Formation à l’intercompréhension orale et apprentissage du FLE dans une faculté d’économie

This paper introduces the assumptions and methods whereby both listening and reading IC of the French language for Italian speakers has been integrated within a French as a Foreign Language (FLE) teaching programme, aimed at students attending Non-Liberal-Arts courses (Economics). The paper briefly describes the teaching context which has led to this choice and the general structure of the training proposed. Starting from comparing the two languages, Italian and French, in class, this study attempts to illustrate how an approach to the French language by listening IC alone first, and reading comprehension later – following a carefully structured programme – can create the basis for an effective and reflective learning of the spoken and written grammar and their mutual relations in French. The training device using listening IC in FLE teaching aims at taking advantage of the heterogeneity and linguistic diversity among the students, in order to turn them into principal promoters of their own learning. In order to do so, organised modular training, following an explicit progression of different skills (listening comprehension followed by comprehension), has proved to be a satisfactory solution. The indispensable classroom-based guided module is to be combined with a distance learning module, which makes it possible to use resources and activities in a freely chosen order

La dictée de français et les étudiants italophones. Analyse exploratoire des erreurs de morphologie verbale

What can we discover about verbal morphology acquisition when we look at Italian L1 learners writing under dictation? We present a preliminary analysis of a written corpus made up of 1st year undergraduate students written examinations in French L2. The nature of the dictation task, the characteristics of French verbal morphology as well as several discrepencies between both languages orthographic systems – major transparency against opacity – lead us to choose a theoretical framework that focuses on the phonic form. The concept of "supplétion" (Bonami and al., 2003), that allows to redefine regularity in terms of suppletive inflection and stem allomorphy, enables us to distinguish between three major categories of verbs based on their phonomorphological behavior. A quantitative analysis of spelling error distribution shows that the most irregular verbs generate less spelling errors in contrast to verbs presenting stem allomorphy in their inflection paradigm. As for the regular verbs, they generate 62% of spelling errors on inflection morpheme. Qualitative analysis of some verbal contexts show systematic spelling errors at various linguistic levels. We suggest that certain verbal contexts might hinder segmentation and alter verbal form recognition

La fraseologia nella traduzione francese del Visconte dimezzato (1952) di Italo Calvino: verso un’analisi bidirezionale

Partendo dalla bidirezionalità offerta dalla piattaforma CREAMY (Calvino REpository for the Analysis of Multilingual PhraseologY), s'intende mostrare come il corpus parallelo costituito dalla traduzione Le vicomte pourfendu (2002) e l'opera originale Il visconte dimezzato di Italo Calvino (1952) possa da un lato consentire di integrare l'analisi contrastiva italiano-francese dei fraseologismi dell'opera (Menichini, 2018 e Penn et al., cap. 14 in questo volume) e dall'altro fornire dati utili in una prospettiva descrittiva dello studio della traduzione. Il primo paragrafo è incentrato sull'esplorazione del corpus parallelo, partendo dalla versione francese anziché dal testo originale, e alla descrizione di alcune possibilità offerte dalla bidirezionalità di un corpus bilingue. L'autrice ribadisce la necessità di partire dal sintagma per lo studio della fraseologia della lingua francese e adopera la tassonomia suggerita da Klein et al. 2016. Per lo svolgimento dell'analisi bidirezionale, l'autrice definisce precisi descrittori linguistici che adopera per valutare i quattro gradi di equivalenza formale fra l'unità in lingua francese e il so corrispondente nell'opera italiana

