Influence of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (sio2 nps) on the biology of model insect, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae)

Today, the widespread use of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) in many consumer products (toothpaste and skin care product etc.) increases the possibility of living beings being exposed to these NPs in nature. As a result, it brings with it the risks of toxic effects that may occur in biological systems. Due to their low cost of production, lack of ethical issues, and ease of culture in lab settings, model insect species such as Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are used as an alternative experimental model to vertebrate experimental animals in many fields such as nanotoxicity, medicine, and pharmacy. In this study, 22 nm-sized hydrophilic amorphous SiO2 NPs concentrations (2, 10, 25, 40, and 60 µg/10 µl) were force-fed to the sixth instar of G. mellonella larvae. Control group (0) lar vae were force-fed with only ten μl of distilled water. The effects of SiO2 NPs on the pupal and adult developmental times, pupal and adult weights, adult longevity, and lifespan (pupal developmental time + adult developmental time + adult longevity) of G. mellonella were determined. Results showed that treating G. mellonella with 2 and 25 μg/10 µl SiO2 NPs significantly decreased the means of the adult developmental time. Also, the life span of G. mellonella significantly shortened in larvae exposed to the same concentrations of SiO2 NPs (2 and 25 μg/10 µl) compared to the control. Finally, statistically, no significant change was observed in the other biological parameters of the larvae (pupal developmental time, pupal and adult weights, and adult longevity) that were exposed to SiO2 NPs when compared to the control group

Determınatıon of the lethal concentratıons of sternbergıa lutea (L.) (Allıaceae, Amaryllıdoıdeae) methanol extract on gallerıa mellonella larvae (L.) (Lepıdoptera: Pyralıdae)

Sternbergia Waldst & Kit. is a genus of bulbous monocotyledons belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae. Sternbergia species with alkaloid content; properties such as antiviral, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor activity are reported in scientific studies. Within these species, Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl.exSpreng due to the alkaloids it contains, has various pharmacological effects. Also, its toxic and anthelmintic activities have been determined in previous studies. To compare the relative toxicity of various compounds and to direct the creation of exposure limits and regulatory standards, lethal concentration values are utilized. The Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a devastating pest of honeycomb in hives and causes significant losses in apiculture. It is also a model insect commonly used for toxicological investigations. In this study, it was aimed to determine the lethal concentration values of S. lutea methanol extract obtained from the underground part of the plant on G. mellonella. Lethal concentrations of S. lutea methanol extract for G. mellonella were determined by the probit analysis and it was determined as follows: LC30=290.54, LC50=464.77, LC70=639, and LC90= 890.56 μg/10µl. Our results indicated that S. luteamethanol extract has a toxic potential for insects

The effects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on some biological aspects of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae)

In this study, 18-38 nm-sized and spherical-shaped nanopowder Fe3O4 NPs concentrations (0.4, 2, 10, 50, 250 µg/10 µl) was force-fed to sixth instar (180 ± 20 mg) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae under laboratory conditions. The effects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on the pupal and adult developmental times, pupal and adult weights and adult longevity of G. mellonella were recorded. Results showed that treating G. mellonella with 250 μg/10 µl Fe3O4 NPs significantly increased pupal weights. Additionally, while adult developmental time increased post 250 μg/10 µl Fe3O4 NPs treatment, it was observed that pupal developmental time, pupal and adult weights, and adult longevity were not statistically significantly different when compared to the control.This study was supported by Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Scientific Research Projects Unit with the project number ABAP21F9

Effects of some igrs on greenhouse whitefiles (trialeurodes vaporariorum westfood (hom.: aleyrodidae)

220C±2 sıcaklık, % 49±5 oransal nem ve 14:10 (A: K) aydınlanma kosullarına sahip laboratuvarda böcek gelisim düzenleyicileri, Lufenuron (Lufenox, Sygenta, 100cc/100 l); Diflubenzuron (Dimilin, Cansa, 20gr/100 l); Pyriproxyfen (Admiral, Sumitomo, 50cc/100l) ve Neem Azal T/S (Trifolio-M, 4 l/100 l, Lahnau/ Germany)’ ın, sera beyazsinegi, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae)’ a karsı bulasık domates, Lycopersicum esculentum var. M–16 ve L. esculentum var. Jadelo, bitkileri üzerinde etkileri denenmistir. Her iki ilaçlama sonucunda denemeye alınan ilaçların laboratuvar kosullarında sera beyazsinegi larvaları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadıkları anlasılmıstır. Sadece 2. uygulama denemesinde söz konusu zararlıya ruhsatlı olan Admiral isimli IGR’ ın düsük bir etkisi saptanabilmistir. Dolayısıyla sera beyazsinegi gibi zararlılara karsı böcek gelisim düzenleyicileri kullanılacagı zaman, baskı altına alınabilme süreçlerini daha kısa ve ekonomik hale getirebilmek amacıyla baslangıçta etki süresi kısa, seçici bir sentetik insektisitin en düsük dozunda uygulanması ve sonraki uygulamalarda böcek gelisim düzenleyicilerin programa alınması son derece yararlı olacaktır.Insect growth regulators, Lufenuron (Lufenox, Sygenta, 100cc/100 l); Diflubenozuron (Dimilin, Cansa, 20gr/100 l); Pyriproxyfen (Admiral, Sumitomo, 50cc/100l) and Neem Azal T/S (Trifolio-M, 4 l/100 l Lahnau/ Germany,), were tested for their effect against the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) on infested tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum var. M–16 and L. esculentum var. Jadelo plants in the laboratory under 22±2 0C, 49±5% relative humidity, and 14 hours day-length conditions. As a result of the study, all IGRs have not caused significant effect on Trialeurodes vaporariorum in the labrotuary conditions. Only in second application it was found that the Admiral which is registered on whitefly has low effect on Trialeurodes vaporariorum. In conclusion, when IGRs are used; to make the pressure period shorter and cheaper, applying a low-dosage synthetic insecticide having a short effect at the begining and including IGRs in following applications will be more useful

