Depression and Demographical Features in Diabetic Patients

Depression is one of the psychiatric prevalent illnesses across the world. Depression is an illness which has a direct relationship with diabetes. The purpose of determining the level of depression among the diabetic persons referring to Rasht diabetes center. This research is a correlation - descriptive study which was conducted using the simple random sampling method within 3 months on 144 subjects of the social workers afflicted with diabetes referring to Rasht diabetes center in 2008. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first and second parts of the questionnaire consisted of demographic data and Back depression standard, respectively. Finally, the data out of this research were analyzed by using the SPSS version 15 statistical software and T-test statistical tests. Results showed that out of 144 subjects, there were 79.86 % female and 20.14% male, 16 people (11.1%) forty years old and younger, 18 people (12.5%) older than 65 years, and 2.1% single and 6.9% divorced. In one hand, in terms of education level, 47.9% and 6.9% were illiterate and educated, respectively. On the other hand, in terms of the illness type, 25 people (17.4%) and 75 people (82.6%) were afflicted with diabetes types 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, statistical tests showed that 35.41% of tester were afflicted with acute depression of which 88.23%, 84.31%, and 84.33% were female, married, and afflicted with diabetes type 2, respectively. It was also shown that there is a significant relationship between depression and gender (p=0.004), marital status (p< 0.05), educations level (p<0.05), and jobs of the afflicted (p<0.05). The present study shows that there is a significant relationship between the depression in people afflicted with diabetes and their gender, marital status, educations level, and jobs and also 22.22%, 22.22%, 19.47% and 35.41% of the people were afflicted with weak, low, average, and acute depression. Sheikholeslami F, Norozi Nia R, Mirpoor ZS, Tavakoly Vardanjani A, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Depression and Demographical Features in Diabetic Patient. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5542-5547] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study

Nurses have a key role in improving the client's health and their lifestyle is effective in representing services to the patients and client. This study aims to investigate the nursing students' perception about the effective factors on their healthy lifestyle. This study was done qualitatively with the content analysis approach and through 20 semi-structured and deep interviews with undergraduate nursing students of Tehran city. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Also, codes were extracted. Based on centrality, codes were put in a sub-category and then by reviewing sub-categories again, they were put in categories and finally, a theme was determined. During the process of content analysis, theme on the effective factors on nursing students' healthy life style was revealed. The theme included 9 categories: ``the perception of effective factors on health promotion'', ``having enough time'', ``inner factors'', ``work-related factors or activity'', ``environmental factors'', ``knowledge and awareness'', ``individual factors'', ``social factors'', and ``perceived priorities''. The participants believed that various and widespread factors affected their health promotion level. The extension of these factors demands the complete attention to different health dimensions and how to improve it by person, family, and community. Hosseini M, Ashktorab T, Taghdisi MH, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5558-5567] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

Change Management Challenges in Nursing and Midwifery Schools: A qualitative study of managerial experiences

The purpose of this study was to explain the situation and perspectives of managers regarding change in nursing and midwifery faculties. This study was conducted according to a qualitative approach; in fact, a descriptive exploratory approach was applied with triangulation. Snow ball sampling was used in this study. The subjects were faculty members of the nursing schools in Tehran, and the inclusion criteria included at least 1year of experience as a faculty member. In the qualitative phase, no variables were measured. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews in which a guide and field notes were used. Data were considered to be saturated after observing the repetition of codes. Qualitative conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was achieved by prolonged field experience, member check, peer check and sharing the content with two experts in qualitative research. Ten participants (7 females and 3 males) between the ages of 38 and 54 were interviewed. Two of them had Master's degrees, and eight had PhD degrees in nursing; only three of them were in high-level management of their faculties. After the interviews, conceptual codes were extracted, and a few uggested themes were classified, including challenges in change management, such as field of concentration in management, managers' characteristics and attitudes toward change. Accordingly, the concept of change management was postulated as the purpose of this study; furthermore, its influencing factors were identified. The implication of the study is that it may be used in nursing and midwifery faculties as a model for organizational culture. Imposing change in an educational organization without having a proper model of change management will facilitate the achievement of the desired change outcome. Khachian A, Manoochehri H, Pazargadi M, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Change Management Challenges in Nursing and Midwifery Schools: A qualitative study of managerial experiences. Life Sci J 2012;9(3);2265-2269] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