À propos de quelques constructions relationnelles abstraites de l’écrit formel

Alcuni usi di verbi francesi frequenti nella parola formale scritta ("tenir à", "avoir à", "revenir à") si presentano come espressioni fisse anche se non tipiche della caegoria. Le teorie linguistiche riguardanti i fenomeni di cristallisazzione per la lingua francese concordano nel riconoscere l'esistenza di un doppio vincolo operativo a livello del significato e del significante e assumono inoltre che la forma fissa risultante possa collocarsi in un range che spazia dal sintagma binare alla frase. Ora, tale cornice teorica sembra esigua quando si tratta di descrivere l'uso dei verbi in esame all'interno dei testi appartenenti al registro dello scritto formale. In primo luogo definiamo la nozione di "verbo relazionale astratto" che adoperiamo nell'analisi, ossia la marginalità che caratterizza gli usi attestati dal punto di vista fraseologico e valutata in termini di fissità linguistica. In seguito, tentiamo di mostrare come il concetto di « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) consenta di descrire i vari livelli linguistici coinvolti nel ruolo e nella funzione testuale che detti verbi relazionali astratti rivestono per la lingua francese. Riconoscendo un contenuto semantico sia al livello grammaticale sia alla relazione logica espressa anche a scala interfrastica, la rappresentazione della "construction relationnelle abstraite" (CRA) che suggeriamo evidenzia l'insieme delle locuzioni verbali che condividono le stesse funzioni testuale e semantica. A nostro parere l' approccio "costruzionale" ai "verbes relationnels abstraits" offre vari vantaggi specie in chiave applicativa.Some verbs that are frequent in formal written French language show a certain amount of fixedness eventhough they do not qualify as typical fixed expressions. Linguistic theories on fixedness assume a double – formal and semantic – constraint hypothesis under which fixed units range from binary phrase to sentence. However, this framework does not seem to allow a satisfactorily description of the textual uses of such French verbs. Primarily, we define the concept of abstract relation verb and introduce the verb properties shown in usage data as an evidence for their borderline phraseologic status. We then demonstrate how the notion of « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) allows to account for the role abstract relational verbs play in text. By giving salience to a grammatical level associated with a logical textual function, the representation of the abstract relational construction (ARC) brings to light a paradigm of verbs that share a given textual function. From an Applied Linguistics standpoint, this approach might offer several benefits.Certains emplois verbaux (tenir à, avoir à, revenir à) fréquents dans l’écrit formel se présentent comme des expressions figées atypiques. Les théories du figement postulent une double contrainte formelle et sémantique et s’accordent sur l’empan syntaxique d’unités figées allant du syntagme binaire à la phrase simple. Or ce cadre semble exigu pour décrire le comportement textuel de ces verbes. Après avoir défini la notion de verbe relationnel abstrait, sa marginalité phraséologique au vu des usages, nous montrons que le concept de « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) permet de décrire finement le rôle et le fonctionnement textuel de ces emplois verbaux. En accordant un relief sémantique au niveau grammatical et à la relation logique et textuelle associée, la représentation de la construction relationnelle abstraite (CRA) met en lumière un paradigme de locutions verbales qui revêtent une même fonction textuelle. Cette approche présente plusieurs avantages du point de vue applicatif

