LOS CONTENIDOS FARMACOLÓGICOS EN LA CARRERA DE ESTOMATOLOGÍA: UN PROBLEMA SOCIAL DE LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA: LOS CONTENIDOS FARMACOLÓGICOS, LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA

Scientific-technological advances are common in the contemporary society.  Their application is rapidly increasing in all spheres of social life.  The health sector is not an exception. The prevention of new sicknesses related to buccal- facial complex and the adequate pharmacological management of patients need the knowledge of pharmacological contents and the application of the sciences and the technologies. The present article argues from the relationship science-technology-society, on the necessity of pharmacological treatment in dentistry for students to give an integral stomatology attention.Los avances científico-técnicos han cobrado auge en la sociedad contemporánea Su aplicación aumenta progresivamente en todas las esferas de la vida social. El sector de la salud no está exento de este desarrollo. La aparición y prevención de nuevas enfermedades relacionadas con el complejo buco-facial, así como el manejo farmacológico adecuado de los pacientes,  precisan del conocimiento de los contenidos farmacológicos y de la aplicación de la ciencia y la técnica para resolverlos. En el presente artículo se argumenta desde la relación ciencia-tecnología-sociedad, la necesidad del tratamiento al contenido farmacológico en los estudiantes de la carrera Estomatología para lograr una atención estomatológica integra

Calculation of the molecular properties of five cephalosporins: cephradine, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefprozil and ceftobiprole

<strong>Background:</strong> The side chains attached to the 7-amino cephalosporanic acid, the structural basis of cephalosporin, condition its molecular properties and cause differences in its pharmacological action. Molecular modeling contributes to further knowledge about this relationship. <br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To calculate structural and electronic properties of five cephalosporins: cephradine, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefprozil and ceftobiprole. <strong><br />Methods:</strong> A theoretical study using quantum mechanics methods to model the structure and electronic properties of the cephalosporins listed above was conducted. Molecular geometries were optimized with semi-empirical calculations, according to the parameterized number three model. The molecular properties were calculated following the density functional theory. The densities of atomic charges and the frontier orbitals were analyzed. Comparisons were established to measure the effect of substituents on the properties of the beta-lactam ring. All calculations were run on personal computers belonging to the Medical Sciences University of Las Tunas, from November 2009 to March 2010. <strong><br />Results:</strong> The structural parameters of the beta-lactam ring do not change as a result of changes in the side chains. The ring has a marked tendency to planarity. The ceftobiprole is different from the rest of the cephalosporins in the spatial disposition of the side chain, which facilitates access to the carbonyl carbon. There are no significant variations in the charge densities, especially in the positive charge of this carbon. <strong><br />Conclusions: </strong>The structure and electronic properties of the beta-lactam ring have no significant changes among modeled cephalosporins. The three dimensional structure of ceftobiprole favors a higher reactivity

Molecular modelling of four penicillins: bencylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin

Background:Penicillins differ structurally among themselves by the lateral chains. At the same time, they have differences in their pharmacological action that can be associated to modifications included in the betalactamic ring and/or effects localized in the same chains. Making it clear would be a contribution to the search of the most adequate structural and electronic characteristics to design better penicillins. Objective:To compare structural properties, density of the atomic charges and the frontier orbitals of four penicillins: bencylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Method:The molecular structures were optimized with PM3 semiempirical calculi. The molecular properties were calculated according to the Density Functional Theory, at a B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The density of the atomic charges and the frontier orbitals were analyzed. The effect of the substituents on the properties of the betalactamic ring was evaluated. Results: The structural parameters of the betalactamic ring do not change as consequence of the modifications in the lateral chain linked to carbon 6. The ring has a marked tendency to planarity. There are no variations in the density of the positive charge of the carbonylic carbon. Conclusions: The structures and electronic properties of the betalactamic ring, structural basis of these antibiotics, do not have significant modifications among modelled penicillins.</p

Characterization of the English teachers of the medical university of Las Tunas to teach medical English

