Gingival Melanin Depigmentation Using a Diode 808-nm Laser: A Case Series

Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation is caused by an increase in melanin production or the number of melanocytes in the epithelium, which can impair smile esthetics. The current study aimed to report the experience of using diode laser for gingival depigmentation of three different patients. Case Presentation: Three adult patients are presented with hyperpigmentation in labial gingivae of both jaws. The depigmentation was done using a diode laser at a wavelength of 808 nm, spot diameter of 300 μm, power of 1.8 W, and in continuous mode. All three patients showed proper resolution of hyperpigmented areas in short- and long-term follow-up sessions. However, the recurrence rate was more rapid in heavy smoker patient. Conclusion: As an alternative to other treatment modalities, the 808 nm diode laser can be utilized safely and efficiently in gingival depigmentation, resulting in an acceptable cosmetic outcome

Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Disinfection: A Case Series and Mini-Review: Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Disinfection

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a widely used treatment modality in many fields of dentistry, including endodontics. The most common application of PDT in endodontics is to disinfect root canals. The purpose of this study was to present the experience of using PDT in root canal disinfection of three patients.Case Presentation: Three patients were referred to the Endodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and were treated using 0.1 mg/mL Toluidine Blue (FotoSan® agent; CMS Dental, Denmark) irradiated with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (FotoSan®; CMS Dental, Denmark) with a mean wavelength of 630 nm and a mean power density of 3 W/cm2 over two 30-second periods.Conclusion: PDT using LED lighting can be used in conjunction with conventional root canal treatment (RCT) to achieve great results. Doi:10.34172/jlms.2022.1

Inter and Intra-rater Reliability of Lateral Cephalometric Analysis Using 2D Dolphin Imaging Software: Reliability of Lateral Cephalometric Analysis Using 2D Dolphin Software

Objectives Cephalometric radiographs are widely used in diagnosis and treatment planning. In the past, these radiographs used to be analyzed manually, but nowadays due to the possibility of errors and time-consuming nature of manual tracing, digital methods are replacing the manual methods. The reliability of computer-assisted analysis is of great importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter and intra-rater reliability of 2D Dolphin imaging software version 10.0.00.53. Methods To assess the intra-rater reliability of lateral cephalometric analysis, 25 lateral cephalograms traced by one operator using Dolphin imaging software were traced again by the same examiner 2 weeks later. To assess the inter-rater reliability, 25 lateral cephalograms were traced independently by two examiners. Overall, 80 measurements including 43 linear, 34 angular, and 3 ratio measurements were made. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. ICCs above 0.75 were considered good. Results The ICC for intra-rater reliability was above 0.75 for all parameters except lower vertical height depth ratio (ICC=0.51), inter-labial gap (ICC=0.54), superior sulcus depth (ICC=0.67), articular angle (ICC=0.733), and ramus height (ICC=0.728). The ICC for inter-rater reliability was above 0.75 for all parameters except nose prominence (ICC=0.73). Conclusion Dolphin imaging software showed good intra-rater reliability for most parameters and good inter-rater reliability for almost all parameters