In-hospital outcomes and predictors of mortality in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock treated by primary angioplasty: data from the InCor registry

INTRODUÇÃO: O choque cardiogênico é a maior causa de morte em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento de ST (IAMCSST). O presente estudo avaliou pacientes com IAMCSST e choque cardiogênico submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea primária com o objetivo de estabelecer seu perfil e os preditores de mortalidade hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, incluindo 100 pacientes avaliados no período de 2001 a 2009 quanto a características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento, e a desfechos intra-hospitalares. Por análise multivariada foram determinados preditores independentes da mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Com relação às características clínicas, foi observada alta prevalência de fatores de risco, sendo a taxa de sucesso angiográfico de 92%, apesar da complexidade das lesões (83,1% do tipo B2/C). A artéria mais acometida foi a descendente anterior (45%), tendo o padrão multiarterial ocorrido em 73% dos casos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 45%, sendo seus preditores independentes o padrão multiarterial [odds ratio (OR) 2,62; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,16-5,90] e o fluxo coronário TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento (OR 2,11, IC 95% 1,48-3,02). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com IAMCSST complicado por choque cardiogênico apresentaram características clínicas e angiográficas de alto risco e, apesar do alto sucesso angiográfico do procedimento, altas taxas de mortalidade. Foram preditores independentes de mortalidade o padrão multiarterial e fluxo TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento

SYNTAX Score application in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease randomized to CABG versus PCI - insights on the long-term follow-up

INTRODUÇÃO: O SYNTAX escore avalia a complexidade da doença arterial coronária (DAC). As diretrizes de revascularização miocárdica recomendam a sua utilização para auxiliar na escolha da melhor estratégia de tratamento (cirurgia ou angioplastia) nos pacientes com DAC estável. O diabetes está associado a DAC de maior complexidade. Poucos estudos avaliaram a aplicação do SYNTAX escore em pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o SYNTAX escore como preditor de eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM) nos grupos angioplastia coronária (ATC) e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM) em pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial. Comparar a RM e ATC em relação aos ECAM nas categorias do SYNTAX escore baixo, intermediário e alto. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, centro único, com pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial randomizados para ATC ou RM. O SYNTAX escore foi calculado post hoc por avaliador independente. Pacientes foram categorizados de acordo com o SYNTAX escore: baixo ( 22 e = 33). Foi avaliada prospectivamente a incidência de ECAM compostos por infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, necessidade de nova revascularização e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Pacientes diabéticos (n=191) com DAC multiarterial, foram randomizados para realização de RM (n=95) ou ATC com stent farmacológico (n=96). Foram excluídos da população 3 pacientes: um caso devido a desistência da RM após randomização e dois casos com coronariografias sem condições técnicas de cálculo do SYNTAX escore. Total de 188 pacientes, 96 no grupo ATC e 92 no grupo RM, foram acompanhados por tempo mediano de 6,5 anos (variando de 0,1 a 8,6 anos). Foi observada maior incidência de ECAM nos pacientes com SYNTAX escore intermediário no grupo ATC (17,6% baixo, 52,5% intermediário e 40,9% alto, p=0.02). Não foi observada diferença de ECAM entre as diferentes categorias de SYNTAX escore no grupo RM (13.5% baixo, 15.6% intermediário e 34.8% alto, p=0.10). O SYNTAX escore não foi fator de risco independente para ECAM no grupo ATC (HR=1,02; IC de 95% de 0,99 a 1,06, p=0,115). O SYNTAX escore apresentou calibração inadequada (?mid=23,25) e baixa capacidade discriminatória (área abaixo da curva ROC = 0.63) para ECAM no grupo ATC. No grupo RM o SYNTAX escore não foi preditor independente de ECAM (HR=1,03; IC de 95% de 0,99 a 1,07, p=0,14). Quando comparados os grupos ATC e RM de acordo com a categoria de SYNTAX escore foi observada maior incidência de ECAM no grupo angioplastia com SYNTAX escore intermediário (52,5% no grupo ATC vs 15,6% no grupo RM, p=0.002). Não foi observada diferença de ECAM nos pacientes com SYNTAX escore baixo (17,6% no grupo ATC vs 13,5% no grupo RM, p=0,59) e alto (40,9% no grupo ATC vs 34,8% no grupo RM, p=0.68) entre a ATC e RM. CONCLUSÕES: O SYNTAX escore não foi preditor independente de ECAM nos grupos angioplastia e cirurgia. Quando comparados os grupos ATC e RM foi observada maior incidência de ECAM no grupo ATC com SYNTAX escore intermediárioAIMS: Evaluate the SYNTAX score (SS) in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) in coronary angioplasty (PCI) and surgery (CABG) groups in diabetic patients with symptomatic multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Comparing CABG and PCI according SS category. METHODS AND RESULTS: Single center study including 188 patients randomized to PCI (n=96) or CABG (n=92), followed for a median of 6.5 (0.1 to 8.6) years. There were no differences in MACCE in the CABG group regardless of the SS categories (13.5% low, 15.6% intermediate, 34.8% higher, p=0.10), while in the PCI group significant differences in MACCE were detected (17.6% low, 52.5% intermediate and 40.9% higher, p=0.02). In the PCI and CABG groups SS did not predict MACCE in the Cox regression analysis (p > 0,05). Comparing PCI and CABG according SS category there was a higher incidence of MACCE in patients with intermediate SS in the PCI group (52.5% in PCI group vs 15.6% in CABG group, p=0.002) and no difference were observed in patients with low (17.6% in PCI vs 13.5% in CABG, p=0.59) and high SS ( 40.9% in PCI vs 34.8% in CABG, p=0.68). CONCLUSIONS: In diabetic patients with multivessel CAD the SS was not an independent risk factor for MACCE in the PCI and CABG groups. Diabetic patients with intermediate SS showed higher MACCE in the PCI group versus CAB