Hope and religious beliefs in Iranian cancer patients

Despite considerable advances in medical science, cancer remains to be as one of the most important diseases. Psychological problems of cancer patients affect on the quality of life, suicide rate, long confinement and even their life lengths. As well as the goal of this study was assess the relation between hope and religious beliefs in the cancer patients who refer to chemotherapy center. This study is a descriptive and analytic study in which 220 cancer patients who referred to the chemotherapy and radiotherapy center, through accessible random sampling method were tested. For gathering the data we use demographic particulars questionnaire, Allport religious beliefs questionnaire and the Hope Herth questionnaire. Findings showed that, 78 patients (35.5) of the total 220 studied patients were in an age group of 51-60 and 14 (6.4) were 41-50. As for the goal of the research, i.e., determining the relation of religious beliefs and patients' hope, the results of Man-Whitney U test indicated a significant relation, p<0.002. Considering the results of this study as well as other conducted studies, it seems that addressing the effective factors can result in improvement of the relevant nursing cares and will allow the families and nurses to concentrate on important and significant aspects such as religious beliefs. © 2012. Zhengzhou University, Marsland Press

Patients Perception and Satisfaction of the Ambulance Service (115) at Shahrekord, Iran

The services provided to the patients of pre-hospital emergency center and their satisfactions indicate the quality of pre-hospital emergency services. The goal of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of patients with Ambulance Service services (115) in Shahrekord in the first half of (2012). In this descriptive and analytic study, 450 patients transferred to the hospital by pre-hospital emergency center were chosen using simple random sampling method and data was collected by using satisfaction evaluation questionnaire. The information obtained under SPSS software version 16 was analyzed by statistical descriptive test, independent t test, variance analysis test and Pierson Correlation test. The findings showed that satisfaction level with pre-hospital emergency services in men, low-educated people, married people, those with the record of using emergency services and those with emergency problems was significantly higher than others. Satisfaction level in all fields was above 50% and was totally 71.12. The highest level of satisfaction was for the efficiency of emergency center (58, 78) and the lowest level of satisfaction in the questions was for the performance of technicians (58, 73). Patients' satisfaction with emergency services and their quality is considered as one of the main concepts in pre-hospital emergency procedures, in the manner that the results of this study showed that patients' satisfaction in different fields were high and satisfactory and the technicians should allocate much more time for interaction with patients in order to improve their satisfaction. sharifi M, Baraz S, Mohammadi F, ramezani R, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Patients Perception and Satisfaction of the Ambulance Service (115) at Shahrekord, Iran. Life Sci J 2012; 9(4):2196-2201] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

The effect of fasting on emotional intelligence in clergies in Shahrekord seminary

زمینه و هدف: اصطلاح هوش هیجانی به منظور بیان کیفیت و درک احساسات افراد، همدردی و توانایی اداره ی مطلوب خلق و خو بکار برده می شود. از آنجا که اثرات مفید روزه داری در ماه رمضان بر ابعاد روانی انسان هر روز بیش از پیش مشخص می شود، هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تأثیرات روزه داری بر میزان هوش هیجانی و مولفه های آن می باشد. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر در زمره تحقیقات کوهورت خود کنترلی از نوع آینده نگر است که در ماه رمضان 1389 با شرکت 32 نفر از طلاب مرد روزه دار حوزه علمیه شهرستان شهرکرد و به روش داوطلبانه در دسترس انجام گرفت. مقادیر هوش هیجانی با 15 خرده مقیاس توسط پرسشنامه بار-ان (Bar-On) در 3 مرحله (یک هفته قبل، پایان و یک ماه پس از ماه رمضان) اندازه گیری و با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس سنجش تکرار شده، تحلیل مقایسه های چندگانه انجام گردید. یافته ها: مطابق نتایج میانگین هوش هیجانی در 3 مرحله متفاوت (001/0>P) و بیشترین مقدار آن در مرحله دوم (پایان ماه رمضان) مشاهده گردید (51/8 ± 59/125) .به جز در مورد خرده مقیاس استقلال در سایر مولفه ها، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین 3 مرحله انجام آزمون وجود داشت (05/0>P) و مولفه های خودشناسی، کنترل تکانش، مسئولیت پذیری و همدلی در مرحله دوم افزایش یافتند. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه روزه داری می‌تواند یکی از عوامل تأثیر گذار در میزان هوش هیجانی در روزه داران باشد ولی با این حال نتیجه گیری دقیق در باره ی رابطه بین روزه داری و هوش هیجانی و شناخت و آگاهی از فرآیندهای زیربنایی تأثیرگذار بر این رابطه مستلزم انجام تحقیقات بیشتر اس

The Effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude, and performance about junk food consumption among students of female primary schools

Background: Undoubtedly, proper nutrition has important role in safeguarding the individual from many diseases, especially chronic ones, and increasing ones physical and intellectual efficiency. Considering the importance of nutrition education to school-age kids, this research was done with the purpose of determining the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge, attitude, and performance of female students at primary school about junk food consumption. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental intervention study in Shahr-e-kord city about the reduction of junk foods consumption in 2011. Seventy-two primary girl students were randomly divided into 2 groups, experimental (36) and controls (36). Before of the educational program, self-administrative questionnaire and FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) questionnaire were filled out for both the groups. The self-administrative questionnaire was completed 3 times (before, immediately, and 2 months after education), and FFQ questionnaire was completed 2 times (before and 2 months after education) by students. After pre-test, 4 educational session classes in experimental group were performed. Finally, data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 computer software. Results: Demographic variables of the studied population in 2 groups were similar. Before intervention, there were no significant differences regarding the knowledge, attitude, and performance in 2 groups (P > 0/05). After intervention, there were significant differences in the levels of knowledge, attitude, and performance between experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, intervention has positive impact on pattern of nutrition, and it can be concluded that intervention is effective on increasing or improving the knowledge, attitude, and performance of the students

