The higher exercise intensity and the presence of allele I of ACE gene elicit a higher post-exercise blood pressure reduction and nitric oxide release in elderly women: an experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The absence of the I allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with higher levels of circulating ACE, lower nitric oxide (NO) release and hypertension. The purposes of this study were to analyze the post-exercise salivary nitrite (NO₂^-) and blood pressure (BP) responses to different exercise intensities in elderly women divided according to their ACE genotype.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participants (n = 30; II/ID = 20 and DD = 10) underwent three experimental sessions: incremental test - IT (15 watts workload increase/3 min) until exhaustion; 20 min exercise 90% anaerobic threshold (90% AT); and 20 min control session without exercise. Volunteers had their BP and NO₂^-measured before and after experimental sessions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Despite both intensities showed protective effect on preventing the increase of BP during post-exercise recovery compared to control, post-exercise hypotension and increased NO₂^-release was observed only for carriers of the I allele (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Genotypes of the ACE gene may exert a role in post-exercise NO release and BP response.</p

Comparative effect of ion calcium and magnesium in the activation and infection of the murine macrophage by Leishmania major

Amastigotes of Leishmania major have a great ability to evade destruction in host cells. This study investigated the activation in resident, inflammatory macrophages and J774 cells in vitro treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), calcium ionophore (CaI) and magnesium (Mg2+) alone or combined. An increase in nitric oxide (NO) production was observed in J774 or inflammatory macrophages treated with LPS alone or in combination with SLA and CaI. The same treatments did not affect the NO release by resident macrophages. There was no interference in uptake of L. major but CaI decreased intracellular proliferation of the parasite. This study demonstrated the importance of CaI in decreasing L. major proliferation inside murine macrophages while Mg2+ seemed to increase parasite proliferation. These finding may help to understand the events involved in host cells' clearance of this pathoge

Análise de limiar anaeróbica no exercício resistido com cargas crescentes em atleta portador de poliomielite, suplementado com creatina e maltodextrina

Avaliar a cinética da lactatemia no exercício supino reto em portadores de poliomielite suplementados com creatina. Oito voluntários do gênero masculino com 37±7 anos e 67±6,8 Kg aparentemente saudáveis passaram por duas fases de testes: a) medição da carga máxima (CM); e teste de cargas crescentes no supino reto iniciando a 10% da CM com incremento de 10% a cada estágio b) repetição dos procedimentos da primeira fase após a suplementação. O tempo para cada estágio foi de 45 segundos, com 2 minutos de descanso. No período de descanso coletou-se o sangue. Os voluntários foram divididos em grupos (n=4), grupo suplementados com creatina + maltodextrina (GMC) e grupo suplementado com maltodextrina (GM). A dosagem de creatina foi 0,3 g/kg-1 de peso corporal. O limiar de lactato se manteve em 30% da CM depois da suplementação. Não houve diferença entre as concentrações de lactato no teste antes e após a suplementação no grupo GM (p=0.031 e r=0.99), e no grupo GMC (p=0.0045 e r=0.99). O limiar de lactato dos dois grupos após a suplementação não foram diferentes entre eles (p=0.031 e r=0.99). Entretanto observou-se que a suplementação para o grupo GMC aumentou 8,70% da CM (p< 0,05) e um estagio a mais. A cinética do lactato foi semelhante entre os dois grupos. Os resultados demonstram aumento de ganho de força e resistência, mas sem alteração no limiar de lactato pela suplementação de creatina e maltodextrina. (*) O presente trabalho atende às �Normas de Realização de Pesquisa em Seres Humanos�, Resolução n.º 196/196 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. de 10/10/96 (BRASIL, 1996), tendo sido submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, parecer n.º 009/2003

A Lower Serum Antioxidant Capacity as a Distinctive Feature for Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study

The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer (BC) can contribute to redox imbalance, which is related to damage and structural modification in many biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of redox status markers such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and protein carbonyl among women with HER2+ BC, HER2&minus; BC, and benign breast disease (BBD). The study was conducted with 25 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BC (6 HER2+ and 11 HER2&minus;) and 8 with BBD. Our results indicate HER2+ BC cases could be distinguished from HER2&minus; BC and BBD cases by their serum&rsquo;s antioxidant capacity [HER2+ BC vs. HER2&minus; BC (AUC = 0.818; specificity = 81.82%; sensitivity = 66.67%); HER2+ BC vs. BBD (AUC = 0.875; specificity = 75%; sensitivity = 83.33%)]. The changes in biochemical terms that occur in serum as a result of the scarcity of antioxidants are related to a peculiar fingerprint in the infrared spectrum obtained by ATR-FTIR. In the serum of women with BBD, the SOD enzyme level is the highest, and this characteristic allowed us to distinguish them from HER2&minus; BC. Finally, data regarding the serological antioxidant capacity of FRAP and the infrared spectrum by ATR-FTIR will allow us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs, indicating whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary

Overweight Women with Breast Cancer on Chemotherapy Have More Unfavorable Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Profiles

Chronic inflammation and redox imbalance are strongly influenced by diet and nutritional status, and both are risk factors for tumor development. This prospective study aimed to explore the associations between inflammatory and antioxidant markers and nutritional status in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The women were evaluated at three times: T0, after the infusion of the first cycle; T1, after infusion of the intermediate cycle; and T2, after the infusion of the last chemotherapy cycle. The consumption of antioxidant nutrients and the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity reduced between T0 and T2 and the Dietary Inflammatory Index scores increased throughout the chemotherapy. Blood samples taken at the end of the chemotherapy showed lower levels of glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione, with greater quantification of the transcripts for Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor &alpha;. It should be emphasized that the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity is lower and the Dietary Inflammatory Index is higher in the group of overweight patients at the end of the follow-up, besides showing lower levels of the redox status, especially the plasma levels of glutathione reductase (p = 0.039). In addition, trends towards higher transcriptional levels of cytokines in peripheral blood were observed more often in overweight women than in non-overweight women. In this study of 55 women with breast cancer, nine (16%) with metastases, diet became more pro-inflammatory with fewer antioxidants during the chemotherapy. Briefly, we have shown that chemotherapy is critical for high-risk overweight women due to their reduced intake of antioxidant nutrients, generating greater inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting the adoption of healthier dietary practices by women with breast cancer throughout their chemotherapy