Modelos fotoelásticos aplicados a la restauración dental

Objective: To improve the understanding of the changes generated by restorative procedures through photoelastic models. Dental reconstruction should be based on principles of occlusion in order not to cause premature contact points during preparation and restoration procedures that can lead to disorders such as occlusal trauma, TMJ dysfunction, or fractures. This paper presents a didactic method to objectively visualize occlusal loads and their distribution. Materials and methods: Photoelastic models of teeth and maxillary segments were made to visualize the effects of dental preparations and restorations, as well as the wear of premature contact points. Results: The direction, intensity and distribution of stresses in the crown and bone support were analyzed by photoelasticity. Conclusions: The technique allows us to visualize how the structures are affected from the cavity preparation, the different stresses with diamond or carbide burs, in addition to observing how a premature contact point not only affects the organ that contains it but also the surrounding structures.Objetivo:  Mejorar la comprensión de los cambios generados por los procedimientos restaurativos a través de modelos fotoelásticos. La reconstrucción dental debe fundamentarse en principios de oclusión para no provocar puntos prematuros de contacto durante los procedimientso de preparación y restauración que pueden provocar transtornos como el trauma oclusal, disfuncion de la ATM, o fracturas. En este documento se presenta un metodo didactico para visualizar de forma objetiva las cargas oclusales y su distribución. Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron modelos fotoelasticos de dientes y segmentos maxilares, para visualizar los efectos de las preparaciones dentales y restauraciones, asi como el desgaste de puntos prematuros de contacto. Resultados: Por fotoelasticidad se analizó la dirección, intensidad y distribución de esfuerzos en la corona y soporte óseo. Conclusiones: La tecnica permite visualizar cómo se afectan las estructuras desde la preparación cavitaria, los diferentes esfuerzos con fresas de diamante o carburo, además de observar cómo un punto prematuro de contacto no solo afecta al órgano que lo contiene sino a estructuras aledañas

DESARROLLO DE UN SISTEMA INTEGRAL DE UN MAPEO DE PROCESOS, APLICADO AL ÁREA DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL NOPAL EN POLVO

En la presente investigación se desarrolló un mapeo de procesos aplicado al departamento de producción del nopal con el objetivo de identificar, entender y describir los procesos de la producción del nopal en polvo. Esta herramienta permitió identificar las mudas deldesperdicio, mismo con esta implementación se buscó cumplir con los objetivos, es por ello que esta herramienta simplifico y elimino todo aquello que no agrega valor al proceso. Con la presente herramienta se pudo mejorar los procesos existentes. Midiendo la operación, transporte almacenamiento y demora. Por lo tanto, también permitió conocer la definición actual de cada proceso así mismo eliminar los errores de entendimiento, disminuir el desperdicio y estableciendo métricas de desempeño. Por consiguiente, la actividad que tuvo mayor valor fue almacenamiento con un tiempo de 60 minutos el cual se busca reducir con la estandarización de tiempo del pesaje del nopal. Por otra parte, al implementar sistemas de medición, se permitirá obtener información sobre el desempeño de los procesos y los cambios que son requeridos hacer para obtener mejores resultados y poder llegar hacer de clase mundial [1]

A proposal for additively manufacturing printed circuits by employing concentrated solar energy

A novel method capable of generating printed circuits using concentrated solar energy (CSE) is proposed. The open literature has reported that no method employs CSE to obtain printed circuits additively. Based on the Mill & Fill method, a conductive material (Sn63Pb37) is deposited inside a trench milled on a thermoplastic substrate (PETG). The concentrated solar beam melts the conductive material to form a solid trace, while the substrate relaxes its structure and allows the inclusion of the path. The resulting hybrid joining between plastic and metal is like those obtained by LAMP (laser-assisted joining of metal-polymer). The 20 conducted tests found that the magnitude of direct solar radiation and the overall system efficiency are the most influential variables on the exposure time of the trace to the solar spot. Each test, with its conditions, was simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the temperatures obtained experimentally were compared with those obtained by simulation. This proposal is expected to serve as a bridge between both fields of study so that solar concentrators will be considered in the additive manufacturing of printed circuits and expand CSE's potential for developing consumer goods

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts