Binomial Ideals and Congruences on Nn

Producción CientíficaA congruence on Nn is an equivalence relation on Nn that is compatible with the additive structure. If k is a field, and I is a binomial ideal in k[X1,…,Xn] (that is, an ideal generated by polynomials with at most two terms), then I induces a congruence on Nn by declaring u and v to be equivalent if there is a linear combination with nonzero coefficients of Xu and Xv that belongs to I. While every congruence on Nn arises this way, this is not a one-to-one correspondence, as many binomial ideals may induce the same congruence. Nevertheless, the link between a binomial ideal and its corresponding congruence is strong, and one may think of congruences as the underlying combinatorial structures of binomial ideals. In the current literature, the theories of binomial ideals and congruences on Nn are developed separately. The aim of this survey paper is to provide a detailed parallel exposition, that provides algebraic intuition for the combinatorial analysis of congruences. For the elaboration of this survey paper, we followed mainly (Kahle and Miller Algebra Number Theory 8(6):1297–1364, 2014) with an eye on Eisenbud and Sturmfels (Duke Math J 84(1):1–45, 1996) and Ojeda and Piedra Sánchez (J Symbolic Comput 30(4):383–400, 2000).National Science Foundation (grant DMS-1500832)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project MTM2015-65764-C3-1)Junta de Extremadura (grupo de investigación FQM-024

Comparison of pQCT parameters between ulna and radius in retired elite gymnasts : the skeletal benefits associated with long-term gymnastics are bone- and site-specific

Objectives: To compare the skeletal benefits associated with gymnastics between ulna and radius. Methods: 19 retired artistic gymnasts, aged 18-36 years, were compared to 24 sedentary women. Bone mineral content (BMC), total and cortical bone area (ToA, CoA), trabecular and cortical volumetric density (TrD, CoD) and cortical thickness (CoTh) were measured by pQCT at the 4% and 66% forearm. Results: At the 4% site, BMC and ToA were more than twice greater at the radius than ulna whereas at the 66% site, BMC, ToA, CoA, CoTh and SSIpol were 20 to 51% greater at the ulna than radius in both groups (p&lt;0.0001). At the 4% site, the skeletal benefits in BMC of the retired gymnasts over the non-gymnasts were 1.9 times greater at the radius than ulna (p&lt;0.001), with enlarged bone size at the distal radius only. In contrast, the skeletal benefits at the 66% site were twice greater at the ulna than radius for BMC and CoA (p&lt;0.01).Conclusion: Whereas the skeletal benefits associated with long-term gymnastics were greater at the radius than ulna in the distal forearm, the reverse was found in the proximal forearm, suggesting both bones should be analysed when investigating forearm strength.<br /

The Size of the Narrow-Line Emitting Region in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548 from Emission-Line Variability

The narrow [O III] 4959, 5007 emission-line fluxes in the spectrum of the well-studied Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 are shown to vary with time. From this we show that the narrow line-emitting region has a radius of only 1-3 pc and is denser (n ~ 10^5 cm^{-3}) than previously supposed. The [O III] line width is consistent with virial motions at this radius given previous determinations of the black hole mass.Since the [O III] emission-line flux is usually assumed to be constant and is therefore used to calibrate spectroscopic monitoring data, the variability has ramifications for the long-term secular variations of continuum and emission-line fluxes, though it has no effect on shorter-term reverberation studies. We present corrected optical continuum and broad Hbeta emission-line light curves for the period 1988 to 2008.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap

Determination of natural radioactivity levels in soil and travertine of the region of Tokat and Sivas, Turkey

WOS: 000429070100015In this study, the environmental radioactivity measurements for Tokat and Sivas provinces in the northeast of Turkey were performed. Using gamma ray spectrometry, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil and travertine samples (Th-232, Ra-226, and K-40) were determined. The annual effective dose equivalent, the absorbed doses rate in air, the radium equivalent, and the external hazard index were obtained from these activities. The activity concentrations vary from 9.09 to 17.04 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, from 36.53 to 76.95 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, and from 216.56 to 576.59 Bq kg(-1) for K-40 in soil samples. The activity concentrations in travertines vary from 15.99 to 21.01 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, from 19.89 to 67.71 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, and from 179.89 to 314.43 Bq kg(-1) for K-40. The average dose rate in air for soil and travertine samples was 43.41 and 41.05 nGy h(-1) respectively. The obtained results are presented and compared with other studies, and the results of this study are lower than the international recommended value (55 nGy h(-1)) given by UNSCEAR (2000). The results show that the region has a background radiation level within the natural limits.Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Department (BAP)Gaziosmanpasa University [24/2013]This work is supported by Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Department (BAP) under project no. 24/2013

A panel of oxidative stress assays does not provide supplementary diagnostic information in Behcet's disease patients

