Nuevas derivas del relato lírico: Francisco Umbral y Sylvie Germain

El presente trabajo trata de explicar lo que se esconde tras ciertas etiquetas genéricas que han resultado algo imprecisas como “novela lírica” o “relato poético”. Para ello, abordaremos el problema desde una teoría de los géneros literarios entendida en sentido global desde la deconstrucción crítica de Schaeffer. La hipótesis que intentaremos demostrar apunta a la construcción de un imaginario teórico complejo que se actualiza en diferentes sentidos según las propuestas de sus autores. En esta ejemplificación de tan distintas derivas, nos acercaremos a dos apuestas muy distintas: la de Francisco Umbral y la de Sylvie Germain. La revisión bibliográfica llevada a cabo en el Estado de la cuestión nos dará varias pistas de análisis que apuntan, sin embargo, a derroteros diferentes, por lo que nuestro primer objetivo será establecer una aproximación al “género” desde las diferentes teorías de los géneros literarios, tratando de analizar la supuesta fusión de los ámbitos genéricos de lo lírico y lo narrativo..

Tomar la palabra. Intertextualidad e intermedialidad como herramientas pedagógicas para la enseñanza de la literatura y otros discursos

Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Tomar la palabra (II). Intertextualidad e intermedialidad como herramientas pedagógicas para la enseñanza de la literatura y otros discursos

Este proyecto explora las relaciones entre obras literarias y literatura y otras artes (música, pintura, fotografía, cine, etc.) como medio para desarrollar la competencia lectora y expresiva y estimular el disfrute literario en ámbito universitario

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Otra retórica del relato lírico

Analyser le fantastique non seulement comme une “isotopie de la transgression” mais aussi comme un système rhétorique adopté par certains récits lyrico-poétiques, peut nous aider, d’une part, à comprendre comment les structures du fantastique s’articulent ; d’autre part, à établir une corrélation entre la fonction poétique inscrite dans l’enchaînement évènementiel propre à la narration et une symbolisation qui efface toute possibilité de référence unique. C’est dans cette conjonction que le fantastique fait son jeu, en apportant les mécanismes nécessaires qui permettent au récit poétique de s’approcher des territoires du mythique.Analizar lo fantástico no sólo como una “isotopía de la transgresión” sino como un sistema retórico adoptado por determinados relatos lírico-poéticos, puede ayudarnos por un lado a entender cómo se articulan las estructuras de lo fantástico, y por otro, a establecer una correlación entre la función poética diluida en la concatenación evenemencial propia de lo narrativo y una simbolización que desdibuja toda posibilidad de una referencialidad única. Es en esta coyuntura en la que lo fantástico entra en juego, aportando los mecanismos necesarios que posibilitan al relato poético acercarse a los territorios de lo mítico

París, ciudad del (des)encuentro

One of the most common problems that arouses at the time of defining the urban space is the definition of the city limits. The city has a strongly metonymical character and capacity that contributes to create a very complex image of urban space in modernity. In our opinion, one of the most interesting examples is the Paris depicted in Rayuela, where the city becomes a woman, a text, a library, etc., in short, a complex metaphor delimited by the dialectics of matches and mismatches between the different levels that converge in the narration.Uno de los problemas más habituales a la hora de definir el espacio urbano en la literatura y las artes es la propia definición de los límites de la ciudad. La ciudad posee un carácter y una capacidad fuertemente metonímicos que contribuyen a crear una imagen muy compleja del espacio urbano en la modernidad. Uno de los ejemplos más interesantes a nuestro parecer es el París de Rayuela, donde la ciudad se convierte en mujer, en texto, en biblioteca, etc., en definitiva, en una compleja metáfora delimitada por la dialéctica del encuentro y el desencuentro entre los diferentes planos que convergen en el relato

Hepatic safety of RPV/FTC/TDF single tablet regimen in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Preliminary results of the hEPAtic Study

Introduction: Although hepatotoxicity related to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has become less frequent, hepatotoxic events, such as transaminase elevations (TE), are still a matter of concern. RPV/FTC/TDF (EPA) is a new single tablet regimen which is widely used in real life practice. Clinical trials showed an adequate profile of liver safety in the sub-population of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients receiving rilpivirine. However, the number of individuals included in these analyses is low (1). The aim of this ongoing study is to evaluate the incidence of TE and total bilirubin elevations (TBE) during the first 48 weeks of EPA-based therapy in a large population of HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects outside of clinical trials. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects who started EPA at the infectious diseases units of 14 centres throughout Spain, included as cases. Subjects who started an ART different to EPA during the study period at the same hospitals were selected as controls. The primary outcome variables were grade 3 or 4 TE and grade 4 TBE. Results: Of the 191 patients included, 31 (16.2%) subjects were naïve to ART. Eighty-seven individuals started EPA and the remaining ones were controls. The most common NRTI backbone among the controls was TDF/FTC [59 (56.7%) patients] followed by NRTI-sparing regimens [24 (23.1%) individuals] and ABC/3TC [17 (16.3%) subjects]. Among controls, 67 (64.4%) started a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, mainly DRV/r [41 (39.4%) patients] followed by ATV/r [16 (15.4%) subjects]. EFV, ETV and RAL were started in 16 (15.4%), 12 (11.5%) and 13 (12.5%) subjects, respectively. The median (Q1–Q3) follow-up was 5.79 (3.65–8.61) months for the cases and 11.44 (5.8–12.88) months for the controls. TE was observed in two (2.3%) cases versus five (4.8%) controls (p=0.358), accounting for a density of incidence of 4.32/100 person-years versus 5.51/100 person-years [incidence rate difference (95% confidence interval): −1.88 (−9.95–6.2), p=0.354]. All TE were grade 3 and no patient discontinued ART due to TE. None of the cases developed TBE versus four (3.8%) controls, all of them receiving ATV/r. Conclusions: The frequency of grade 3–4 TE associated with EPA in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients under real life conditions is very low. In addition, TE in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with EPA are usually mild and do not lead to treatment discontinuation. TBE was not seen in patients taking EPA. All these data confirm that EPA is safe in this particular subpopulation