Implante de marcapasso definitivo em gestante portadora de valvopatia mitral reumática

Descrevemos um caso raro de implante de marcapasso definitivo em gestante, portadora de valvopatia mitral reumática, previamente submetida à valvoplastia percutânea por cateter-balão. A paciente apresentava bloqueio atrioventricular de grau avançado, de causa não-reversível, sintomático e manifesto no 3º trimestre da gestação

Evaluation of physical educators' knowledge about epilepsy Avaliação do conhecimento de professores de educação física sobre epilepsia

People with epilepsy suffer from a considerable lack of physical activity. In addition, an important problem of epilepsy management is the lack of qualified professionals. In this study we present data from a survey which aimed to assess physical educators' general knowledge about epilepsy. One hundred and thirty four physical educators of both sexes answered a questionnaire. Sixty percent of the professionals believe that a seizure is an abnormal electrical discharge of the brain, 13% that epilepsy is a cerebral chronic disease that can not be cured or controlled, 84% that people having convulsions will not necessarily present epilepsy and 5% that people with epilepsy have difficulties of learning. Questions concerned previous professional experience with epilepsy showed that 61% have seen a seizure and 53% have access to some information about epilepsy. Thus, 28% of professionals have a friend or relative with epilepsy, 14% have a student with epilepsy, and 29% helped someone during seizures. Our findings reveal a lack of physical educators' appropriate knowledge about epilepsy. Improvement of this might contribute to the improvement of epilepsy care/management.<br>Pessoas com epilepsia apresentam baixa participação em atividades físicas. Um importante problema nos cuidados da epilepsia é a falta de profissionais qualificados. Neste estudo apresentamos dados de uma pesquisa para avaliar o conhecimento de professores de educação física sobre a epilepsia. Um questionário foi respondido por 134 educadores físicos de ambos os sexos. Sessenta por cento dos profissionais acreditam que a crise epilética é uma descarga elétrica anormal do cérebro, 13% que a epilepsia é uma doença crônica cerebral que não pode ser curada ou controlada, 84% que pessoas que têm convulsões não necessariamente apresentam epilepsia e 5% que pessoas com epilepsia têm dificuldade de aprendizado. Em relação à experiência prévia do profissional, 61% presenciaram uma crise epilética e 53% tiveram acesso a alguma informação sobre epilepsia. Além disso, 28% dos profissionais possuíam amigo ou parente com epilepsia, 14% tinham um aluno com epilepsia e 29% já tinham socorrido alguém durante uma crise. Nossos achados revelam uma falta de conhecimento apropriado dos profissionais da área de educação física sobre a epilepsia. A melhora desse conhecimento pode contribuir para um adequado tratamento e cuidado da pessoa com epilepsia

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research