Background: English for specific purposes is aimed at preparing the students in the professional field where they carry out their functions. To achieve this goal, the teacher of English must have a thorough knowledge of the subject matter. Objective: to characterize the substantive training of the teachers of English to teach English for medical purposes, at “Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta” Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas, in the academic year 2016-2017.Methods: a descriptive and prospective quanti-qualitative study was carried out. The population was made of the 26 permanent teachers of the English Department staff of the aforementioned institution and during the period herein declared. The data were processed by using descriptive statistics.Results: of all the teachers of the department staff, 7 belonged to the 25 to 34 age group (26,92 %), 6 graduated from higher education as teachers of English in the last 10 years (23,07 %) and 8 began to work at the medical university in the last 5 years (30,76 %), what characterized a part of the staff as fledgling. Only 13 teachers had taught English for medical purposes (50 %). Knowledge acquisition was mostly assessed as self-managed by 23 teachers (88,46 %). The study revealed a lack of planning of systematic activities of postgraduate training, reported by 22 teachers (84,61 %). 11 teachers considered, through self-perception, not to have the basic medical competence to carry out this function (42,30 %). Conclusions: the characterization of the English teachers was carried out, revealing that a significant number of them have not acquired the necessary knowledge to teach English for medical purposes.</p

The use of ketamine-propofol in therapeutic diagnostic ambulatory colonoscopy

Background: there is no consensus among specialists as to determine the best type of sedation/analgesia for endoscopic gastrointestinal procedures.Objective: to describe the use of the combination of ketamine and propofol as inducing agents in patients who underwent therapeutic diagnostic ambulatory colonoscopy at the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, between September 2016 and March 2017.Methods: a longitudinal, prospective study was carried out at the aforementioned hospital and during the period herein declared. The sample consisted of 123 patients of the 18 to 70 age group, with ASA 1 and 2 physical statuses, who underwent colonoscopy using ketofol (ketamine 0,4 mg / kg and propofol 1 mg / Kg).Results: there was prevalence of female patients in 58,53 % and of the 50 to 60 age group (35,2 %). The ASA 2 physical status was the most frequent one (55,4 %). In all patients heart rate values were within normal limits. A slight increase was observed in stage II with respect to stage I, as well as a decrease in stages III and IV, and an increase in stage V. Variation in the mean arterial pressure kept stable in stages I and II, with lower values in stages III, IV and V, without decreasing to pathological figures. At none of the studied moments oxygen desaturation occurred. Rapid anesthetic recovery predominated (79,67 %). 78,86 % of the patients did not report pain. Only sleepiness and nausea were identified as complications.Conclusions: most of the patients to whom ketamine and propofol were applied as induction agents showed hemodynamic stability in terms of blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Only sleepiness and nausea were identified as complications.</p

Estado antioxidante e indicadores de daño oxidativo de una población de ancianos de Las Tunas Antioxidant state and indicators of oxidative damage in an elderly population in Las Tunas province

Se estudiaron 24 hombres y 28 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 91 años, con el objetivo de evaluar el estado antioxidante y los indicadores de daño oxidativo de una población de ancianos de Las Tunas. En el suero sanguíneo se determinó la concentración de los antioxidantes no enzimáticos: vitamina A, b caroteno, vitamina E y vitamina C, así como del zinc, la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutasa y catalasa y la concentración de los indicadores de daño oxidativo, malondialdehído y proteínas oxidadas. Con excepción de la vitamina C y del zinc para la población total y las mujeres, los demás indicadores antioxidantes se encuentran en el rango reportado como normal. El estado de la vitamina C y del zinc es deficiente en un elevado porcentaje de los individuos; en tanto que la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes resulta ser superior en relación con adultos mayores, sin embargo la concentración de los indicadores de daño oxidativo se encuentra dentro de los límites normales, lo que pudiera ser indicativo de un estrés oxidativo compensadoTwenty four men and twenty eight females aged 60 to 91 years were studied to evaluate the antioxidant status and the oxidative damage indicators of an elderly population in Las Tunas province. Concentration in blood serum of non enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin A, b carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and zinc; the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as concentration of indicators of oxidative damage, malondialdehyde and oxidized proteins were determined. Except for vitamin C and zinc for the whole population and the females respectively, the rest of antioxidant indicators are within the reported normal ranges. The states of Vitamin C and zinc are deficient in a high percentage of individuals whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes is higher in older adults. However, the concentration of oxidative damage indicators are within the normal limits, which may indicate compensated oxidative stres