsied non-plaque-induced gingival lesions (NPIGL) in a Chilean population. Methods: One thousand twelve cases of biopsied gingival lesions with confirmed anatomopathologic diagnosis were included, from the records of the Oral Pathology Referral Institute (OPRI), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, between years 1990 and 2009. Results: The most frequent non plaque-induced gingival lesions categories from biopsied cases included hyperplastic lesions, malignancies and benign neoplasms. The most frequent diagnoses in each category were fibrous hyperplasia (35.47%), squamous cell carcinoma (3.85%) and giant cell fibroma (2.08%), respectively. From all lesions, only 8.3% fitted in the specified categories of the current classification of periodontal diseases. Conclusions: The most frequent biopsied NPIGL were hyperplastic lesions and neoplasms. These categories represent relevant lesions to be included in a future periodontal classification system to improve the care needs of the patients, as well as early diagnosis and treatment.National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, Chilean Government 1090461 112013