Published onlineJournal ArticleBACKGROUND: Recent findings suggest a role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD), but the utility of oxidative stress-associated assays in offering diagnostic information or in the monitoring of disease activity is largely unassessed. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We aimed to measure oxidative and inflammatory markers, along with the markers of reactive nitrogen species, S-nitrosothiols and 3-nitrotyrosine, in BD patients (n = 100) and healthy volunteers (n = 50). These markers were evaluated in regard to their role in the pathogenesis of BD as well as their relation to clinical presentation, disease activity and duration. RESULTS: Median values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and IL-18 levels, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, were statistically higher in the patient group compared to controls. Some inflammation markers (ESR, neutrophil and leukocyte counts) were statistically higher (p 0.05 in all statistical comparisons), nor was there any difference in median levels of these oxidative stress markers in active disease versus disease remission. S-nitrosothiols and 3-nitrotyrosine were undetectable in BD plasma. CONCLUSIONS: The application of oxidative stress-associated measures to BD blood samples offered no supplemental diagnostic or disease activity information to that provided by standard laboratory measures of inflammation. S-nitrosothiols and 3-nitrotyrosine appeared not to be markers for active BD; thus the search for biochemical markers that will indicate the active period should be continued with larger studies

Solution of the Bosonic and Algebraic Hamiltonians by using AIM

We apply the notion of asymptotic iteration method (AIM) to determine eigenvalues of the bosonic Hamiltonians that include a wide class of quantum optical models. We consider solutions of the Hamiltonians, which are even polynomials of the fourth order with the respect to Boson operators. We also demonstrate applicability of the method for obtaining eigenvalues of the simple Lie algebraic structures. Eigenvalues of the multi-boson Hamiltonians have been obtained by transforming in the form of the single boson Hamiltonian in the framework of AIM

Determination of Growth Curve with Different Model in the Karacabey Merinos x Kıvırcık Crossbred Lambs Raised in Tekirdağ Provinces

Bu çalışma ile Karacabey Merinosu x Kıvırcık melezi kuzuların doğum - 101 günlük yaşlar arası dönemde göstermiş oldukları canlı ağırlıklar kullanılarak büyümenin zamana göre değişimini ifade eden çeşitli büyüme eğrilerine ilişkin parametrelerin tahmini ve büyüme modellerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Gompertz, Logistik ve doğrusal model kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan modeller içinden hangisinin daha uygun olup olmadığı konusunda belirleme katsayıları (R2 ) ile her modele ilişkin canlı ağırlık ortalamalarının gözlenen ve tahminlenen değerleri arasındaki sapmalarının kareleri toplamından (SKT) yararlanılmıştır. Analizler cinsiyet faktörünün etkisi dikkate alınarak erkek, dişi ve genel olmak üzere üç grup halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda sapma kareler toplamı dişi kuzularda Gompertz modelde 3.14, Logistik modelde 4.47 ve doğrusal modelde ise 4.73, erkek kuzular için ise sapma kareler toplamı Gompertz modelde 7.06 Logistik modelde 15.83 ve doğrusal modelde ise 15.85 olarak bulunmuştur.This study is aimed for estimation of variation of growth by time as the form of several growth curves of the data of Karacabey Merinos x Kıvırcık crossbred lambs raised in Tekirdağ province of Turkey. The Gompertz , Logistic and linear models were used to evaluate the best fit model. The best model was selected according to the values of determination coefficient (R2 ) and sum of squares of differences between observed and estimated values obtained as average live weights of lambs and values obtained by equation of interest for the same period of growth respectively. Data were divided three groups according to sexes and general groups. Sum of square differences were found 3,14 (Gompertz model), 4,47 ( Logistic model), 4,73 (Linear model) for female lambs. Similarly sum of square differences were found 7,06 (Gompertz model), 15,83 ( Logistic model), 15,85 (Linear model) for male lambs

The arcade project

The Atmospheric Research for Climate and Astroparticle Detection (ARCADE) project aims to a better comprehension of the limits of applicability, systematics and possible enhancements of the typical techniques used for the measurement of the aerosol attenuation profiles of UV light in cosmic rays and gamma rays experiments. Aerosols are indeed the most variable component in the atmosphere on a short time scale, and experiments based on the detection of the UV light in atmosphere need a continuous monitoring of the aerosol stratification to obtain a reliable evaluation of the properties of the primary particles. The ARCADE project is measuring the aerosol attenuation of UV light due to aerosols with multiple techniques and instruments simultaneously on the same air mass. For this purpose, a Raman + elastic Lidar with a laser source at 355 nm has been built and is currently taking data in Lamar, Colorado together with the Atmospheric Monitoring Telescope (AMT) to detect UV light at a distance of 40 km from the Lidar laser source. The system has been installed on site in 2014 and data were taken every month during moonless nights for one year. A full simulation of the AMT system has been developed. The setup and simulation of the system, together with the AMT calibration system and first collected data are shown