Employed nurse's awareness about nursing sighted tasks

Setting the nurse's sighted tasks and clarifying communicative lines and their purposes help effectively to establish appropriate working conditions. Approved nurse's sighted tasks are sensible and necessary for all nursing rankings and levels. Regarding this, a research for determining the nurses' awareness about nursing sighted tasks was conducted in internal and surgical wards in Tabriz selected hospitals. This survey was a descriptive study. 298 nurses were studied through a questionnaire that contained 40 questions in the form of self - reporting check list. 21 questions of 40 questions of the questionnaire were nursing sighted tasks; 19 ones were not. Reliability of the test was analyzed by SPSS14 statistical software during the study on 20 nurses. Inner correlation coefficient of questioner was 0.88. Most of the nurses were female (90.3%) and 69.5% married. 98.7% bachelor in nursing, and 90.9% of the nurses had BSc in nursing, 60.7% were under the professional responsibility insurance, and worked as nurses, respectively. The averages of nurses' ages and working background in nursing profession were 5.9 +/- 33.6 years and 73.13 +/- 108.3 months, respectively. Most of the nurses had average awareness about nursing sighted tasks, and Just 7.4% and 11.4% had low and good awareness. 67.4% and 29.9% of the subjects had known the presence of nursing duties composition very necessary and necessary. Overall, 97.3% of them have known the presence of duties composition very necessary and essential, and so these ones tended to be aware of their duties composition. Just 24.2% of the nurses had stated that there exists nursing duties composition. These cases can indicate the low level in-service education periods and also low nurses academic educations in this field. There are often ambiguous points in nursing activities which are arisen from working interferences with the other medicine professions in hospitals. Nurses are expected to do some procedure which is not their sighted tasks or they have not been trained enough about. Nurses ` activities in the affairs out of their sighted tasks and have done by system pressure have frequently led to complain of the nurses, and so this issue faces the nurses with so many difficulties. Esmaeili Vardanjani SA, Mohajjel Aghdam AR, Sohrabi M, Malekpoor P, Dadkhah D, Alinejad H. Employed nurse's awareness about sighted tasks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5501-5505] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

Epidemiologic of Winter Sports Injuries in the Tube Riding Track of Kohrang City, Shahrekord, Iran

Winter sports are fun and exciting and at the same time may be quite risky. Injuries and damages increase if environment, tools and equipments are not standard or athletes are not sufficiently skilled. Tube riding is one of winter sports. Because of a tube rider does not have any control over tube speed, route guidance and does not brake and stop, As a result of injuries in tube riding is very high. This study aims that the epidemiologic investigation of injuries caused by tube riding in the track of Kohrang city in 2009. In this retrospective census study data collected by using the mission records and available documents in the emergency station (115) of Kohrang city, in winter 2009. Total performed missions of the station from June 22, 2009 (no earlier statistics were available in that station) to March 20, 2010 included 216 missions, 183 missions were nonrelated to the tube riding track and 33 cases included those who had been injured in the tube riding track. The injuries caused by tube riding had occurred on Thursdays and Fridays of November, December and January months (on non-vacations days the track is closed). The injuries had all been injured at the tube riding track and the skiing track had no injured person during that year. Of the total 33 people who had been injured at the tube riding track, 15 were women and 18 were men within the age range of 8 to 52 years old. 6 head traumas, one femoral fracture, one facial trauma and nose fracture, 1 chest and sternum trauma, 8 hand traumas, 5 multiple traumas, and 3 lower organs traumas had been recorded. Considering the large number of injured people and the fact that 15% of the missions of that station had been performed only within 24 days of the year (Thursdays and Fridays of November, December and January months), it seems necessary to make managements to reduce the injuries caused by tube riding. Moreover, it is recommended that the information of injured people and those who refer to the clinic is recorded completely and exactly. Ghani Dehkordi F, kooshesh F, Alinajad H, Malekpour P, Abedi HA, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. Epidemiologic of Winter Sports Injuries in the Tube Riding Track of Kohrang City, Shahrekord, Iran.. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2202-2205] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

Data on heavy metal levels (Cd, Co, and Cu) in wheat grains cultured in Dashtestan County, Iran.

Due to importance of wheat as the most popular food, in this data article, we determined the accumulation of heavy metal levels including Cd, Co, and Cu in wheat grains in Dashtestan county, Iran. The concentration levels of heavy metals in wheat grains cultured were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS)