Investigação sorológica da influenza tipos A e B em estudantes universitários, Brasil

Levantamento sorológico realizado em 200 estudantes da Universidade de São Paulo, nos anos de 1984 e 1985, demonstrou ampla prevalência sorológica do vírus da influenza tipos A e B. Os anticorpos dos indivíduos foram detectados pela técnica de Hemólise Radial Simples (HRS), cujas médias aritméticas de títulos foram maiores entre as cepas dos subtipos (H1N1) e (H3N2) do vírus da influenza tipo A, mais recentemente isoladas da população. Porém, com relação ao tipo B, deste vírus, a situação foi inversa, pois apesar da cepa B/Engl./ 847/73 ser a mais antiga incidente, revelou melhor reatogenicidade sobre as demais cepas avaliadas e de acordo com a doutrina do "Pecado original antigênico", é suposto que tenha sido responsável pela primo infecção na maioria do grupo investigado. A avaliação sorológica dos subtipos do vírus influenza tipos A e B, desta população, revelou índices de anticorpos de baixos títulos HRS (2,5 a 3,5 mm) e de altos títulos (>; 4,0 mm) que estão relacionadas ao menor e maior nível de proteção à infecção. Sendo que a capacidade individual da imunidade e da persistência de anticorpos contra o vírus, dependeram da atualidade e freqüência de exposição à influenza.Wide serological prevalence of influenza A and B was verified by the serological survey covering 200 students of the University of S. Paulo during the 1984-1985 period. The humoral antibodies were detected by the single radial haemolysis technique, whose arithmetic titres averages were greater for both subtypes, (H1N1) and (H3N2) of the influenza A virus strains recently isolated from the population. However, the situation of this type B virus was not the same as that of type A seeing that the B/Engl/ 847/73, although an older strain, showed better reactogenicity than the other strains evaluated. It is possible that is was responsible for the primo infection of most of the components of the group surveyed, as the phenomenon of the "Original Antigenic Sin" explains. The antibody responses to subtypes of influenza A and B in this survey demonstrated levels with low SRH titres (2.5 to 3.5 mm) and high SRH titres (>; 4.0mm) related to the lowest and highest levels of suggest protection against infection. Individual immunity and persistence of antibody are related to frequency and recent occurrence of exposition to influenza. As concerns the formulation of influenza vaccine it was established that this preserves the antigen selection of the new strains isolated from the population, mainly due to the behavior of the influenza A virus

Recuperação no sistema solo-planta de nitrogênio derivado da adubação verde aplicada à cultura do repolho.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a eficiência de recuperação, no sistema solo-planta, do nitrogênio derivado da adubação verde aplicada à cultura de repolho (Brassica oleracea). O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu da produção de palhada de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna-cinza (Mucuna cinereum), e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), em substrato enriquecido com 15N. A segunda etapa consistiu da aplicação das palhadas marcadas com 15N, em cobertura nos canteiros com repolho. Os tratamentos consistiram de: palha fresca de feijão-de-porco; palha fresca de mucuna-cinza; palha fresca de sorgo; mistura das palhas de mucuna, feijão-de-porco e sorgo a 1:1:1; e controle sem adubação verde. A recuperação de N no sistema solo-planta foi influenciada pelo tipo de palhada utilizado, e a eficiência de recuperação do N derivado da palhada de leguminosa variou de 9 a 16%. O tratamento com palha de feijão-de-porco é o que apresenta maior eficiência de recuperação e, portanto, a melhor sincronia da oferta de nitrogênio pela decomposição da palhada com a demanda pela cultura do repolho

Modelling Land Use Change in Brazil: 2000–2050

The input and output land cover dataset across all modelled time periods (2000-2050) and scenarios resulting from the work of the REDD-PAC project in Brazil. Please consult the data section of the REDD-PAC website (http://redd-pac.org/new_page.php?contents=data1.csv) to access a data visualization tool and to obtain the dataset in WFS format. This dataset can be accessed and displayed using GIS software such as QGIS. Please consult the metadata file for further instruction

Secondary metabolites from Spirotropis longifolia (DC) Baill and their antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi

A phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate extract of the roots and adventitious roots of Spirotropis longifolia, a monodominant tree species of the Guianan rainforest, has allowed the isolation of three compounds: 2- hydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-2',2'-dimethylpyrano-[5',6':4,3]-6a-prenyl-[6aS,11aS]-pterocarpan (spirotropin A), 2-hydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-2',2'-dimethy1-3',4'-dihydropyrano-[5',6':4,3]-6a-prenyl-(6aS,11aS]-pterocarpan (spirotropin B), and 5,7-dihydroxy-6.8-dipreny1-2 ''''.2 ''''-dimethylpyrano[5 '''',6 '''': 3',4]-isoflavone (spirotropone). In addition, 10 known compounds, trans-oxyresveratrol, trans-resveratrol, piceatannol, daidzein, genistein, isoprunetin, lupeol, latifolol, gnetin D and gnetin E, were also isolated. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity and their cytotoxicity, and their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, CD and optical rotation measurements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CNRS (France)CAPESCNPqFAPESPFAPDF (Brazil

Comparison of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris cellular response to different agents of oxidative stress

Yeast cells exposed to adverse conditions employ a number of defense mechanisms in order to respond effectively to the stress effects of reactive oxygen species. In this work, the cellular response of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris to the exposure to the ROSinducing agents’ paraquat, hydrogen peroxide, and increased air pressure was analyzed. Yeast cells at exponential phase were exposed for 3 h to 1 mM paraquat, to 50 mM H2O2, or to increased air pressure of 3 or 5 bar. For both strains, the cellular viability loss and lipid peroxidation was lower for the cells exposed to increased air pressure than for those exposed to chemical oxidants. The glutathione induction occurred only in Y. lipolytica strain and reached the highest level as a response to PQ exposure. In general, antioxidant enzymes were more expressed in Y. lipolytica than in P. pastoris. The enzyme superoxide dismutase was induced in both strains under all the oxidant conditions but was dependent on the cellular growth phase, being undetectable in non-growing cells, whereas glutathione reductase was more induced in those conditions. Hydrogen peroxide was the most efficient inducer of catalase. Both yeast cultures underwent no cellular growth inhibition with increased air pressure, indicating that these yeast species were able to adapt to the oxidative stressful environment.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by "Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia" (Grant SFRH/BD/47371/2008)

Clusiaxanthone and tocotrienol Series from Clusia pernambucensis and their antileishmanial activity

Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Clusia pernambucensis G. Mariz, Clusiaceae, a Brazilian Cerrado species, led to the isolation and full characterization of a new xanthone, 1,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6',6'-dimethylpyrano(2',3':3,4)xanthone, namely clusiaxanthone. Four previously unreported tocotrienols from this species were also isolated. A derivative was obtained from clusiaxanthone, 1-hydroxy,7-methoxy-2-(3-methyl2-butenyl)-6',6'-dimethylpyrano(2',3':3,4)xanthone (7-O-methylclusiaxanthone), and an additional derivative was obtained from Z- δ -tocotrienoloic acid. The structures of these compounds were established based on data from ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) and infrared spectroscopy. The clusiaxanthone and its derivative were able to control macrophage infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis amastigotes (IC50 = 66.9 and 57.4 µM, respectively). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed in BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages.A análise fitoquímica do extrato acetato de etila da casca do caule de Clusia pernambucensis G. Mariz, Clusiaceae, uma espécie do Cerrado brasileiro, conduziu ao isolamento e caracterização completa de uma nova xantona, 1,7-dihidróxi-2-(3-metil-2-butenil)-6',6'-dimetilpirano(2',3':3,4) xantona, denominada clusiaxantona. Quatro tocotrienóis ainda não relatados nesta espécie também foram isolados. Um derivado foi obtido a partir da clusiaxantona, 1-hidróxi,7-metóxi-2-(3-metil2-butenil)-6',6'-dimetilpirano(2',3':3,4)xantona (7-O-metil-clusiaxantona), e um segundo derivado foi obtido a partir do ácido Z- δ -tocotrienolóico. As estruturas foram estabelecidas com base em dados de ressonância magnética nuclear de ¹H e 13C (NMR 1D e 2D), espectrometria de massa com ionização por electrospray de alta resolução (HRESIMS) e espectroscopia no infravermelho. No controle da infecção de macrófagos com amastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, os compostos ativos foram clusiaxantona e seu derivado (CI50 = 66,9 e 57,4 µM, respectivamente). A citotoxicidade dos compostos foi determinada em macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos BALB/c

Ocorrência de insetos-pragas e de seus predadores em diferentes sistemas de produção de soja.

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