Optimization of the ultrasonic processing in a melt flow

Ultrasonic cavitation treatment of melt significantly improves the downstream properties and quality of conventional and advanced metallic materials. However, the transfer of this technology to treating large melt volumes has been hindered by a lack of fundamental knowledge, allowing for the ultrasonic processing in the melt flow. In this study, we present the results of experimental validation of an advanced numerical model applied to the acoustic cavitation treatment of liquid aluminum during continuous flow [1]. This was achieved by using a calibrated high-temperature cavitometer. The acoustic spectrum was analyzed at various points across the launder while acoustic pressures were calculated at the frequencies of interest.This work is performed within the Ultramelt Project supported by the EPSRC Grants EP/K005804/1 and EP/K00588X/1

Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Hemocyte Types of Galleria mellonella

In this study, 70 nm-sized and nanorod-shaped ZnO NPs concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/10 µl) was force-fed to fourth instar (110 ± 20 mg) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. The effects of ZnO NPs on plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte, prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and coagulocyte numbers in hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae was determined. Results showed that treating G. mellonella with 10 μg/10 µl ZnO NPs significantly decreased spherulocytes numbers, whereas numbers of plasmatocyte, granulocyte, prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and coagulocyte numbers did not differ significantly when compared to the control group after 24 h force feeding treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups in the prohemocyte numbers of larvae that exposed to 1 and 5 μg/10 µl ZnO NPs

Effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on total hemocyte count and hemocyte viability of Galleria mellonella

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are now commonly used in many felds (material packing, adhesive and sealant, textile, bactericide, catalysis, agriculture and food, lubricating oil additives, biomedical applications, rubber, etc.). The intensive use of nanoparticles in various felds today brings along the need for determining their possible toxic efects. In this context, the present study aims to identify the median lethal concentration (LC50) of spherical and 22 nm-sized hydro philic amorphous SiO2 NPs, to determine the efects of SiO2 NPs on total hemocyte count (THC), and hemocyte viability in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae as a model organism. For this purpose, SiO2 NPs were given to the larvae by the force-feeding method. After a 240-h treatment, LC50 was 411.93 μg/10 µl and LC90 was 829.10 μg/10 µl for the force-fed larvae according to the probit assay. To investigate the efects of diferent doses of SiO2 NPs (10-180 μg/10 µl), seventh instar larvae were fed by force-feeding method. The efect of SiO2 NPs on the THC and hemocyte viability in larvae was determined by counting under the optical microscopy for 48-h following the force-feeding treatment. The obtained data showed that the THC of larvae exposed to 60 and 100 μg/10 µl SiO2 NPs treatments resulted in a signifcant decrease in 48-h when compared with the control group. According to the results of hemocyte viability performed by trypan blue viability test, the percentages of the dead cells in the 100 (15.66%) and 180 μg/10 µl (17.94%) SiO2 NPs groups were higher than that in the control group (2.92%) at the end of 48-h. This increase in the percentage of dead cells was statistically signifcant when compared to the control group

Çinko oksit (zno) ve gümüş (ag) nanopartiküllerinin Galleria mellonella (l.) (lepıdoptera: pyralıdae) üzerindekiarı peteklerinin belirlenmesi

ÖZETBu çalışmada, çinko oksit (ZnO NP) ve gümüş nanopartikül (Ag NP)’ün bir deney model hayvanı olan büyük kovan güvesi Galleria mellonella üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı.ABSTRACTIn this study, effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NP) and silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) on greater wax moth Galleria mellonella which is a model organism were investigated

Çinko oksit (zno) ve gümüş (ag) nanopartiküllerinin Galleria mellonella (l.) (lepıdoptera: pyralıdae) üzerindekiarı peteklerinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada, çinko oksit (ZnO NP) ve gümüş nanopartikül (Ag NP)’ün bir deney model hayvanı olan büyük kovan güvesi Galleria mellonella üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. ABSTRACT In this study, effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NP) and silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) on greater wax moth Galleria mellonella which is a model organism were investigated

Effects of the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on Galleria mellonella hemocytes

In this study, 38 nm-sized and flake-like-shaped CuO NPs (10, 50, 100, 150 μg/10 µl/larva) were force-fed to fourth instar (100 ± 20 mg) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae under the laboratory conditions. The effects of CuO NPs on total hemocyte counts (THCs) and the frequency of viable, mitotic, apoptotic, necrotic, and micronucleated hemocyte indices were detected with the double-staining protocol by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. The total hemocyte counts (THCs) did not change significantly in G. mellonella larvae at all concentrations for 24 h and 72 h post-force-feeding treatment. The ratio of viable hemocytes decreased at 50, 100, 150 μg/10 µl concentrations in 24 h and 72 h when compared with untreated larvae. The increases in the percentage of mitotic and micronucleated hemocytes were statistically significant at 150 μg/10 µl in 24 h. The results showed that high concentrations (>10 μg/10 µl) of CuO NPs increased the percentage of apoptotic hemocytes in 24 h. 100 and 150 μg/10 µl of CuO NPs caused a significant increase in the percentage of necrotic hemocytes in 24 h. The decrease in the percentage of mitotic hemocytes at 10, 100 and 150 μg/10 µl in 72 h was statistically significant. Apoptotic hemocytes increased and were found to be higher at 100 and 150 μg/10 µl of CuO NPs in 72 h in comparison with the untreated larvae. Finally, we observed an increase in the percentage of necrotic hemocytes at 150 μg/10 µl in 72 h