À propos de quelques constructions relationnelles abstraites de l’écrit formel

Alcuni usi di verbi francesi frequenti nella parola formale scritta ("tenir à", "avoir à", "revenir à") si presentano come espressioni fisse anche se non tipiche della caegoria. Le teorie linguistiche riguardanti i fenomeni di cristallisazzione per la lingua francese concordano nel riconoscere l'esistenza di un doppio vincolo operativo a livello del significato e del significante e assumono inoltre che la forma fissa risultante possa collocarsi in un range che spazia dal sintagma binare alla frase. Ora, tale cornice teorica sembra esigua quando si tratta di descrivere l'uso dei verbi in esame all'interno dei testi appartenenti al registro dello scritto formale. In primo luogo definiamo la nozione di "verbo relazionale astratto" che adoperiamo nell'analisi, ossia la marginalità che caratterizza gli usi attestati dal punto di vista fraseologico e valutata in termini di fissità linguistica. In seguito, tentiamo di mostrare come il concetto di « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) consenta di descrire i vari livelli linguistici coinvolti nel ruolo e nella funzione testuale che detti verbi relazionali astratti rivestono per la lingua francese. Riconoscendo un contenuto semantico sia al livello grammaticale sia alla relazione logica espressa anche a scala interfrastica, la rappresentazione della "construction relationnelle abstraite" (CRA) che suggeriamo evidenzia l'insieme delle locuzioni verbali che condividono le stesse funzioni testuale e semantica. A nostro parere l' approccio "costruzionale" ai "verbes relationnels abstraits" offre vari vantaggi specie in chiave applicativa.Some verbs that are frequent in formal written French language show a certain amount of fixedness eventhough they do not qualify as typical fixed expressions. Linguistic theories on fixedness assume a double – formal and semantic – constraint hypothesis under which fixed units range from binary phrase to sentence. However, this framework does not seem to allow a satisfactorily description of the textual uses of such French verbs. Primarily, we define the concept of abstract relation verb and introduce the verb properties shown in usage data as an evidence for their borderline phraseologic status. We then demonstrate how the notion of « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) allows to account for the role abstract relational verbs play in text. By giving salience to a grammatical level associated with a logical textual function, the representation of the abstract relational construction (ARC) brings to light a paradigm of verbs that share a given textual function. From an Applied Linguistics standpoint, this approach might offer several benefits.Certains emplois verbaux (tenir à, avoir à, revenir à) fréquents dans l’écrit formel se présentent comme des expressions figées atypiques. Les théories du figement postulent une double contrainte formelle et sémantique et s’accordent sur l’empan syntaxique d’unités figées allant du syntagme binaire à la phrase simple. Or ce cadre semble exigu pour décrire le comportement textuel de ces verbes. Après avoir défini la notion de verbe relationnel abstrait, sa marginalité phraséologique au vu des usages, nous montrons que le concept de « construction » (Goldberg, 1995) permet de décrire finement le rôle et le fonctionnement textuel de ces emplois verbaux. En accordant un relief sémantique au niveau grammatical et à la relation logique et textuelle associée, la représentation de la construction relationnelle abstraite (CRA) met en lumière un paradigme de locutions verbales qui revêtent une même fonction textuelle. Cette approche présente plusieurs avantages du point de vue applicatif

Manufacturing of four-quadrant phase mask for nulling interferometry in the thermal infrared

The Four Quadrant Phase Mask is a key component for the design of advanced coronagraphs that may be used to search exo-planets. The validity of this concept has been demonstrated in the visible and need now to be demonstrated in the mid infrared. For this purpose, two components are manufactured for wavelengths 4.75 and 16.25 μm. This manufacturing requires the deposition of ZnSe layers using Ion Assisted Deposition, followed by a lift off process

Discovery and molecular interaction studies of a highly stable, tarantula peptide modulator of acid-sensing ion channel 1

Acute pharmacological inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is efficacious in rodent models in alleviating symptoms of neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. Thus, ASIC1a is a promising therapeutic target and selective ligands that modulate it are invaluable research tools and potential therapeutic leads. Spider venoms have provided an abundance of voltage-gated ion channel modulators, however, only one ASIC modulator (PcTx1) has so far been isolated from this source. Here we report the discovery, characterization, and chemical stability of a second spider venom peptide that potently modulates ASIC1a and ASIC1b, and investigate the molecular basis for its subtype selectivity. π-TRTX-Hm3a (Hm3a) is a 37-amino acid peptide isolated from Togo starburst tarantula (Heteroscodra maculata) venom with five amino acid substitutions compared to PcTx1, and is also three residues shorter at the C-terminus. Hm3a pH-dependently inhibited ASIC1a with an IC of 1–2 nM and potentiated ASIC1b with an EC of 46.5 nM, similar to PcTx1. Using ASIC1a to ASIC1b point mutants in rat ASIC1a revealed that Glu177 and Arg175 in the palm region opposite α-helix 5 play an important role in the Hm3a-ASIC1 interaction and contribute to the subtype-dependent effects of the peptide. Despite its high sequence similarity with PcTx1, Hm3a showed higher levels of stability over 48 h. Overall, Hm3a represents a potent, highly stable tool for the study of ASICs and will be particularly useful when stability in biological fluids is required, for example in long term in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo experiments. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.

7th International Workshop on the Molecular Biology and Genetics of the Lepidoptera: August 20–26, 2006 Orthodox Academy of Crete, Kolympari, Crete, Greece

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